فصلنامه برنامه ریزی رفاه و توسعه اجتماعی
پیاپی 14 (بهار 1392)

Health is a dynamic concept with regard to physical, psychological, social and spiritual dimensions. All the ideas about spirituality can be summarized in two general approaches: (a) spirituality as a general concept of finding meaning; and (b) spirituality as approaching God/ divinity. No western approach accepts that man is supposed to be God’s representative on the earth. Therefore, the main research question is:what components make up spiritual health, based on Islamic teachings? The study is qualitative, and uses a librarymethod and scientific-religious approach. It uses exegesis of the Quran, Hadith and ethical books, Ganjineh-ye Ravayat-e Noor specialized software, complete volumes of Tafsir Noor, and Ahl-e Beit Library. The study identified the following as the components of spiritual health based on the teachings of Islam: Tawwakul, high opinion towards God, faith, attention to the satisfaction of God, pure motive, thanksgiving, modesty and humility, patience, virtue, justice, prayers, remembrance of God, repentance, thinking and reasoning, self-knowledge, and belief in life after death. It is necessary that the Health Care System and other related organizations consider institutionalizing and propagating these local concepts in their policies and strategies.

Sustainable development of any country depends on continuous improvement and efficacy of educational system, research structures and technological approaches. Making use of all potential resources and, consequently, reaching maximum efficacy requires a pattern which canguarantee the higher education development with its dynamic approach. The present study aimsto design patterns in higher education development,with a specialfocus on three main areas of education, research and technology. The ten effective factors include religious, social, economic, political, managerial-organizational, technological, geographical, demographical, security and time factors. Then, the significance, intensity and priority of each factor in higher education development are examined and the patterns are explained. Finally, the desired pattern is defined. The present paper is a fundamental research and, applying a systematic framework, has used viewpoints of scholars and library sources. The existing and possible approaches are analyzed and then, the best and most effective components in higher education development pattern are defined.

The present paper aims to study the factors affecting the difference of attitudes between mothers and daughters towards family values. Margaret Mead and Carl Manheim’s historical theories of generation gap are used in the review of literature. Four independent variables, including age difference, difference in education level, difference in using the international media (i.e. Internet and Media), and difference in religiosity were considered. Using proportional sampling, 260 female students of Allameh Tabataba’i University and their mothers were selected.The data were collected using survey questionnaires. Kendall’s tau-c and tau-bcoeficients were used for analyzing the data in SPSS program. The face validity and reliability of the measurement tool were achieved through test-retest. Among the four independent variables, it was the level of religiosity that had a significant relationship with the difference betweenthe attitudesof mothers and daughters towards family values;the more the differences in their level of religiosity are, the higher their differences in family values will be. Examining the effect of control variable (economic-socialstatus) on the relationship between the level of religiosity and the attitudinal differences in family values showed that this relationship remains significant in high and middle socio- economic statuses.

The present paper analyzes the cultural experts’ and managers’ evaluation of cultural policy-making system of Higher Education and explores the place of the “model of plurality in unity” and “coexistence of scientific/education and religious cultures”. The method used is semi-structured interviews with experts. The findings of the research on the model of plurality in cultural unity indicate that this matter has been considered in the cultural policies to an acceptable level. However, these policies, similar to other cultural policies of the country, suffer from the dominance of interventional attitudes by the government. The intensity of such interventional attitudes has been varying depending on the governments responsible for the enforcement of the policies. Regarding coexistence of religious and scientific cultures, almost all of the interviewees considered it as one of the key cultural issues in universities. According to their evaluation, current cultural policies in the higher education sector do not pay due attention to this issue and no theoretical and practical arrangements have been made for the coexistence of these sets of values and norms. In other words, although there is an increasing trend towards rational interpretation of religion in universities (which has a direct correlation with the increasing scientism among the university actors including teachers and students), there has been a growing emphasis on Sharia-oriented interpretation of religion in recent years. Therefore, there seems to be potential challenges if the current trends continue.

The present study aims to asses the rate of social capital as well as the factors affecting it among female pre-university students of Shiraz. The research questions are: ‘What is the total rate of social capital among female pre-university students of Shiraz?’ and ‘What are the sociological factors affecting social capital?’ Using random and multistage cluster sampling, 400 students were selected. The data were collected through questionnaires. Theoretical framework of the research is based on social capital-related theories ofFrancis Fukuyama, Robert Putnam and Coleman.The results showed that the average of social capitalat individual and primary group levelsas well as institutional, organizational, provincial, and national levels is 59.8%. Among the three levels of the dependent variable, the micro-level of social capital has the highest average (70%). Furthermore, there was a positive and significant relationship between the independent variables of forms of identity, mental health, parents’ educational status, cultural capital and the dependent variable of social capital. The results also indicated that the rate of female art students’ social capital is significantly less than that of other majors. Moreover, students residing at expensive districts of the town demonstrated the lowest rate of social capital and the students residing at cheap areas demonstrated the highest rate.

The present paper aims to examine the perspectives of faculty members of Shahid Beheshti University, one of the big universities, on the development of university entrepreneurship and the involving parameters. According to the nature and objectives of the study, it is an applied descriptive-survey research. The measurement tool was a 30-item questionnaire provided by researchers. After consultation with professors and improvement of some vague questions, validity of the measurement tool was calculated to be 0.9, using Cronbach’s Alpha. The statistical population of the study included all faculty members of Shahid Beheshti University. The data was analyzed using both data description method and Kendall’s K2 and taustatistical tests. The results showed that the factors involved inthe development of university entrepreneurship are: University’s mission, faculty members’ perspectives, award and compensation system for entrepreneurial activities, entrepreneurs’ training program, and innovative teaching methods.

Heads of departments, aserving as connections with university chancellors, faculty members and university students, play a crucial role in realization of academic goals. The present paper aims to present a pattern for effectiveness improvement of heads of departments in universities and higher education centers. This study was a descriptive-analytical survey. Using the stratified sampling method, the sample population (n=359) was selected randomlyfrom the branches of the Islamic Azad Universities indistrict 8. The data were collected using research-made questionnaires formulated based on components of cybernetic management theory in higher education.The results of factor analysis showed that there are thirteen factors effective on effectiveness improvement of heads of departments. The results of the path analysis also indicated that the variables entered into the analysis at the level of 0.99 could explain variations in the dependent variable, i.e. the effectiveness of heads of departments, and that the factor of continuous reconstruction had the highest effect on the effectiveness of heads of departments. Appropriateness of the proposed model was confirmed by the results of the coefficient of multiple determination R2 and the equation of proportion. Other findings of the research showed that demographic variablesdid not have significant impact on the results of the study.