مجله تحقیقات علوم رفتاری
سال یازدهم شماره 4 (پیاپی 32، مهر و آبان 1392)

The intolerance of uncertainty model was initially developed as an explanation for worry within the context of generalized anxiety disorder. However، recent research has identified intolerance of uncertainty (IU) as a transdiagnostic maintaining factor across the anxiety disorders. The aim of the present study was to compare the intolerance of uncertainty in patients with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)، obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD)، panic disorder (PD) and control group. The present study was a cross-sectional and ex-post facto investigation (causal comparative method). Statistical universe constituted all patients had been referred the first to the Bozorgmehr clinic in Tabriz in the 1389_1390. In this study، 30 client with Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)، 30 client with Obsessive-Compulsive disorder (OCD)، panic disorder (PD) and 30 control group were selected accessibility. The groups were matched in demographic characteristics with other. Data were collected through a structured clinical interview and the Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale (IUS). The gathered data is analyzed by SPSS-17 and descriptive statistic indexs and Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA). The present study has found that people with GAD، OCD، and PD disorders compared with controls، according to the f=89/6 significance levels of /0001 had higher intolerance of uncertainty، but people with GAD، OCD، and PD disorders were not significantly different in the intolerance of uncertainty. The results showe differences between the (GAD، OCD، and PD) disorders and control groups in the (F=1/7)، significance level0/0001، F=23/5، and significance level 0/002،in the two factors the intolerance of uncertainty questionnaire. In tolerance of uncertainty is not just for generalized anxiety disorder، It construct seen in the obsessive compulsive disorder and panic disorder. It seems cognitive factor of intolerance of uncertainty plays a pivotal role in causing in this disorders. A potential application of these results for the treatment of anxiety disorders are treatable.

Aim and The purpose of this research was a quantitative study of family factors that interfere with suicide attempters. Methods and Materials: The research is descriptive. We used phenomenological and qualitative way. 20 suicide attempter''s participants were selected by purpose-based way، and sampling continued to saturating. For data gathering، we used interview that accomplished by suicidal participants، their family and friends. For reaching to a valid and reliable data، we used supervisors and participants review criteria. Results of interview by codified data shown that 10 family factors effects on suicide. This factors in turn included in: 1. Parent’s real or emotional divorce، 2. Parental abuse، 3. Rejective and autocratic parenting style، 4. Lack of parent’s reinforcement and encouragement and hopefully، 5. Parent’s addiction، 6. Parent’s psychopathologic history، 7. Parent’s suicide attempts history، 8. Parent’s Attention and love 9. Religious disorientation، 10. Lack of organization and planning and aim for live. One of factors can be effective on suicide are family factors. Practitioners must attended to it in the prevention and cure.

Aim and

The purpose of this study was comparison of forgiveness and its components together with mental health in normal and ongoing divorce couples in Isfahan.

The population is consisted of couples who lived in Isfahan city in 1387 (2009). 100 normal couples were selected randomly from 4 parks in four regions of city and 100 at-divorce couples were selected randomly from couples who referred to divorce centers in Isfahan. Forgiveness and its components was measured by forgiveness scale (FFS) and mental health was measured by General Health Questionnaire (GHQ).

The results of a factor analysis of variance (MANOVA)، showed that forgiveness and its components (Recognition، Reparation، Restitution، Resolution) significantly higher than in normal couples. The couple''s divorce. The findings related to mental health and its subscales (somatic symptoms، anxiety and insomnia، social dysfunction، major depression) were obtained

The results of this study confirm that، in cases referred for mental health and the relief of divorce can be very important.

Aim and Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system in which primary symptoms emerges in adults between the age 20 and 40 years old. Previous findings indicate 15-20 percent of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) patients are diagnosed with executive function impairments. The purpose of this study is to evaluate planning function as one of executive functions subsets in patients with relapsing-remitting MS. Method and Materials: In this ex-post facto study which is done in Esfahan MS association، 49 female with relapsing-remitting MS and 43 female age-، education- and IQ-matched without MS were selected by haphazard sampling. To assess their planning function، both groups were tested using Tower of Hanoi task. Multivariate analysis of variance shows significant difference between to group in three، four، five، six and seven movement tasks (p<0/ 001). Additionally، patient group has more extra moves (errors) than observe، considering that there was no limitation in time. To measure the sensitivity and specificity of different tasks of Tower of Hanoi task، ROC curve is applied. All curves were located above the reference line. Findings indicate patients with MS had impairment in planning function which is not caused by deficit in their general IQ. Also results showed that six and seven movement tasks of the Tower of Hanoi have higher sensitivity and specificity for assessing planning function.

Aim and Back ground: Impulsivity and risky decision making is a core element of plenty of individual and social deficits. On the other hand، history of attention deficit disorder and hyperactivity has been reported in many people with these problem particularly addiction. Decision making requires basic cognition function such as inhibition، working memory and attention. The aim of the current study was to explore the relationship between risky decision making with attention functions، work memory and Inhibitory control. Methods and Materials: In present cross sectional study، 215 students of Shahid Beheshti University were evaluated with neuropsychological tests such as N- back، Stroop test، Wisconsin Card Sorting Test، Continuous Performance Test and Go/NoGo Test. Pearson correlation was used for analysis. Findings not found any significant correlation between sustain، selective and shifting attention and risky decision making (P> 0. 05). Significant correlation found between inhibitory control and risky decision making (P< 0. 01). Different anatomic origin of decision making (ventromedial prefrontal) and executive function (dorsolateral prefrontal) could be considered as a resign of their independence. Inhibitory control is a good predictor of risky decision making and interventional study may be propose training of inhibitory control for reducing risky decision making.

aim and Existing researches in the field of addiction generally focus on strategies for withdrawal not on the addicted victims quality of life. Therefore، in this study، the addicted people is educated to enhance or improve the quality of life، Reform and develop the teaching of cognitive– behavioral therapy، The impact of these developments on important factors such as self-efficacy has been studied. Methods and Materials: The research is of the type semi-experimental with experimental and control groups، with follow-up (45 days). To determine the number of the sample، at first، two clinics for addiction withdrawal (Fardaye Roshan Clinic and Rahabakhsh Clinic) in the year 1390 were selected. 36 people applying for participation in the study were randomly assigned to two groups (Cognitive Behavioral Group Therapy and Quality of Life Therapy) and control assigned. Finally، at the end of sessions، posttest and 45-day follow-up were administrated on the group. For the reason of controlling intervention variable، multivariate analysis of covariance has been use in addiction to descriptive statistics. The results of the research indicate that CBT and the treatment based on the improvement of life quality could significantly increase the addicts، scores of Self efficacy in post test compared to the control group (P<0. 5). The point to be mentioned is the better functioning of the treatment based on the improvement of quality of life therapy compared to CBT in the addicts، follow-up stage of self efficacy.

Aim and Unconsummated marriage (UCM) is a problematic worldwide sexual disorder. It becomes complicated in the societies with conservative sexual norms. Yet there is clear consensus in scientific societies that UCM should be defined as a phenomenon beyond a specific individual، organic and psychological problem. Drawing upon Sexual scripts theory by Gagnon and Simon (1973) this review article aimed to answer a question: «Which socio-sexual scripts out of them the UCM in couples emerged and is maintained? ''Methods and Materials: A review was conducted focusing on UCM and the social scripts about wedding night، marriage، intercourse and virginity. Most of the new published studies were conducted in conservative communities and reported varied etiological factors for UCM، based on the specialty of researchers and referred clinics. It seems that during UCM، mutual transaction between the individual and social norms in her/his community about vaginal intercourse، is impaired and caused to guilt feeling so may lead to nondisclosure of the problem and make it prolonged. Sexual education for new couples by health care givers may decrease UCM prevalence and its challenges.

The risk of suicidal thoughts and suicide attempts، especially when aggravated، pain persists despite repeated visits and various medical treatments، and the patient learns that the pain is different from other pains. Finally، there are only two solutions: first، surrendering to the pain and learned helplessness، and second، ending the life with no pleasure and painful. The significance of suicidal ideation and suicide attempts among patients with chronic pain becomes clearer when if you know that in the U. S.، suicide is the second leading cause of death among patients with chronic diseases. Many studies have highlighted the role of unbearable pain، and surrendering to pain as an outcome of chronic stress and attempted suicide in chronic pain patients. Given the importance of human life for the medical، psychiatry and psychology community as first priority، and maintain the physical and mental health as second priority، It can be said that health services efforts is to protect human health. But، it should be noted that despite the great efforts and appropriate medical management of patients with chronic pain by medical community، it is possible that in the middle of the treatment process، patients do not have the required tolerance and capacity necessary to continue living with chronic pain، and to commit suicide. This situation suddenly goes to waste all of the medical community services، patient`s efforts and costs of expensive treatments