نشریه دانشگاه علوم پزشکی خراسان شمالی
سال پنجم شماره 3 (پاییز 1392)

Bipolar disorder is one of the major mental disease and important cause for to confined (hospitalization).As necessary to gain information about methods treatment for obtain treatment and prevention relapse in particular cognitive behavior therapy group with different techniques This research is a descriptive and analytic study that is experimental with pretest and post-test and control group. samples according to the clinical and diagnostic interview partially structured for DSM-IV Axis I had a clinical diagnosis of manic depressive psychosis. (N:61) The patients selected by high score in mania and depression scale. the experimental group received 10 treatment sessions. the group were under the drug therapy. The post-test performed after therapeutic intervention, data analysis was by SPSS, 20soft ware. out comes have indicated that after intervention significantly differed between experimental and control groups. (p-value <0.05) Cognitive – behavior therapy group with Roleplaying in treatment of Mania and Depression (BMD) is effective.

Atopic dermatitis is the most common chronic dermatologic disorder in childhood affecting 10-30% of children. Allergen avoidance in combination to skin hydration and topical steroids are considered as major parts of treatment. As these allergen may be different in various cultures, recognition of them has importance In management of disease. The aim of this study was to recognize common allergens in children with atopic dermatitis in Mashhad by skin prick test. Method and materials: Skin prick test with common food allergens and aeroallergens in addition to positive control(histamine) and negative control (saline) was performed on 207 children with atopic dermatitis. 207 children with atopic dermatitis (116 boy and 91 girls) aged 3 months to 14 years participated in this study. The most common allergensrespectively included egg white, egg yolk, cow''s milk, weeds(Russian thistle), pepper, mites(D. Farinqe and D. ptteronysinus), curry and walnut.Food allergens were more prevalent in the young age and aeroallergens were more prevalent in the older age. Prevalence of allergens in each region is different depending on environmental conditions, food habits, ethical diversities and life style. Recognition and avoidance of allergens in combination to medical therapy has an important role in management of atopic dermatitis.

Hexavalent chromium is one of the most important pollutants from industrial effluent. In attention to its dangerous and toxic characteristics, its removal by economical sufficient method is essential. This study was designed to evaluate of hexavalent chromium removal from aqueous solutions as low cost adsorbent derived from peganum harmala powdered seed (PPS). After preparation of adsorbent, effects of various parameters such as: pH, adsorbent dose, contact time, initial concentration of chromium and agitation rate were investigated in batch system. Cr (VI) was determined by colorimetric using UV-VIS spectrophotometer (UV/VIS Spectrometer T80+). All chemical reagents were purchased from Merck Corporation. Finally, obtained data were analyzed by excel software. The results revealed that high Cr (VI) removal efficiency at pH of 1.5. Among various parameters, adsorbent dose, contact time and agitation rate have direct effect but initial concentration of chromium has reversible effect in removal efficiency. PPS adsorbed over 98.16% of chromium from solutions containing 100 mg/l of Cr (VI) at 300 rpm and by adding 10 gr of (PPS) in 1 liter, after 30 min of equilibrium. On the basis of present results PPS can be used as sufficient low cost adsorbent for hexavalent chromium removal from aqueous solutions.

Due to the high prevalence of drug use in Iran and its socio- familial complications and mortality, we aimed to compare the incidence of death due to substance abuse in North Khorasan in 2008-2013. In this Descriptive - analytic study, we compared all of death caused by substance abuse. Of all deaths reported to the forensic medicine of North Khorasan between 5 years. Then Data were recorded on a data entry form.The data where gathered from the original forensic medicine checklist. Data were analyzed by SPSS software and presented with descriptive statistics In all case of death due to substance abuse, 88.6 % were male. The mean age of the group was 34.82± 14.34. In terms of education most of them were illiterate and unemployed. 75% of group had smoking history. Opium abuse by 43.7% had maximum involvement in death. In the end 19.4% of deaths occurred in 1387, 22.2% in 1388, 18.8% in 1389, 14.2% in 1390 and 25.4% in 1391. Result showed that death caused by substance abuse are more prevalent in young men, unemployed and illiterate persons. There was no significant difference of death due to substance abuse between years.

Monoaromatic compounds because of the potential carcinogenicity and participation in photochemical smog are the most important environmental pollutants, especially in mega cities. This study was conducted to assess monoaromatic compounds in Tehran in 2011. This study was a cross sectional. Benzene, toluene, and xylene isomers (BTX) and ethylbenzene were Measured in Tehran by PhoCheck PID Detector in morning, noon, afternoon. The highest concentrations were recorded by benzene (6.95 ppb), which had a high potential for carcinogenesis. Comparing the xylenes to toluene and benzene indicated that combustion, but not fuel evaporation, is the major common source. Monoaromatic peak was observed at noon, which was indirectly related to the heavy traffic at this time. Fuel combustion in vehicles in Tehran is main source of production and releasing of monoaromatic compounds.

systemic lupus erythematous is a chronic disease that involves most body organs. Corticosteroids and other immunosuppressant drugs are used in treatment with wide range of adverse effect especially infections. In this study we aimed to assess the incidence and prevalence of infections and type of infections in these groups of patients. 98 patients enrolled in this cross-sectional descriptive study in 2007 that admitted in Imam Reza hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Iran. They were selected randomly and supervised annually. They underwent clinical and Para clinical exams and stage of the disease were identified. Drugs information and their dose were recorded. 81 patients were female (86.2%) and 13 patients were male. Mean age was 28.12 ± 9.4. 32 patients had infections during surveillance. The incidence of infections, its patterns and type of pathogens were the same as other areas worldwide. Increasing in immunosuppressant dosage would lead to higher rate on infections.

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is one of the most leading causes of death among cancers. The therapeutic methods of RCC are surgery, immunotherapy, chemotherapy and biologic response modulators. Medicinal plants such as Nigella sativa (N. sativa) also are used for the treatment of cancer. Therefore, in this study the effect of aqueous fraction of N. sativa was investigated on percentage of live cells in the human renal carcinoma cell line (ACHN) and normal human renal epithelial cells (GP-293). Aqueous fraction of N. sativa obtained from %70 hydro-alcoholic extract after discarded of n-Hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, N-butanol fractions. In this study two cell lines including carcinoma cell line ACHN and normal cell line GP-293 were used. Cells were seeded in 96 well plates and were treated with various concentrations of aqueous fraction and cell viability was calculated with MTT after 24, 48 and 72 hours. Results are presented as Mean ± SEM. Statistical analysis was performed by using SPSS. One-way ANOVA test was applied for the statistical analysis of the data. our results showed aqueous fractions of N.sativa didn’t significant effect on percentage of live GP-293 cells in certain dose and time but its effect on percentage of live ACHN cells is significantly higher than control group and GP-293 cell line in dose and time-dependent manner. It was concluded that the aqueous fraction of N.sativa has cytotoxic effects on ACHN cell line but didn’t has any significant effect on GP-293 cell line.

Iodine is one of the essential microelements for life and its deficiency is the most important threatening causes for human health. The purpose of this study is to evaluate amount of iodine in iodized salts in Kashan's shops, during the second half of 2010 and its comparison with standard and giving suitable suggestions for prevention of probable problems. In this descriptive-analytic study 13 marks of iodized salts from Kashan's shops with three different product dates were assessed. The samples were three times examined in the chemical laboratory of faculty of Health, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, by method of Pharmacopeia titration. of 13 markes iodized salts, 8 markes (61.53%) had acceptable ranges (30 -50ppm) and 5 markes (38.46%) were out of acceptable ranges. All out of ranges samples were in fewer ranges from acceptable minimum ranges (30ppm) and they were not any salts with more than iodine acceptable maximum ranges. According to the results of this study iodized salts lack the recommended standard level of iodine. Therefore, according to importance of this matter, continues control on iodized salt is necessary.

Polymerization shrinkage is a major problem in composite resin restorations and results in marginal leakage. This study evaluated the influence of guided polymerization on microleakage of conservative adhesive resin restorations (CARRs) in premolar teeth using two different light curing units. This in vitro study was performed using 72 freshly extracted human premolars without dental caries and crack. After cavity preparation in the occlusal surface, the teeth were randomly assigned to 12 subgroups of six each and then filled using the single bond\ Z250 system. Irradiation procedures were performed in the experimental group (through tooth structure), first control group (irradiation with conventional method) and second control group (irradiation with increased time) with high and low intensities of Light-emitting diode (LED) and Quartz-tungsten-halogen (QTH) light curing units. Microleakage was evaluated by a stereomicroscope at 40x magnification. The Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney and logistic regression with a significance level of 0.05 were used for statistical analyses. The “guided polymerization” technique had no significant effect on the microleakage of the study groups. None of the independent variables (light intensities, light curing units and irradiation protocols) had a statistically significant effect on microleakage. Irradiation with higher intensity and lower duration (within the limits of examined intensities and durations) and just from occlusal surface using LED or QTH light curing units, in order to reduce the working time in pediatric dentistry is recommended.

Background & Objetives: colonoscopy is an invasive method that is painful for patient especially for children. The objective of this research was investigation into the effect of supermint oral drop (peppermint essence) on the patient and colonoscopist group satisfaction during colonoscopy. In this clinical trial study, 101 children candidate colonoscopy (7-14 years old) in children’s medical center were randomly divided into two groups, case(n=51) and control(n=50) respectively. Control group received placebo and about half an hour before the colonoscopy control group case group was administrated 20 oral drops Supermint oil (peppermint oil). A standard questionnaire was filled after the colonoscopy for satisfaction of the patient and colonoscopist group. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 11.5 (T-test and Corraletion). Two percents in control group and 54.9% in case group have a great degree of satisfaction. Besides, degrees of satisfaction in case group was 64.7% that significantly difference with those of control group (2%) (p<0.05). Mean value of pain, duration of colonoscopy in control group was 5/60+1/85 and in case group was 4/20+1/70 and this difference was significant(p<0.05). The results of this study showed that drop Supermint oil on pain relief have a positive influence in during colonoscopy in children, so peppermint essence causes increase in satisfaction in both patient and colonoscopy group.

Colon and rectum cancers are the third most common cancers in the world. The aim of this study was to determine the factors affecting the survival of colon cancer patients who referred to Omid Hospital of Mashhad from 2006 to 2011. In this historical cohort study, 136 colon cancer patients were investigated. Demographic and clinical data were collected. Then the best model was determined to fit the survival data in regard to Akaike criteria and the risk factors were established using SAS software. (α = 0.05) The mean age at diagnosis was 57.36 ± 1.22 years. According to Akaike criteria, the Cox model was identified as an appropriate model for fitting the survival data. The 1,2,3,4 years survival rate were 76%, 62%, 56% and 44% respectively and the mean survival time in five years period, was 3.03 years. Patients who were recurrence-free, patients with lower levels of cancer and patients without a history of smoking had a significantly higher survival probability (p-value<0.05) Considering different results from different studies, further studies to detection of effective factors in the survival rate of patients seem to be necessary. Mean survival in these patients compared with the other studies is less (3.03) that delay in diagnosis maybe is one of its reasons and because Duke’s stage in one of the important effective factors, emphasis on early references for detection should be considered.

Prevalence of overweight and obesity in Iranian adolescents is alarming. Due to numerous medical and psychosocial consequences of overweight and obesity in adolescents, educating and preventing of them is critical. The present study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of educational interventions to improve lifestyle associated with overweight and obesity among middle school students of Tonekabon city in 2012. In a quasi-experimental study, 120 middle school students were selected using multistage sampling methods and were divided equally into control and experimental groups. Demographic characteristics, behaviors that affect weight gain, weight Efficacy and Lifestyle were collected using valid and reliable self reporting questionnaire before and 6 months after educational intervention. Intervention consisted of four 60-minute sessions of group discussion along with displaying images and based on an initial assessment was designed and implemented. Finally, the data were analyzed using SPSS software version 18 and presented with independent and paired t-tests and chi-square. Behaviors that influence overweight and obesity related lifestyle include eating while standing, while watching TV, sleeping, between main meals, eat snacks when hungry, fast eating, watching TV and playing computer during free time at leisure were improved after educational intervention in experimental group (P< 0.05). Also, the psychological variables associated with self efficacy such as social pressure (from 8.6±3.0 to 13.04±2.3), positive emotions (from 7.2±2.8 to 10.7±3.3), negative emotions (from 12.6±4.4 to 16.2±5.1), physical discomfort (from 7.6±2.6 to 10.3±3.5)(P<0.001) and food availability (from 11.3±5.2 to 15.6±5.0) (P<0.05) were improved after education in experimental group. The educational program significantly improved the weight gain related behaviors and weight efficacy lifestyle in students. It is recommended educational programs run continuously and regularly in schools to prevent the adverse consequences of overweight and obesity.

Using the appropriate restoration is essential for a tooth if its structure is lost due to caries or other reasons. Nowadays many people who are concern about esthetics, appeal to replacement of old amalgam fillings with tooth-colored materials.The aim of this study was to evaluate the microleakage of premolar class II composite restoration following amalgam removal.Method and Materials: In this exprimental study thirty Class II cavities were prepared on sound extracted premolars then randomly divided into three groups according to how they were restored. In group 1, light-cured packable composite used as control group; in group 2 first, cavities prepared with a high copper Amalgam then stored in normal saline for 6 months, after that the amalgam was replaced with composite leaving the cavity walls intact. In group 3 identical to group 2, but after removal of 6 months old amalgam restorations, the gingival cavity walls extended a 0.5 mm and then restored with composite. Dye extraction testing was performed for all specimens of these three. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and the Tukey test (α =0.05). There were no significant differences in microleakage between group 3 and group 1(p >0.05). The highest dye absorbance was associated with Group 2 (p<0.05). After amalgam removal, a 0.5 mm extension of the cavity walls could improve the marginal seal of the restorations.

the aim of this research was sensory processing patterns of autistic children teachers’ point of view. Mterial & this research was from descriptive type. Community included all of the student with autism aged 7-12 that studying in 2012-2013 years at school, after entrance criteria sample included 50 student, that selected by purposive sampling. The research tool was Dunn’s sensory profile school companion. This tool was completed by teacher for each student. Data were analyzed and presented with descriptive statistic. the result showed that sensory processing patterns including low registration, sensation sensitivity, and sensation seeking had probable difference and sensation avoidance had definite difference in autistic children. based on the result autistic children had differences patterns in sensory processing.

In recent decades, qualitative approaches enter to the domain of medical research, and it has been considered. Rigor includes activities that increase the probability of obtaining valid results. Different approaches of qualitative research causing different methods for rigor has been achieved. In this methodology paper, by using descriptive and analytical methods has been tried that with introduction and overview of the types of rigor in qualitative research, Literature review and also address ways increase the type of rigor. In this study, Guba and Lincoln's approach(1994); include, Credibility, Transferability, Dependability, Confirm ability offer and methods to achieve the rigor of these four criteria has been suggested. According to the results of the research that has been done to generate knowledge, paying attention to the mentioned methods would help to judge precisely about the credibility of qualitative studies and obtain reasonable judgment.

Post-transfusion purpura is a rare immunohematological disorder characterized by severe thrombocytopenia following transfusion of blood components and induced by an alloantibody against a donor platelet antigen. It occurs primarily in women sensitized by pregnancy and is most commonly caused by antihuman platelet antigen-1a antibodies. Here, we describe what we believe to be the first suspicious case of an Iranian woman who developed post-transfusion purpura after receiving multiple blood products.