مجله توسعه تکنولوژی صنعتی
پیاپی 20 (پاییز و زمستان 1391)

Techno-entrepreneurship is a multidisciplinary and new field which is growing. In this paper, firstly the theories related to entrepreneurship and technology fields are reviewed, and then the techno-entrepreneurship is studied in detail. Also, a model for techno-entrepreneurship known as Pradon model is presented. This model comprises seven key elements including: technological entrepreneur, universities, corporations, capital, market/customers, government and finally advisors. Secondly, the entrepreneurship in the biotechnology as one case of techno-entrepreneurship is investigated. Bioentrepreneur is defined considering the characteristics of biotechnology. Opportunity assessment of biotechnology companies through the feasibility process (macro-level analysis), technology assessment (micro-level analysis) and finally the alternative commercialization options and pathways to their markets are stated, by using the related tools such as Spin-off companies, traditional out-licensing of technology, IP, trade sale and internal development. This article helps the researchers form the basis for future research and serves as a guide for governments and regions willing to develop and stimulate biotechnological entrepreneurship. At the end, after summing up the results, some suggestions in the related areas are presented.

Technology development is largely dependent on designer’s creativity of the product or the technology. Since the new opportunities for the development of modern technologies should be examined by experts, the creation of innovative ideas for technology development and successful entrepreneurship is essential. One of the creative problem solving methods is systematic innovation (TRIZ) which was founded by Russian scientist, Gnrysh Altshuler, in 1946. Over the years, this method has been changed to a practical tool for innovation and solving technical problems of varying degrees of complexity. This paper is compiled to study the TRIZ capability rate for solving engineering problems. It is tried to carry out the steps of problem recognition and its solution by TRIZ for a gas accumulator; then, the resulted innovative ideas and their feasibilities to become operational are evaluated. It is obvious that any applicable innovative idea is an opportunity toward entrepreneurship.

This paper is focused on the technology of gap and flush measurement in car bodies. This process plays an essential role in improving the quality of production in the automotive industry. After a review of underlying scientific and technical principles of gap and flush measurement, the current situation of the technology in the world automotive industry has been studied. To study the level of application and adoption of the technology in Iran, the complete car body production line in Iran Khodro Company has been investigated as a case study, the result of which is introduced briefly. A conclusion and suggestions for improving the overall process of car body inspection in Iran automotive industries are mentioned at the end of the paper.

With increasing the importance of research commercialization, significant efforts are being conducted to commercialize researches in universities and research centers. Hence, assessing commercialization activities and identifying criteria and indicators for measuring the performance of commercialization are essential. In this paper, by reviewing the present data sources, the measurement indicators of commercialization activity in the universities and research centers of the leading countries in particular Malaysia, Australia and Norway are recognized, and as a case study the ones in Norway are analyzed. With library method and by referring to databases and government reports, the data researches are collected; the documents and the previous studies records are analyzed with exploratory approach. Among the most important recognized criteria and indicators, besides the general indicators of measuring commercialization, one can point out the industrial investment volume in R&D of the number of suggested ideas offered by the universities and research institutes with commercial potential, number of patent applications and patents, number of license deals and licensing income, number of founded spin-off companies and their performances, and joint scientific publications between universities and industry. Analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of a number of the indicators and also ranking of the five universities under study based on the aforementioned indicators are another part of the present research results. Furthermore, some suggestions about the way of measuring the commercialization of the results of universities researches are presented. It is expected that the proposed indicators cover the various dimensions and aspects of commercialization and they are used by our universities and research centers in assessing the commercialization performance of their strategic plans.

One of the features of knowledge based development process in developed and developing countries is the emerging and growth of Research and Technology Organizations (RTOs). Hence, it is expected that the role of RTOs in the knowledge-based economy is becoming stronger and more significant. RTOs have been criticized for their weak performance and the most important factor for their ineffectiveness is related to poor management at the strategic level. Considering the rapid expansion of these organizations, this study has tried to explain the necessity of development of specific models for strategic research and technology management in RTOs by an analytical-qualitative approach. Regarding the nature of RTOs that is fully integrated with science and technology, the base of the competition in these organizations lies on providing integrated technology-based business solutions. Therefore, the discussion in the field of strategic research and technology management is integrated with the concepts of rapid technological change environment and consequently dynamic capabilities with the emphasis on technological innovation and entrepreneurship. Therefore, using the latest theories of strategic management with emphasis on dynamic capabilities (and evolutionary approach) to develop strategic management models for RTOs is proposed.

In today's world, industries must keep pace with the technology changes and the requisite of this movement is to have an appropriate technology strategy. Choosing new business areas according to the capabilities of the industries is a very important decision which should be taken by macromanagement of firms. Thus, firm would gain necessary capabilities to produce new products and provide new services while maintaining its own capabilities. Indeed technology strategy is the use, development and maintaining the knowledge generality and the capabilities of the company. Although technology is considered as an important factor but it is not enough to ensure business success. Surely the successful business is integrating technology innovation with production, marketing, financial and human resources, in order to achieve determined goals of the company. The first and also the most important step in strategic management of technology is to compile a program that specifies the priorities of investment of the firm in technology area for a long-term horizon.Considering to antiquity of the National Steel Company and its technological mutation in recent years, in this study we have tried to specify the technology strategies of this company by using Hax and Majluf model.