Journal of Clinical Research in Paramedical Sciences
Volume:2 Issue: 1, 2013

The previous studies have showed that nursing and midwifery students experience numerous stress factors during their educational course. This study was aimed to determine the amount and sources of stress in nursing and midwifery students of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences. Method and Materials: This research was a quantitative correlative descriptive study. The respondents including 410 nursing and midwifery students were recruited by a convenient sampling method. The data collection tool was a valid and reliable questionnaire. The data were analyzed using SPSS-16 software and the descriptive and analytic statistic tests were used such as χ2 and ordinal regression formula. The results showed that the stress rate was in 83. 1% of students low، in 14. 9% moderate and in 2% at very high level. The most important stressors were a squeezed curriculum، insufficient time to study، too much assignments، the fear of getting infectious diseases، the patient''s death، the fear of hurting patients، caring of the dying patient، death of family members، and marriage problems. Our results indicated that most of the subjects suffer from mild stress. Students faced with different stressors related to their education status، clinical training، and some personal-and social issues.

Kidney transplantation has many complications such as graft rejection which should be control by immunosuppressive drugs. The aim of this study is to determine the efficacy of Antithymocyte globulin (ATG) and Methylprednisolone in kidney transplantation patients in Imam Reza hospital of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences. In this analytical-descriptive study، patients were organized in two groups ATG and Methylprednisolone، randomly. In both groups، Cyclosporine، Prednisolone and Mycophenolate mofetil were prescribed. Methylprednisolone was prescribed 1gr/day for three days after Kidney transplantation and after that treatment was continued by Prednisolone. Also، ATG was prescribed for 14 days after Kidney transplantation and after that treatment was continued by Prednisolone، too. In this study 49 patients were in ATG group and 50 patients were in Methylprednisolone group. At the end of month 6، mean glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was 90. 49±12. 59 and 94. 74±11. 08 and mean creatinine levels was 1. 28±0. 59 and 1. 22±0. 36 in ATG and Methylprednisolone groups، respectively. There was no significant difference between these two parameters (P=0. 07 and P=0. 53، respectively). Also، we hadn’t seen any significant difference in incidence of graft rejections، new diabetes cases، malignancy، granulocytopenia and sever infection between these two groups. However، incidence of thrombocytopenia in ATG group was significantly higher than Methylprednisolone group (P=0. 04). According to no difference in results of kidney transplantation in both group and higher incidence of thrombocytopenia in ATG group and also، low cost and easier accesses for Methylprednisolone، it seems to use of Methylprednisolone could be effective in these patients.

Impaired fasting glucose (IFG) is one of the most common disorders that its morbidity risk factors are different in different populations. The present study aimed to investigate the association of life style and fasting plasma glucose in Ilam County. By a case-control study، 150 IFG subjects and 450 controls using cluster sampling were investigated. Each of subjects، using a standard lifestyle questionnaire and face to face interview were investigated. Chi-square test and multivariable logistic regressions were used for the statistical analyses. All subjects were intake fruits and vegetables. The frequency of ghee intake saturated oil)، inactivity and smoking in IFG subjects was more than controls. Using multivariable logistic regression، ghee intake increased the risk of IFG up to 2. 2 fold (OR=1. 28، 95%CI: 0. 75-2. 2)، inactivity up to 2. 33 fold (OR=1. 33، 95%CI: 0. 75-2. 33) and smoking up to 3. 13 fold (OR=1. 46، 95%CI: 0. 68-3. 13). Such differences were not statistically significant. An increase in risk of IFG by life style risk factors is an important finding that needs to be considered seriously by policy health makers.

The most important alkaloid compound in tobacco is nicotine. Around 30% of the people in different countries are addicted to nicotine. Nicotine is also the leading cause of smoking. Prefrontal is part of the cerebral cortex that plays a pivotal role in personality and mental state. It is considered the main cause of addiction as it is located in mesocorticolimbic dopamine system. However، with regard to the significant role of prefrontal cortex، no study has been conducted on the effects of nicotine on morphological changes in prefrontal cortex region، so far. Thus، we purpose to investigate the addictive effects of nicotine on rat cerebral cortex. Twenty four male rats were divided into four groups based on nicotine administration dose (0، 0. 5، 1 and 1. 5 g/kg). After animals were anesthetized، their brains were fixed using transcardiac method. Tissue processing and Golgi staining were performed and the stained tissue sections were analyzed by optic microscope and Motic software. The data were analyzed using SPSS software. By increasing the dose، nicotine significantly decreased the number of neuronal processes. In the higher dose، nicotine caused a significant decrease and increase in the size of pericarions and dendritic spines، respectively (P<0. 05). Nicotine administration can decrease the size of pericarion and number of dendritic spines in the prefrontal cortex.

Multiple choice questions (MCQs) are a way to evaluate the learning in medical sciences. The purpose of this study was to analyze of MCQs exams in faculty members'' scholarship in Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences in 2010 - 2011. Data of this descriptive analytic study were composed of 156 MCQs exams that designed faculty members'' scholarship. Quantity data was collected by discrimination index، difficulty level، standard deviation and reliability of test index (KR20) and the quality data by percent criterion of questions without structural defect and percent of Taxonomy I & II & III questions. Data was analyzed by SPSS-18 software and independent T test and Chi-square، ANOVA & Tucky. Mean reliability coefficient (KR20) in total exams was 0. 68 (±0. 31)، Mean difficulty level %0. 56 (±0. 15)، Mean discrimination index 0. 21 (±0. 15). Mean of questions without structural defect 73. 88 (±14. 88)، Mean of Taxonomy I 34. 65 (±15. 78)، Taxonomy II 41. 34 (±13. 14) and Taxonomy III 23. 99 (±15. 40). Teuky Test was shown statistically difference between reliability coefficient (KR20) in all faculties and between difficulty level in Paramedics Faculty and others (P=0. 001). The study showed that in discrimination index، Taxonomy II & III and questions without structural defect those designed by board members'' scholarship in Kermanshah Medical University were not acceptable in standard level and suggested educated them for obtain promotion in design exams.

The existence of changes in menstrual cycle following tubal sterilization as a contraceptive method is a subject of debate. The purpose of this study was to determine changes in menstrual cycle after tubal sterilization related to age and previous contraceptive method. This research is a descriptive- analytical Study that carried out on 367 women who had undergone tubal sterilization during 2009-2011 years. The information were gathered by interview and telephone contact respectively before and 6-12 months after tubal sterilization and analyzed by SPSS soft ware. There was a significant relationship between changes in cycle intervals with age (P=0.02). Also there is no meaningful relationship between changes in menstrual cycle characteristics with contraceptive method. The follow up of women undergoing tubal sterilization during 6-12 months show that the most of unfavorable changes in menstrual cycle take place in 40-47 age range and it can due to physiological changes in cycle about this age group.

Different work accidents create several socioeconomic problems for community. In addition to the direct effects of the accidents، these are major causes of functional damage and other work-related problems. Therefore، the recognition of the accidents and identifying the underlying reasons can provide some opportunity to prevent and reduce accident incidence in the future. This study was aimed to address these issues. In this case series study، data were collected through assessing various accident reports and related statistics. The total number of damaged persons in Kermanshah province was 382 (99. 5%)، all were menexcept two. Furthermore، the results indicated that the most common cause of the accidents was related to construction works. In general، the work accidents happened mainly between 10 am and 1 pm. According to the results، more accidents occurred predominantly in people with 9th grade literacy level، high school diploma and in married people. The largest proportion of the accidents was falls from high places. The findings also showed that hands were the most affected parts in the accidents and death rate was 11. 3 percent in all cases. Overall and according to these results، it can be concluded that there are two main reasons for the accidents including an unsuitable work environment and limited personal protective equipment in Kermanshah province.