مجله علوم پزشکی پارس
سال یازدهم شماره 4 (پیاپی 26، زمستان 1392)

Obestatin، an anti-hunger peptide، plays an important role in energy balance and body weight. The Aim of this study was to assess the effect of a 12 week aerobic exercise programon the obestatin level in obese women. Twenty obese volunteer women (age 35±6. 81y، body mass index 35. 8±3. 67 Kg/m2، fat percent 43. 98±4. 02% and waist-hip ratio 1. 03±0. 05 (means±SD) were randomly divided into two equal groups، experience (n=10) and control (n=10). Aerobic training program was performed three sessions per week during 12 weeks using treadmill (start with 60-65% heart rate max/15-20 min، final with 80-85% heart rate max/ 45-50 min). Body composition، glucose، insulin and obestatin level were measured in the two groups before and after the intervention. Insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) was measured by calculating the relevant equation. For inter- group comparison، paired t-test and for between group comparison independent-t test were used (significance level P<0. 05). The results showed that after a 12-week treatment of aerobic exercises، weight، fat percentage، WHR، and BMI in the experimental group were significantly decreased (P<0. 05). It was also revealed that insulin and insulin resistance in the experimental group was significant. The important point was that the glucose level and obestatin did not show any significant changes (P<0. 05). The result showed that 12 week aerobic exercise did not change the plasma obestatin levels significantly; however، body composition and insulin resistance were significantly reduced. It seems that obestatin has no effect on weight loss.

Glyphosate is herbicide with high toxicity، that is more commonly known as ''Roundup'' and is formulated as isopropylamine salt. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible effects of herbicide glyphosate on renal tissue of female rats.

50 female rats were randomly divided into 5 groups as control، sham and 1، 2، 3 experimental groups. Three experimental groups 1،2 and 3 received 50، 100 and 200 mg/ kg body weight daily for 14 days (respectively) intraperitoneally glyphosate. Then، rats were anesthetized and the kidneys were removed and weighted. tissue section prepared and studied by light microscope. Urea nitrogen، uric acid and creatinine in blood Was measured.

Proximal tubule diameter in groups 2 and 3 compared to sham and control groups and distal tubule diameter in group 2 compared to control group were significantly increased. Urea nitrogen، uric acid and creatinine levels Increased in Experimental Groups. Other tissue changes such as lymphocytic infiltration، Becoming congested of kidney and renal cells damage in the experimental group3 was harder than the groups 1 and 2.

Glyphosate is caused inflammation and damage to the renal tissue. So handling this herbicide must be with caution.

Introduction& The increasing incidence of infections caused by strains of Staphylococcus aureus، especially methicillin-resistant (MRSA)، the use of effective antibiotics such as clindamycin and erythromycin has increased for treatment of systemic and local infections caused by this organism. However، concern over the possibility of emergence of clindamycin resistance during therapy has discouraged some clinicians from prescribing that agent. The aim of this study was to identify the induced clindamycin resistance in clinical isolates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. In this cross-sectional study 100 S. aureus strains isolated from clinical specimens were collected from laboratories of Shiraze (Shahid Faghihi، Namazi and MRI) hospitals. Re-identification of isolates was performed by conventional microbiological and biochemical testes. Methicillin resistant strains were selected by disc diffusion method and inducible clindamycin resistances in these strains were identified with D-zone Test. The susceptibility testing result showed that 44 isolates (44%) of 100 Staphylococcus aureus samples، were resistant to methicillin. Forty-six percent of isolates were resistant to erythromycin and 51% were resistant to clindamycin. Ten isolates (10%) were as induced clindamycin resistances based on D-zone test (8 isolates D phenotype، 2 isolates D+ phenotype)، in those 8 isolates were MRSA and 2 isolates were MSSA. The results showed that performance of D-zone test in clinical laboratories for identification of induced clindamycin resistance and the report of results to the physician for prescribing of these two antibiotics for treatment of infections caused by inducible clindamycin resistance strains and replace with the appropriate treatment regimen is very important.

Sleep disruption is one of the psychosocial issues in college students that in turn may effects on their lives in a harmful way. This study examines the role of individual، psychosocial factors and intensive scholastic schedule in disrupted sleep patterns among medical and paramedical students. In cross-sectional descriptive study، among students of Semnan University of Medical Sciences، 132 males and 169 females selected by convenience sampling and they complete the Beck Anxiety Inventory، Multidimensional Acculturative Stress Scale، Global Sleep Assessment Questionnaire، Pittsburgh Sleep Symptom Questionnaire and Demographical characteristics Questionnaire. Data was analyzed by correlation and stepwise multiple regression. There was a significantly positive relationship among anxiety، stress and intensive scholastic schedule with global sleep disruption and related symptom severity (P<0. 001). In addition، anxiety، stress and intensive scholastic schedule has significant role on prediction of global sleep disruption and related symptom severity (P<0/001). Age، grade، and gender do not significant role on prediction of global sleep disruption and related symptom severity (P>0/05). In order to fighting with the effects of Anxiety، stress and intensive scholastic schedule on sleep health of college students، it is suggested that college students are supplied with psychological education on how to manage anxiety، stress and intensive scholastic schedule before occurrence of their harmful outcomes in sleep health.

Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) complicates the lives of patients Most of antiemetic drugs used، prevent ponv after surgery، but have undesirabale adverse effects، such as excessive sedation، hypotension، dysphoria and extrapyramidal symptoms. The aim of this study is selection of the best drugs. In a prospective double blinded trial، 250 patients with ASA class I، II undergoing general anesthesia for cataract surgery، were assigned randomly in five groups. Before the induction of anesthesia، the patients received in randomized manner Metoclopramide، Dexamethasone، Hyoscine، or Ondansetron and plasibo. Vomiting episodes were recorded during 24 hours after surgery. The incidence of vomiting was 10% for Dexamethasone، 8% for Metoclopramide، 6% for Ondansetron and 12. 3% for Hyoscine and 27. 2% for plasibo group. The incidence of vomiting has a significant difference between the five drugs was observed after cataract surgery. Ondansetron was most effective between them in the prevention of post operative vomiting. ofcourse; other drugs use in this operation; too

Review: Effect of hydroalcoholic extract of pumpkin seeds’ assessment on start of oogenesis and Change of hormone-pituitary-ovarian axis in immature rats. Pumpkin Seed have been used in traditional medicine as a drug for improving sextual function and vigor. We did not find sufficient scientific evidence to support it. The present study was designed to evaluate of effect of hydroalcoholic extract of pumpkin seeds’ assessment on hormone-pituitary-ovarian axis and oogenesis in immature rats. In this experimental study، we used 30 immature female Wistar rats (weight range 100 to 80 g and 35-30 day olds) were randomly selected and divided them into five groups of six; three experimental groups، control and sham groups. Extract the experimental groups (200،100،50 mg/ kg dose of pumpkin seed extract) was injected intraperitoneally for 21 consecutive days. One day after the last injection، blood was taken from rats to investigate the sex hormones and their ovaries were removed for histological studies. The results showed significantly increased the mean serum FSH، estrogen and progesterone in experimental groups compared to the sham and control (P <0. 05). Secondary follicles in the experimental group compared to the sham and control groups showed a significant increase (P<0. 05). Body weight and weight of the right and left ovaries in the experimental group increased (P <0. 05). Amongst the other parameters، no significant differences were observed in all groups. Injection of hydroalcoholic extract of pumpkin seeds could significantly be effective on oogenesis and concentration of FSH، estrogen and progesterone hormones

Spinal anesthesia is an optional method for cesarean section. One main reason for the decline of this method is backache. This study has been done to investigate the associated factors with post dural puncture backache in cesarean section. This cross sectional study was carried out on 200 patients، 20-40 years old، who were candidates for Cesarean section under spinal anesthesia. Patients physical statues of American Society of Anesthesiologists was I and EI in 12 months. Procedures were performed in sitting position، with a disposable 25-gauge needle، 75 mg Lidocaine 5% and 25 micrograms Fentanyl. The patients were followed up for incidence of backache in the first 24 hours and the first week after spinal anesthesia. Incidence of backache in the first 24 hours was 5% and in the first week after spinal anesthesia it was 9. 5%. There was a significant relationship between age، dural puncture in lower space، high spinal anesthesia، nausea and vomiting and backache in the first 24 hours. Moreover there was a significant relationship between age، nausea & vomiting and backache in the first week after spinal anesthesia (P<0. 05). Incidence of backache was low. Therefore these results can be offered to gynecologists and patients to choose spinal anesthesia for cesarean section.

Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) is a common disorder in reproductive age in women and treatment of it can promote the quality of life in women، but characterizes and side effects of each therapeutic methods based on cultural context of society may affect the quality of life. Therefore، the objective of this study was comparison of quality of life in physical، emotional and social dimensions in two groups of women with hysterectomy and hormonal therapy. In this comparative study quality of life in 54 women with hysterectomy and 54 women with hormonal therapy in reproductive age due to AUB in selected clinical centers in Isfahan was compared. Non-controllable uterine bleeding، systemic disease، oophorectomy، premature menopause، tend to have pregnancy، using of herbal or non-hormonal drugs were failure to log in criteria. Random classification sampling was used. The data collection tool was the standard questionnaire of quality of life which was completed six month after treatment. Findings showed that mean scores of quality of life in total and in physical and emotional dimensions in hormonal therapy were higher than the hysterectomy group significantly (p<0. 05)، but the mean scores of quality of life in social dimension in study groups was no different. The findings showed that quality of life in physical and emotional dimensions followed by hormonal therapy are better than hysterectomy.