نشریه راهبردهای آموزش در علوم پزشکی
سال هفتم شماره 1 (پیاپی 23، فروردین و اردیبهشت 1393)

Abstract Training is a series of activities and strategies that be carried out by the teacher and learner. Its purpose is to help learners to learn better. The Axis educational development is members of the educational process. Their experiences can have important role in clarification of the educational development. Studies show that ever there is no appropriate definition for educational development base on organizational and cultural conditions of the community. This study is designed to clarifying educational development from the view of the student and teacher of Baqiyatallah University of medical sciences. This study is a qualitative study with Qualitative content analysis and conventional approach. The participants are 11 student and teacher of Baqiyatallah University of medical sciences. Participants were selected by purposeful sampling and data collected by semi-structured interviews. Finally dynamics, comprehensive, balanced and sustainable growth were explained in the form of a theme. This theme involves 9 categories: Achieving the goals, attention the quality of education, the way of education development, efficient training, use of update technology, interaction and balance in educational elements, change in attitudes and student performance, integration of different learning approaches and teaching learning process. Managers with aware of the explanation in the field of educational development that is dynamics, comprehensive, balanced and sustainable growth should Provide its background. Achieving the goals, attention the quality of education, the way of education development, efficient training, use of update technology, interaction and balance in educational elements, change in attitudes and student performance, integration of different learning approaches and teaching learning process must be attention. Keywords: educational development, perspective of instructors and students, conventional content analysis qualitative research,

the aim of present research is to study the nature of in service trainers’ teaching dealing with training issues from trainers’ points of view in Esfahan city. the study method has been descriptive –traverse one and its statistical population included 850 trainers dealing with training issues in junior high school in Esfahan city in curriculum year of 1390-1391(2011-2012) who were selected by random cluster sampling method proportional to volume in which 128 individuals were selected as the object sample. The study tool was researcher-made questionnaire whose content validity and stability were assessed by the experts ‘opinions and 0.88 crunbach alpha coefficient respectively. Data were analyzed by using inference and descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, variance analysis (ANOVA) etc.) in SPSS software environment. the results showed that not only the capacity of trainers dealing with training issues but also their senses of need for in service teaching cannot be reliable criteria for planning in service teaching for trainers. Second although trainers with different working experiences had similar needs, the less experienced trainers had different capacity and strength. considering above, it is necessary that the planners of in service teaching of trainers dealing with training issues consider these capacities and the needs of trainers in combination with respect to their working experience when determining the contents of the teachings.

According to professor's role in transforming features of professionalism in theoretical - period curriculum, the present article studied the identification and ranking of the dimensions of professor's interaction in the theoretical curriculum from the perspective of the medical sciences students in the faculty of medical sciences at Shahed University. The method was descriptive, survey type. The Surveying population was all the stagers and interns of Shahed University, in the academic year 1391-92 (N=175), out of which, and with recourse to Krjsy and Morgan table, 123 sample were selected. The research instrument was researcher-make questionnaire estimating the dimensions of professor's interactions and had essential reliability and validity. Data was analyzed with the help of descriptive statistics measure and also tests such as, One- sample t test, Independent- sample t test, analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Friedman test. The above- middle average of professor's interactional dimensions with patients, with colleague, with people and with himself was significant. The average of professor's interaction with students was less than the assumed amount and not significant. Based on the Inferential test, the average ranking of professor's interpersonal interaction dimensions included: interactions with 1) patient, 2) students, 3) himself, 4) people and finally 5) with the colleague. The improvement of less-emphasized interpersonal interactions such as the improvement of interactions with colleagues, people and himself for transforming features of professionalism in student's theoretical-period curriculum is required.

this study was carried out with the aim of Studying the where about of professional ethics of university teachers from the perspective of nursing students of Urmia Medical Sciences University. The method in the present Study is a scaling among 382 nursing students of Medical Sciences Branch in Urmia University. The data were Collected by a Standard questionnaire on professional ethics. Analysis and study of data was done by SPSS 16 Statistical software and One sample T Test and Paired-samples T Test. Statistical results one sample T test for test professional ethics based (t=-37/08, p=0/000), for professional abilities was (t=-27/97,p=0/000), for respect and commitment to student was (t=-34/82, p=0/000), for colleagues was (t=-15/23, p=0/000)for organization(t=-21/21, p=0/000)was Negative and meaning full. Statistical results Paired Samples T Test for professional ethics based (t=-14/56, p=0/000), for professional abilities was (t=-14/11,p=0/000), for respect and commitment to student was (t=-10/19, p=0/000), for colleagues was (t=-12/59, p=0/000)for organization(t= -11/36, p=0/000)was Negative and meaning full. The whereabouts Studying the where about of professional ethics of university teachers from the perspective of nursing students of Urmia Medical Sciences University was observed in a viewed unfavorably. These results suggest the need to consider in Standards of professional ethics among University Faculty Members.

Higher education system and universities require some forms of agility. The aim of this research was to determine the usage of the organizational agility components in universities, based on the 5 components of agility ‘motivations’, ‘capabilities’, ‘facilitators’, ‘barriers’ and ‘consequences’. This descriptive survey study was performed by the faculty members of the state universities of Fars province, and 310 persons were selected, using proportion stratified sampling method. Data collecting was done using 116 question researcher-made questionnaire of measuring the application of agility in universities. One sample T and One-way ANOVA tests were used for data analyzing. There was no significant difference between the view points of the faculty members about the measure of the usage of the organization agility components, according to their sex; but according to the academic rank, teaching experience and kind of the university of the faculty members and organizational position of the persons, it had statistically significant difference. Level of the usage of the organization agility components in Fars province state universities is less than the average level.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the factors affecting educational failure from the perspective of the students in School of Allied Medical sciences of Tehran University of Medical sciences. In a cross-sectional and analytical study, 150 students of Allied Medicine School in Tehran University of medical Sciences were selected using random sampling method. Data were gathered by a questionnaire assessing the factors affecting Educational failure in 6 dimensions. Then, they were analyzed by SPSS software version 18 and T-test, ANOVAs and Pearson coefficient. Out of 130 participants, 70(53/8%) were male and 102(78/5%) were single. The maximum and the minimum mean score and standard deviation were calculated for educational content factors (4/02±0/72) and socio-economic factors (3/54±0/75), respectively. Overall mean and standard deviation for all factors were calculated 3/67±0/38). According to this study, many factors affect educational failure of students which need to be identified and revised to prevent from more educational failure of students. To reach this, training workshops can be arranged to help students progress in their education.

Making Interaction as a key element of teaching and learning process is educators and designers in distance education courses, particularly web-based education. One of the preconditions for the effective design of web-based education is identifying the factors influencing interaction. In this context, the aim of this study is identifying factors those affect student-teacher interaction in web-based education environments. In this qualitative study, 15 virtual master's students and 8 faculty of medical science of Tehran university and Tarbeat modares University’s professors were selected through purposive sampling. Data for this study were collected through semi-structured interviews and were analyzed by using qualitative content analysis. 8 main categories were extracted from analyzing of this study’s participants experiences that include: technical skills and instrumental skills, communication skills, commitment and discipline, mastering in science, live video and audio communication, quality and quantity of communication facilities, motivation and attitude toward the number of students and virtual learning. Knowledge of the factors that affect the learner and teacher engagement in web-based learning environments helps designers and educators to provide an interactive learning environment, whereby the performance, retention and satisfaction of students in web based education courses rise.

Study skills are one of the most important factors influencing academic achievement of students. A regular study plan as well as applying appropriate study skills is of a great importance for students to meet their educational needs. One important reason that some students do not achieve desired results from their efforts is lack of study skills. The purpose of this study was to investigate the study skills and its relationship with the method of prepare for exam in MSc students of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences. In a descriptive cross-sectional study, 140 MSc students of second year were recruited via census sampling in two semesters during 2012-2013. 122 questionnaires were completed and returned. Data was collected using a valid and reliable questionnaire. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage, mean and SD), one-way ANOVA, student’s independent t-test, Tukey post hoc and Pearson correlation coefficient. 19.7% of the students had poor study skills, 39.3% average, and 41% good. The highest mean score (±SD) which was 4.89(±1.36) belonged to taking class notes; while the lowest mean score which was 2.66(±1.48) belonged to time management. Students that had been preparing themselves for the exam during the semester got higher skills in average. There was a significant relationship between some subscales of study skills and sex, and grade point average. There wasn’t any significant relationship between areas of study skills and age, and marital status. The majority of students (59%) have insufficient and moderate levels of study skills. Teaching study skills in educational workshops or courses can help students learn and understand better. Defined factors in this study are time management, taking exam, concentration, reading and taking notes, in order of priority.

The objective of the researches to analyze the effect of context factors on teacher evaluation process performed by the students at Mazandaran University of science and Technology (MUST). The research method is descriptive using a questionnaire as data collection tool. The statistical population is the students of MUST studying in the second semester of (1390-1391) academic year. The data are analyzed by statistical tests one way, analysis of variance, T-student, Pearson correlation using spss17.0 software. Students having weaker educational performance (4.32±1.1) gave lower marks to the teachers. Also, girl students (4.43±0.94) gave higher marks to them. Graduate students (4.54±0.79) gave higher marks to teachers. Female teachers (4.45±0.96) got higher marks. Teachers of general courses (4.48±0.937) have. Evaluation with the aid of students can be a valuable criterion to evaluate their professor’s performance and may cause them to excel their teaching abilities. However it should be mentioned that the factors that arent directly related to teaching activities of the professors may affect evaluation process. Hence the mere evaluation of the professors by their students cannot be a true factor to evaluate professors’ performances. Therefore there must be invoked other criteria and methods for that purpose for example evaluation by other colleagues.

Aims the goal of this study is to design and validate the favorable problem-based curriculum pattern in e-learning centers of Tehran’s state universities. MetodsTo do this, alignment plan has been used that is the most common approach in synthetic methods. 8 information providers have been chosen and interviewed from among this population by non-probable, targeted and snowball-type method. Interview with faculty members have been advanced up to the degree saturation of the research. To validate the research, 18 subjects have been chosen by dependent of degree of satisfaction which shows the rate of belief in the well-being of the subject, and they answered to the questionnaire achieved by Delphy method. To analyze the qualitative data, Van Mennen’s phenomenology approach and content analysis have been used to realize the meanings and latent contents in library texts. And to analyze the quantitative part, fuzzy factor analysis according to Fuzzy Sets Theory has been used. Results The focus of the experiential curriculum model as the basic model and the model of this study has dimensions 12 dimensions (objectives, environments, tools and infrastructure, instructor, learner, learning methods, space (environment), Time Basis. structure, valuation and strategy) are all elements of the PBL-based curriculum in high and very high levels in the PBL curriculum E-learning Centers are necessary Conclusion The result of the research shows that a favorable problem-based curriculum pattern in e-learning centers is made up of 12 dimensions (goals, environment, tools and infrastructure, instructor, learner, learning methods, area(environment), time, basics, structure, evaluation and strategy), that have a good structure validity.

Introduction and Currently, MS seminal course in many field of basic science students are held to taste and using standard and valid procedures and resources to improve students not paying attention. The purpose of this study was offer an applicable method in order to Process of teaching and presentation of seminar course for M.Sc. students. during 2009 to 2011, in cross-sectional study the measuring skills and activity of all available students were included. Two groups consist of five students were participated. 5 sessions of 2-hour seminar was conducted. The first meeting was for evaluating the student's academic level. The interval session was 20 to 30 days. Finally, the post test was taken out. The sum of the scores obtained were subject to descriptive analyzes. Result of this study was to design a questionnaire for evaluation skills students in seminal course. The most important issues were named as: Scientific survey, kind of knowledge production, self-reliance, competition, applicability, creativity and innovation, relying on domestic resources, the funds development, and make native knowledge. The pre test score for each issue was less than 50± 15. While, after conducting meeting five, the students were achieved score of at least 150 ± 25 of the 200 from each issue. This shows the three times improving capabilities of students. The final evaluation of student achievement scores was in 4500 ± 155 which were significant (P≤ 0.01). the process of presenting seminars was designed. The results revealed that this method could be based on several targets, including moving the frontier of knowledge, sources of knowledge, ways of the study, preventing of plagiarism, scientific review and analysis, can improve the student's creative power. Because of the student’s pre-test scores were 50± 15 while post test scores came out reached to 150± 25. Therefore, it is suggested that this method be used for all M.Sc students.