نشریه پژوهش های باستان شناسی ایران
پیاپی 5 (پاییز و زمستان 1392)

The first season of rescue excavation at East Chia Sabz resulted in distinguishing seven archaeological phases containing different material culture including architecture، ground stones، bone artifacts، human burial، plant and animal remains as well as a large amount of chipped stone artifacts، all spanning from the early 9th through early 7th millennium BC. The chipped stone artifacts of the site indicated technological changes from transitional Neolithic (ca. 9. 500-8. 000 BC) to the succeeding Aceramic Neolithic time (ca. 8. 000-6. 500 BC). It seems that chipped stone industry was firstly based upon flake or a combination of both blade and flake production in the lowermost phase which then changed into using pressure technique in the upper phase، in the way that M’lefatian tradition became predominant. At the same time، amorphous cores، uni/bidirectional flake cores and mixed cores were replaced by blade/bladelet cores such as bullet-shaped core around the beginning of the Neolithic period. It should be said that the lowermost phase of the site is entirely consisted of ash deposits، and this might have been resulted from seasonal occupation as seen at the basal layers of other sites. If so، a change from seasonal to the succeeding more permanent settlement in the upper phase is estimated. Such simultaneous change is also apparent at raw material. In the lowermost phase، locally-available reddish brown cobbles were mostly used to produce stone tools while the later phase was coincided by using flint too. Flint then became predominant through time. It is presumably believed that flint might have been exploited at a regional scale and distributed across the region. If so، a regional inter-relationship could be supposed for the Neolithic societies of Western Iran in the 8th millennium BC. Chemical sourcing analysis، however، will be informative to examine the nature of flint procurement in the region and that whether each settlement exploited it separately or it was limited to particular places. In addition، the three uppermost phases –dating from the late 8th to the early 7th millennium BC-witnessed a small amount of obsidian pieces which، as confirmed by a chemical analysis، imported from the Nemrut Dag source in southeastern Turkey. The presence of both obsidian core and debris could be taken as an indicator of on-site tool production. It is assumed that obsidian was imported through Western Zagros (Iraqi Kurdistan) since the late 8th millennium BC onward، and this issue might have been attributed to the role of nomadic society who were moving across the region and، therefore، distributed obsidian pieces among the villages. In sum، it should be noted that all changes seen in chipped stone industry of East Chia Sabz could be seemingly occurred at other simultaneous settlements across Western Iran. Stone artifacts of East Chia Sabz could be placed within a broader regional tradition which is originally derived from Zarzian. As mentioned above، some lithic criteria indicated a transition from late Epi-Paleolithic- Zarzian- to early Neolithic- M’lefatian. This issue is in line with locally occurrence of the Neolithization process in Western Iran. During the succeeding Neolithic period، however، M’lefatian tradition became prevalent. M’lefatian tradition was coincided with BAI and Navi-form cores in the western wing of the Fertile Crescent. The former is highly based on production of blade/let while the latter yielded various styles of arrow-head. This also، along with much more archaeological evidence، indicates a Neolithic world in Western Iran which was different from the Levant.

This paper is trying to introduce the sites، ceramic traditions and Chalcolithic settlement patterns of the Bijar County in the Qezel Awzan River basin which have been collected over six seasons of survey in the Bijar County. The total number of recorded sites are 76 attributed to the Chalcolithic Period. The history of sedentary life in the region it seems to be backed as early as the Middle Chalcolithic period along major watercourse and alluvial plain، suggesting the expansion of agricultural regime over the region. The lack of the earlier settlements before the Middle Chalcolithic period could be explained by existence of drier and cooler climate of the region as it is in other parts of the East Central Zagros. The number of middle chalcolithic sites reached to 56 and this period is characterized by three distinct Wares: Dalma Impressed، Red-slipped and Black-on-Buff while، the Late chalcolithic is characterized by Godin VII and VI and partially Pisdeli wars and the number of sites dropped to 33. Despite to dramatic change in the number of sites، the settlement patterns show major change. Here، in the Middle and Late Chalcolithic Period، three clusters of settlements can proposed: 1- Less than half a hectare، 2- Between half to three hectares and 3- Over three hectares. The dramatic reduction of sites and decrease of big sites with bigger than three hectares extent، and a tendency to occupy the early basin، suggesting an increasing reliance on proximate village-based herding or pastoralism. Several Middle Chalcolithic sites have abandoned، while the Late Chalcolithic sites are extended suggesting an emigration of people from Middle to Late chalcolithic sites or move from earlier to later sites. The rank-size models of settlement patterns show a wide range of differences، including central sites، sedentary sites and campsites. The first cluster includes sites with less than half a hectare and Part of these seem to be temporary campsites beyond the agricultural zone in the peripheries of the plain towards the grasslands. Moreover، proximity to the springs، intact area، small size، and the weak thickness of material culture، all refer to temporary use of the site clusters. The periphery of Bijar County in the Kurdistan province and other provinces is highland and it seems that has been occupied by specialized pastoralism and probably belongs to transhumance pastoralist peoples as this way of life is still common. The undertaken ethnoarchaeology studies by author showed that the transhumance practices in the contemporary village is currently available to observe. Transhumance pastoralism in the Chalcolithic Period can be suggested in the some sites having less than 500 m2، and even less than 150 square meters. Second parts of the first cluster are sites that located in the lowest area in the Bijar County proposed to practice transhumance pastoralist subsistence during all over the year. On the base of our data in the ethnoarchaeological survey، some of the village along the big river with lower bed were not able to control the river by the spring. The second group of sites distributed in all area including mountains، plains، along the river and streams، and based on settlement pattern، extension and the bulk of material culture، they could be sedentary villages. It is possible that the sites of this and third cluster can make the part of the first cluster. The third cluster are the sites that bigger than 3 hectares. These sites are located at the center of Plain close to the large river، where the paths have low elevation and could play a central role in the settlement pattern. Almost three clusters in both the Middle and Late Chalcolithic Period can be classified.

Human being has always been trying to adapt with environment. This adaptation has done through getting know to the environment and developing human cognition; it has gradually made human being dominant over the environment and moved him toward civilization. Through time، human being’s conscious has considered the earth as a place for living and its environmental factors as living necessities. This impression has created some myths and religions whose main structure has depended on environmental factors. The interaction in between human and environment is important in settlement pattern discussion، as human and environmental conditions have influenced each other in a same place; In other words، human has changed the environment to his advantage as much as affected by the environmental factors. This effect has made some changes in the environment and human behavior. What we know as culture –the human distinctive feature- is the result of this adaptation and behavior basically. The interaction between human being and environment either in the form of human effect on the environment or the environment effect on the human، cannot be considered out of the environment. According to an approach in archeology، environmental factors have an important role in assessing settlements in each period. In addition to the recognition of the degree of environmental impact، this approach makes the degree of adaptation of the habitats with the dominant environmental conditions possible. One of these approaches in archeological studies is the study of the settlement pattern and analysis investigating the formation process of archeological sites in environmental contexts. Kangavar plain by 800 km2 is one of the eastern plains of Central Zagros situated at west of Kermanshah province next to Asadabad and Nahavand plains. This plain was studied by Cuyler Young as a project “investigating the western areas of Iran and Kangavar plain” during 1961 and 1974. Using given approaches، present research has analyzed the settlement patterns according to previous studies and investigations. Considering the situation of Kangavar plain and its environmental potentials، some questions and hypotheses have raised on the manner of settlement distributions both in Chalcolithic and Bronze Ages، influential factors and components studying settlement distributions and manner of living as well; moreover، according to Processual theory، aiming to investigate the settlement patterns using statistical methods، site catchment area have analyzed. This study shows that Chalcolithic period settlements were depend on the width of the plain while the Bronze Age settlements depend on the borders of the plain and foothill slopes. Although، considering the amount of access to water sources، the settlement distributions in both periods are linear and depends on the permanent or seasonal water; the Chalcocite settlement patterns are more dependent on environmental factors such as permanent water sources and trade roads showing the great amount of dependency on farming and trade. Considering the presence of immigrant groups with Yanik culture and also the indigenous people occupied the desirable parts of the plain، we can conclude that the immigrant groups had to settle in undesirable parts of the plain which can be confirmed by their life on which based livestock breeding. According to the settlements’ distance from the trading roads، the width of the plain and vicinity to foothill zones، the residents of the Bronze Age were economically more dependent on life style based on livestock breeding which itself can be affected by the role of immigrant ranchers to Kangavar plain by the Early Bronze Age.

Huto cave is situated on the east of modern city of Behshahr in Mazandaran province in northern Iran. This cave and Kamarband (Belt) cave are located in a cliff on the northern slope of the Alborz Mountains close to the southeastern beach of Caspian Sea. An expedition mission from the University of Pennsylvania directed by Carleton Stevens Coon discovered and excavated these in 1949 and 1951. The aim was discovery the Paleolithic remains، but meanwhile Paleolithic excavation some material cultures from other periods were found as well. In Huto cave four tranches (A، B، C، and D) were excavated. As the result of the excavation، more than 13 meters of deposits were revealed، from which 22 samples for C 14 analysis determination dates were obtained. Coon arranged the results of this analysis into 8 groups or periods، dated back to the Mesolithic (or Epi Paleolithic) through Islamic Period. Among these periods، Iron Age with 12 samples was dated spanning between 1000 to 735 B. C. Iron Age materials in this cave reposed on the forth soil change in 4. 6 meters depth. The most significant finding from Iron Age in Huto cave was ceramic shards; part of which are preserved in Ceramic Department of National Museum of Iran. Aiming to do archaeological investigations، these shards have classified to 4 apart types: 1) Red Ware، 2) Gray Ware، 3) Gray Cooking ware، and 4) Brown Ware; this article will discuss the petrographic analysis of these types. Petrographic investigation is based on analysis of composition and other structural characteristics of the ceramics to distinguish the temper type of ceramics regarding their physical and chemical attribute، regional or trans-regional source of clay، temperature of baking kiln، and some of possible technical effects of potters. Overall، 98 shards from these 4 types were used to make thin sections; 45 samples from red ware، 7 samples from gray ware، 29 samples from gray cooking ware، and 10 samples from brown ware. The number of samples from each type was depends on its quantity، as red ware with 45 samples is the most numerous type and gray ware with 7 samples is the thinnest type. This research reveals some differences in combination and kind of temper. In gray cooking ware، a considerable quantity of calcite and shell were used as temper. Both of these materials are calcareous، a characteristic that probably the potter was aware of its practical benefit in production cooking ware. Silica is the typical temper in the red and gray wares، although little particles of mica and Feldspar are found in paste of the brown ware. It seems that the temperature of baking kiln was varied in different types، and probably different kilns were used to bake the different types، as the gray cooking ware was baked in 750 - 800o C، the red ware in lower than 900o C، the gray ware in about 900o C، and the brown ware in 950 – 1000o C. The brown ware has most variance compare to other types، regarding to quality and high temperature of baking، fine paste، and tiny temper; because of these attributes، it could have an origin out of the region. But، this idea needs additional investigations about the source of used clay in different ceramic types via more extensive research. This research could be an introduction to petrographic comparative investigations about Iron Age Pottery of the region.

Parthian sites on the northern coast of the Hormuz Strait were totally unknown till we increased our knowledge on the Parthian pottery from the Persian Gulf littorals in the recent years helping identify and record a large number of Parthian sites on the costs of the Hormuz Strait and Qeshm Island in particular. Surveys conducted on the Qeshm Island recorded 23 hinterland، littoral and burial sites. Though، the site location patterns remain intact، the results of these surveys suggest that by the Parthian period the number of sites and the population have increased with the sole exception being higher concentration of Parthian sites on the Turian plain and southern coasts of the Island (around the modern Bangali village). Areas on the Island which extent unsettled began to host some occupations particularly، on western half، and the dense settlements in the Turian plain remained unchanged، where the highest concentration of the 3rd millennium B. C. up to the Achamenid sites are attested. In fact، in the Parthian period the population growth sets the stage for the extension of the settlements to the hitherto unsettled areas of the Island as well. Moreover، the developed and expanded trade and establishment of adequate facilities related to exploitation of water and environmental resources leads to occupation of the coastal areas. The Parthian sites are larger than their earlier sites; the settlements all are in form of small or large sedentary villages or littoral sites and there is no large site with characteristics of an urban center was identified. In this period، Qeshm reflects cultural way of the southeastern regions in that the diagnostic wares of these regions (The coarse black ware) are present in the surface collections. The survey data of the Qeshm Island suggest a conspicuous increase in settlements and cemeteries during the Parthian period than those we know from Achamenid and Iron Age periods. The most significant interpretation one may infer، is that the maritime trade has splendored during the Parthian period، but it would not be the sole factor in wealth and economic prosperity of the Island. It should be emphasized that all coastal sites with exotic items should not be necessarily considered as trade center، but as they provided exotic items they may be included as a part of the indirect trade system; i. e. these items came to these sites from somewhere else of their origin، or these sites were mid-way sites to the final destination. These sites had not been established essentially as a trade center، but for other reasons، for example as small finishing villages. Although they were not as a trade center، but has had easy access to exotic items likewise. Dofari، Ramchah and Laft 1 were such sites. Close resemblance between Parthian ceramics of Qeshm sites with those of northern and southern coasts of the Persian Gulf suggests some interactions and indicate the incorporation of inhabitants of these sites into a larger network. But where these potteries came from? Considering the large distribution of pottery in these sites، it seems that the production of pottery was a specialized business which would not have took place in sedentary sites. There are some sites، for example، in Minaab area that were workshop and industrial in character. It seems that Qeshm Island was a hybridization zone for two regional traditions (Southeastern Iran and Southeastern Arabia)، because there are frequent examples of painted، coarse black ware with red and brown slip and glazed ware which were recovered from the sites of Southeastern Iran and southern coasts of the Persian Gulf.

Ancient metalwork as an industrial craft has an scope of processes which range from extraction، smelting or melting of metal ores to production and distribution of metallic objects through trade. Depending on the specific metallurgical process، evidence remains from each of these underlined processes which through study can offer an insight to not only the metallurgical aspects but also on the socio-economic impacts of the metal industry. Given the importance of metal ores in socio-economic life، even after the establishment of Islam in the territories rich in metal resources، the mining and production of metal in lands such as Iran، were continued applying the indigenous technical knowledge. Historians and geographers of the Islamic era have given accounts of the richness and high quality of metal ores in the Nishabur region; rich in copper، iron، silver and gold. The importance of Nishabur as a major city in Khorasan، and its politico-economic status during the Islamic era up to 12th Century A. D.، made it into a densely populated city with an extensive and vivid social life which was supported by grand and rich bazaars. Nishabur’s bazaars were occupied by merchants and different craftsmen including smiths. There are different known types of metal objects excavated from Nishabur or some objects bearing the Nishaburian smiths’ signature. Also there are several collections of coins which have been minted at Nishabur as one of the minting centers in the Islamic world before the Mongol invasion. Through the study of first-class written sources and archaeological field surveys، this essay is trying to find evidences of metallurgical works such as mining and smelting in Nishabur by taking into consideration the historical and economic status of the city. Studies were conducted to find the relation between metallurgical workshops and mines، and in term identifying the technology employed in smelting operations. The methodology of the archeological field studies selected for the present study consisted of a comprehensive field survey as well as intensive survey of the Central and the Mianjolgeh districts of modern Nishabur County. The comprehensive survey focused on rural habitats as ancient section of the sustained life in the region of Nishabur. The significance of villages as the focal point of the comprehensive survey in this research is due to the fact on which based the texts study، written references and local data they have mostly preserved their original names، ancient sites and indigenous ethnics. Stressing the ancient nature of most villages and using the knowledge of the residents in each village (local living data)، the surrounding zones of the villages were surveyed to detect the significant distribution of witnesses of mining and exploration، industrial premises (premises for metal extraction) and living quarters. Each of the identified premises was individually subjected to an intensive survey and study the extent of archeological data and understand the features of mine exploration and metalworking as well.

It is the fact that Baluchistan land has abundant settlements during the Islamic period; however، investigation of Islamic potteries have been rarely considered by the scholars and archeologists of the Islamic Period، unfortunately. Aiming to get this، it was decided to survey and examine the Islamic potteries collected from the survey performed on the towns of Nikshahr and Chabahar in Sistan & Baluchistan province carried out by Rouhollah Shirazi during the years 2002 and 2009 respectively; then، it was aimed to provide the results in form of the mentioned thesis titled “survey of the Pottery Samples Collected from the Islamic Ages in Nikshahr and Chabahar”; moreover، to study (classify، perform typology، and typological comparison) all of the 474 pieces of the Islamic potteries obtained from Nikshahr and Chabahar region consequently. According to the performed studies the following results were obtained: 1- Results of the present study shows that the Sgrafitto decorated pottery is the common type of the Islamic period pottery in Iranian Baluchistan which regarding to the typological comparison with regions such as Nishabur، Jiroft، Sirjan، Pishavar، Bamian، and Kush have been popular and prevalence in this area by the 4th to 11th AH centuries. 2- Survey and comparison of the quality of designs of potteries in species such as “Painting under turquoise glazed “and “Blueand White” show that they have designs from other regions; it can be clearly realized that the Islamic potteries are ranked in lower levels in terms of quality of decorated designs- color adornment- compared to main pottery production centers in Iran and other Islamic countries and lack of even one piece of pottery with painting on glaze like Zarinfam، Silhoto، and enamel potteries، denotes the fact that potters of Iranian Baluchistan had insufficient skill in this decorative technique. 3- As mentioned before، regarding to the pottery typology of the region and their similarity to the potteries related to the Great Khorasan، Sistan، and Jazmourian region، cultural relationship among these regions can be apparently perceived. Moreover، survey and comparison of the potteries of the region with those from other countries such as Syria، Iraq، Egypt، United Arab Emirates، Turkey، and China، it can be concluded that the Iranian Baluchistan (Nikshahr and Chabahar region) had extensive communications and cultural and artistic similarities with other regions. 4- Due to their high similarities with Great Khorasan potteries، Sistan and Jazmoryan and Jiroft area especially، their cultural connections can be clearly realized. Comparing these potteries with Syria، Iraq، Egypt، UAE، Turkey and China، It can be said that the Iranian Baluchistan (the areas of Chabahar Nikshahr) has extensive connections with other areas in terms of the art and equality culture. In terms of form and technique، the lack of sufficient pottery data found from Baluchistan region and the diversity of this study they are very similar to the pottery from neighbor regions، proved by studying the Pottery in structure، techniques، designs leading to have effective help getting know to Islamic pottery of Iranian Baluchistan (Nikshahr and Chabahar). Generally، the study shows that the Baluchistan (Nikshahr and Chabahar region) had a good advancement in pottery production and expanded cultural and artistic relations with the neighbor regions، far reaching lands during the Islamic period (4th - 11th centuries).

In its lifetime، Iranian architecture has had the great masterpieces of the great achievements. One of the most prominent buildings that have not been properly studied، is Gunbad-I-Qabus which despite of more than a thousand years and devastating factors، has stood proud and strong with minor repairs. This study is an attempt to introduce the building of Gunbad-I-Qabus scientifically، and represent the culture-historical contexts، the potential source of architectural and principles and design rules dominating architectural specific techniques and measures leading to its long-term survival. Here، we rely on the field and library studies results while introducing Gunbad-e Qabus building scientifically، looking at technical and structural features of its long-term sustainability and culture-historical contexts of the creation of this masterpiece. Gunbad-e Qabus was built on top of a hill on the north side of the Gunbad-e Qabus city، 3 km from the remains of the ancient city of Gorgan. It is made of three distinct parts with finned cylindrical plan consisting of foundation، stem، and dome. The foundation of building is 17/08 m in diameter with a depth of about 9/80 meters and a volume of about 2،200 cubic meters was made in the cylindrical form. Compared to other monuments of Iran، it seems to be one of the greatest foundations implemented. This study shows that despite of the very limited use of ornaments، the splendor and beauty of this special building is remarkable which can be compared to the Cyrus the Great’s tomb in Pasargadae. Designers and architects of these two figures have been inspired by statue architecture in the design in which the building is designed and constructed so that it has beautiful and magnificent view of the different directions; thus، the interior is usually not considered as exterior. Moreover، sustainability is an important part on which based using the extraordinary measures. Compared to other buildings، building the greatest foundation، design according to the strict rules of geometry، golden proportions، rhythmic strain in the walls harnessing the driving force the finned design along with ornamental aspects leading to the better stability، high conical dome as an umbrella encircling the hull and resistant materials are among these measures. Gunbad-I-Qabus has made for the memorial of the wise and the ruler of Ziyari Dynasty. It is classified as one of the tomb-towers of early centuries of northern Iran، but compared to them and later samples، it has certain dignity. Gunbad-e Qabus building enjoys a powerful plan which cannot be seen at any precedent samples. The samples which have been built immediately after that in northern region of Iran do not appear to be similar to Gunbad-I-Qabus while they have richer decorations. It probably is rooted in the traditions of Sassanid architecture of Persia. This study showed that the Gunbad-I-Qabus architects had achieved great progress in the design، choice of materials and construction of large projects، although the absence or rarity of written records and documents prevent us from understanding the architecture and the architectural achievements of this historical period. However، this building was constructed in the golden age of Islamic civilization and the emergence of scholars، writers، architects، artists and craftsmen and this level of sophistication is justified. The most important thing about building of Gunbad-I-Qabus، is its relationship with socio-political upheavals; the Construction coincided with the great deep “Iranian identity revival” shaping the national and local government، reviving the Persian language and Iranian traditions.

Ever since man discovered metal، he got familiar with its properties and its importance in making glass objects like tools and implementing them in war، bowl، ewer، coins، and other items. Metalworking art contains antiquity history in Iranian art and the diffusion of metal has allocated clear periods in the Iranian art and archaeology such as Bronze and Iron Ages. Unique treasures of metalworking works have obtained during archaeological excavations and finally decorated the Museum of Iran and the World; the most important collection of metal objects have found from Marlik، as well as a series of Luristan bronze and many other series. Moreover، metal have emerged considerably over history for example Media، Achamenid، Parthian، and Sassanid)، but Sassanid metalwork has an important role shaping the Islamic Art، especially metalwork. Khorasan Metalwork School (1-7 centuries AD) techniques and concepts of structural motives which have been indebted. Islamic art in the form and contents of various motives of a variety of plants، animals، humans، geometric، graphic scrolls can be seen in Iranian metal-working art; one of which is a written inscription (pre-Islamic) containing themes such verses، poems، names/dates of the manufacturing، and praying. This study is focused on the inscriptions of Quranic verses written on the metalwork during Safavid and Qajar Periods. Regarding to this، these periods are in a great position compare to the other periods، especially religiously studying its influence on decorative motif art. Metalworkers in these two periods of two important principles of Shi’ism and nationalism were inspired to create works of art، and these principles are seen in artwork. Islamic art can be seen in various formats and contents in Iranian metalworking. Quranic inscriptions on various lines such as Kufic، Thoth، Naskh، and other writing styles have been seen on works of art، and their visual beauty with mystical and spiritual themes contains valuable messages for artists and visitors over times. The metal samples studied in this research، that is، documentation of the metallic treasures of the National Museum of Iran، are decorated with Quranic inscriptions. According to this grouping، such as the content and form: (1) aspects of protection from disasters، (2) relevance of divine objects، (3) signs associated with victory on military works، (4) protection as part of other works in verses 256-257 of Surah Baqara، 59 Al Nam، and (6) GH، Surah Fatehah، 3 and 4 Surah Tawheed، 13 Surah Saf have studied. The research method is descriptive-analytical with a visit to the National Museum of Iran; the aim of research is matching، explanation، and interpretation of Quranic inscription themes in Safavid and Qajar Periods metalworking. The research question is what Quranic inscriptions do with metalworking in terms of content and themes? Our assumption suggests that the theme and content of the Quran is proportional with the function of metalworking. The inference is that the Quranic verses can be seen less than other inscriptions because of their sacredness and prohibition of touch of Quran without ablution. This subject has more evidence، especially in the case of works that have daily use. The metalworking are various in typologies as include Quran box، sword، and Cup of forty Keys (Chehel Kelid) which are decorated with Quranic inscriptions، if fit with their function. This expresses the artist’s familiarity with Quran because they are able to show beauty works with love and humility.

Geomatics engineering and its methods as a set of most efficient ways in geometrical measuring، analyzing and interpreting the issues in the field of cultural heritage have shed light on the way the professionals and experts are looking for to solve the problems. The importance of this science can be paid attention to in determining the scientific branches consisting of photogrammetry، remote sensing، scan laser، land survey and geographical information system in different fields of cultural heritage such as documentation، architecture، archeology and restoration as the most pivotal points in this paper which are sought for in terms of accuracy in final products، time and cost of production، storage and management of information. The issue of geometrical measurements such as those in research and executive matters of cultural heritage are considered important. the necessity to locate the situation of features، awareness of physical conditions and environment topography of surrounding sites، providing the maps of site plan، and profiles of feature profiles، producing the geometrical models of restoration and reconstructing cultural and historical objects are among the applications which make the importance of geometrical measurements more obvious. This is a descriptive-analytic research based on library data and content analysis. in this study، public documents and first hand sources such as face to face interview with the officials involved and scientific validated books were used to extract the information along with specialized magazine and international websites. This paper aims to determine the most important parameters raised in each of applications regarding the requirement، definition and applied flowcharts in units and organizations related to cultural heritage. In fact، through the photogrammetric measurement، we can obtain a network model in GIS as a new method to use the application of archeological data. If 3-dimensional dependence between the fields can bring about simpler understanding and completion of descriptive data so that spatial analysis tools in GIS can interpret the field data having been taken، the hypotheses proposed can be regarded as the following: Regarding the researchers done، it can be said that geomatics engineering can play a role in cultural heritage applications including excavations or dating the objects. it seems that geomatics engineering can be used as a science of collecting data، interpretation and analysis of data particularly in the earth surface and modeling and management of reference data in cultural heritage. Generally، geomatics science is related to feature and structure of spatial data، methods of collection، organization، classification، quality control، management analysis and presentation of data along with a system to use the data. The comparison of traditional methods with modern methods، presenting approaches and measures and methods responding the needs through geomatics science methods and paving the grounds to standardize these methods are achievements which this paper attempts to derive for experts and researchers to use in their field studies. Geomatics is related to a wide range of sciences، each of which can be used for displaying an image of physical world، including remote sensing، photogrammetry، surveying، GIS، global position system، environment، underground resource management، land survey، sustainable development، coast management، and urban planning. Geomatics can be used in archeology to attain accurate and exact results. Investigating the stance of geomatics in the application of cultural heritage as the main focus of this research leads us to assess the grounds of cultural heritage in which there is the possibility of geometrical measurements by the methods of geomatics engineering. Integrating the enriched visual models with descriptive data is applicable if we can access the tools of spatial analysis with GIS support following the field operations and lab works. This can help the students to get the profound understanding of archeology.