پژوهشنامه بازرگانی
پیاپی 68 (پاییز 1392)

This research was conducted to introduce a model for development of High Tech. services export for Islanic Republic of Iran. It was implemented as a correlation research by using casual model. Statistical sample of the study consisted of 555 people in Iran. 22 researchers were randomly selected based on Cochran's sampling methodology. Researchers instrument consisted of Likert five points scale for latent variables measurement. Validity of the questionnaire was analyzed using Average Variance Extracted (AVE) that is a method of discriminant validity. Also composite reliability coefficients were calculated for the questionnaire's parts. These amounts show that questionnaire has a high ability for data gathering. Structural equation modeling was employed by LISREL 8.54 software package. The results of research showed that basic antecedents, competitiveness antecedents and stability antecedents are identified as core variables. At the end of paper some recommendations are forwarded.

In this paper we study the determinants of bilateral trade between IRAN and European Union,ECO, (P)GCC and ASEAN countries in the period 1995-2009, using a dynamic panel data. The findings indicate that Iran’s trade flows follow the Linder hypothesis..Results show that geographical distance coefficient is negative and significant; trade increases if the transportation costs decrease. We also introduce the economic dimension and income per-capita; these proxies confirm the positive effects on bilateral trade. Our results also show that there is no significant relationship between foreign direct investment and trade.

The paper aims to discuss the notions of service value chains and service chain management (SvcCm) and present a framework for planning resources in service organizations. The aforementioned plan should be devised in a way that the total idle time of customers and resources would be minimized considering the structure of service sections, leading to the satisfaction of customers. Therefore, in the present paper these objectives are achieved by applying a balanced approach for identifying related indices and critical factors in service companies. Accordingly, based on the survey from the experts in this field, first, a list of these indices is extracted. Second, they are categorized by factor analysis (FA) and assessed respectively by SPSS and analysis of variance (ANOVA). Finally, the indices were ranked based on the expert's view and the most influential factors in service companies are discussed according to the numerical results of the questionnaires.

Developing countries still seek increased flexibility in applying the agreed rules on some products in the name of advancing their longer run economic and social development. WTO members accepted the importance of different treatment for some products and agreed that based on three criteria of food security, livelihood security and rural development needs, developing country members will have the flexibility to designate and appropriate number of products as 'Special Product's (SPs). Since agriculture In Iran, accounts for significant portions in different macroeconomic\ indices such as GDP, employment and non-oil exports, identifying special products will help policy makers and negotiators for preparing in the process of accession to WTO. Hence, this study seeks to advance the understanding of SP and more specifically identifying special products with the usage of several indicators presented internationally, for Iran. Then it aims to set them ordered through numerical taxonomy approach. The results show that 35 products as well as 66 6-digits tariff lines are the most vulnerable Iranian agricultural products in the context of food security, livelihood security and rural development in process of trade liberalization.

One of the main instances of Industrial property, as one of the two branches of intellectual property law, is Trade Name which takes into account a very valuable asset of trade markets. In spite of this importance, the concept of Trade Name has been used incorrectly by some concepts like, Trade Mark, Geographical indication, Domain name, Brand and Trade registration in some internal and international texts and it (improper use) is seen, even in some specialized intellectual property writings, too. Perhaps, non stipulation to the concept of Trade Name in the international conventions related to the intellectual property is one of the main reasons of this improper use. Further than theoretic aspect, the distinction between Trade name and similar concepts, have a practical aspect for legislatures as well as the owners of Trade names too; so the present article aims at filling the existing shortage in the legal literature of the state at this field, by defining the concept of Trade Name (First paragraph) and it’s distinction between similar concepts(Second paragraph), according to a comparative and analytical study.

On the basis of economic literature related to foreign trade, absorption of technical and managerial knowledge in the process of foreign research and development(R & D) spillover and its compliance with the domestic production conditions require capital investment in the training of the skilled and efficient workforce. The present study aims to answer the basic question that whether the separate and interactive effects of foreign R & D spillover and human capital has been able to enhance the technical efficiency of production factors provided in the importing countries? For this purpose and in order to investigate the effect of foreign R&D spillover and human capital on technical efficiency of factors of production, stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) inspired from Battese and Coelli (1995) model is used to analyse the subject in 23 countries, including 10 countries in second stage of development and 13 countries in third stage of development during the time period 1996-2006. Results show that accumulation of foreign research and development spillover of G7 trade partners, accumulation of domestic research and development, educational expenditures as a sign of educated human capital and life expectancy as a sign of healthy human capital have positive and significant effects on technical efficiency of factors of production in countries under the study, but the level of effect on reduction of technical inefficiency of the countries in third stage of development is more than this effect on the countries in second stage of development.

The purpose of this study is conceptualization of Integrated Brand Engagement (IBE) through inductive approach based on data collected from interviewees in Iran automotive market. By using grounded theory for collecting the data; we theorize the process of shaping IBE. In this theory, the "Brand Equity" is the central phenomenon; “Integrated Marketing Communication (IMC) " is causal conditions. The manifestation of central phenomenon expressed in a set of actions and interactions, which is referred to as “Customer Engagement". On the other hand, Integrated Brand Communication (IBC) (as context conditions) or Shareholders Engagement elements (as intervening conditions) will stabilize and expand such an engagement. The main consequence of this phenomenon is “Brand Engagement “leading to increasing the engagement of customers, staffs and shareholders and consequently the value of brand. These conditions cause all people who directly and/or indirectly are involved with brand to advocate the mentioned brand because they would have sense of belongingness and engagement to the brand even if they have not bought the product.

This paper is aiming at reviewing the trade policies for the Iranian steel industry and calculating the equivalent tariffs for that using GATT/WTO methodology for the years 1997 to 2009. The research findings reveal that trade protection has been decreasing except for Iron and non-alloy steel in ingots and shapes and sections of iron over the period. The average for equivalent tariffs includes a wide range i.e. between -13 to 27. For all products, the minimum protection was in 1998 or 1999 and the maximum support for trade products has been in the recent decade (2000-2010). In all cases, the prices in the domestic market have always been increasing. Approximately, in all cases, CIF imported price has seen an increasing trend. For products that equivalent tariff is positive and more than nominal tariff, imported tariff rate for these products are equivalent tariff rate, which is 61% for Iron and non-alloy steel in ingots, 4% for Semi-finished products of iron, 15% for Flat-rolled products of iron, HR, non-clad and 20% for shapes and sections of iron. For products that equivalent tariff is positive but less than nominal tariff, non tariff barriers do not protect and tariff rate is nominal tariff rate, which is (4 or 10)% for Flat rolled prod of iron, CR, non-clad and (10 or 15)% for Bars and rods.