نشریه روان پرستاری
سال دوم شماره 1 (پیاپی 5، بهار 1393)

family environment is very vital and important to development of family members. Children who are rising up in Dynamic family environment are resilience to facing life problems. Some children and adolescents like orphans do not have enough chance to experience the warmth and emotional atmosphere of family. The present study aimed to compare early maladaptive schemas, irrational beliefs and communicational skills between orphan and non-orphan adolescences. The research method was a causal- comparative approach. The sample of research consisted of 116 female adolescences (56 of them were orphan and 60 others were non-orphan adolescences), the participants mean age was between 12-18 years old. The nonorphan adolescents were selected by available sampling and the other orphan group was elected by targeting sampling. The data gathering was carried out according to three questionnaires including; Young schema questionnaire short form, factor Irrational beliefs Test-Ahwaz (4IBT-A) and communication skills Test-Revised. The research data were analyzed by descriptive statistical methods including; Mean and Standard Deviation. Also, inferential statistical methods like; one -way analysis of variance (ANOVA), Multiple-way analysis of variance (MANOVA) and t-test student for independent groups. Then all data were entered to computer using SPSS package version 16. The findings indicated that there was a significant difference between total early maladaptive schemas scores and the sub-scales including; emotional deprivation, abandonment/instability, distrust/misbehave, social isolation/alienation defectiveness/ shame, failure, depended/incompetence, harm to self and obedience among orphan and non- orphan adolescences(p<0.01). While, there was no significant difference between two research groups in irrational beliefs and communicational skills except the assertiveness score. This difference was one of the sub-scales in relationship skills. The non-orphan adolescents had acquired better score than orphan adolescents in assertiveness skill. the results indicated that create proper conditions in childhood period for satisfying the basics needs of children like secure attachment especially for orphans child is very vital and important. Orphans are deprived from secure and stable family atmosphere. So, for better bringing up and preventing those from psychological problems creating the secure and healthy attachment in childhood period is necessary.

The Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) is one of the few instruments to measure a global level of perceived stress, and has been widely used in a range of clinical and research settings. The main purpose of the present study was to investigate psychometric properties of the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) among cancer patients. The exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis methods and internal consistency coefficients were used to compute the PSS's factorial validity and reliability, respectively. This study 155 cancer patients (119 female, 36 male) completed the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). The results of principal component analysis (PC) with varimax rotation replicated 2-factor structure of perceived self-efficacy and perceived helplessness for cancer patients. Goodness-of-fit indices of confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the 2 extracted factors. Internal consistency coefficients for perceived self-efficacy, perceived helplessness and total perceived stress were 0/80, 0/60 and 0/76, respectively. In sum, The PSS appears to be a psychometrically sound instrument for measuring psychological perceived stress for Iranian cancer patients.

Heart failure patients believe that physical and psychological symptoms and worries about life and death are characteristics of disease in their life and in this context, there is no specific and culturally appropriate tool to measure their illness related worries. This study was conducted for development & psychometric properties evaluation of Illness Related Worries Questionnaire (IRWQ) in heart failure patients. In this quantitative-qualitative study, based on the findings obtained from interviews with 22 heart failure patients from patients of Hazrat e Rasool e Akram, Imam Hossein and Shariati Hospitals in Tehran in 2013, literature, and the designed questionnaires about illness related worries, primary items associated illness related worries in heart failure patients, were developed. After measuring face validity and content validity, the construct validity and reliability of the questionnaire was assessed on 130 patients with heart failure. The data were analyzed using SPSS software, version 19. With face validity and content validity questionnaire was created with 23 items and four factors (9 items on first factor, 8 items on second factor, 4 items on third factor and 2 items on fourth factor). These dimensions were labeled: "cognitive independence" and "functional independence" as a subset of "independence" and "worry about future of disease" and “psycho-physical worry” as a subset of "worries related to symptoms”. Reliability of illness related worries questionnaire was calculated 0.90 by using Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient and 0.89 by using split-half method. Result of this study showed that illness related worries questionnaire is adequate, valid and reliable. Thus, using this questionnaire can be useful in doing further researches related to worries in different patients.

Sexuality is fundamental to health, quality of life, and general well-being. Sexual intimacy have important role in creation of sexual satisfaction and consequently in marital satisfaction. The present study investigated the impact of sex education on sexual intimacy of married women. The research design is a quasi-experimental and type of pretest-posttest and follow-up with a control group. The study population all married women referred to a Hamyaran Salamat Ravan institute in Bojnurd city, about the summer of 2013 formed calls for participation in training sessions to marital relations were to improve their. The sample included 48 eligible women who were selected with convenience sampling and randomly exposure in experiment and control groups. The data gathering tools were researcher-made questioners of sexual intimacy that were made by participants at pre-test, post-test, and follow-up (two months) phases was completed. 6 sessions of two hour sexual education were implemented every week for test group but there was no intervention for control group. The data were analyzed by SPSSv.18 software and by covariance analysis method. The results showed that sex education increases sexual intimacy of women experimental group in post-test (F=138.13, P<0.01) and follow-up (F=132.83, P<0.01), significantly. Sex education is effective in improvement of sexual intimacy and it results in satisfactory sexual relationship. We can use the sex education for enhancing couples’ sexual relationships.

Workplace violence against nurses is a complex phenomenon and many factors are involved in its creation. Also, until now only the viewpoint of nurses about this phenomenon were investigated. So, the aim of present study was to investigate the perception of patients about the nature of workplace violence against nurses in Tabriz educational centers. In this descriptive study 384 patients who hospitalized in medical –surgical wards of Tabriz educational centers in 2012 were participated using simple random method. The data gathering instrument was a modified version of workplace violence in health sectors designed by World Health Organization. Data analysis was performed using SPSS (version 13) software. Patients reported 204 occurrence of workplace violence during their hospitalization in verbal (66.2%), cultural (19.1%), sexual (9.8%) and physical (4.9%) types. Patients and their companions were the most actors of workplace violence. Most frequent reason for workplace violence was inappropriate encounter of health care personnel with patients and their companions and most frequent reaction of nurses to workplace violence was doing nothing. Results of this research confirm the high prevalence of workplace violence against Iranian nurses. It seems that maybe by enhancing communication skills of nurses, education of patients and stiff follow up of violence instances the high prevalence of workplace violence against nurses may decrease.

Positive and healthy relationships with others are the key to the growth and perfection of human beings and establish good interpersonal relationships is the most important factors of successful nursing profession. The aim of the study was to determine the association between attachment style and nurses interpersonal relationship. In this descriptive study, 260 of nurses were selected by random stratified sampling method in educational hospitals of Hamadan University of Medical Sciences in 2013. The instrument used included: Revised adult attachment scale (RAAS), and the scale of interpersonal relations from the Bar-Oven emotional intelligence questionnaire. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistic (Mean, standard deviation and error standard deviation) and inferential statistic (One-way ANOVA and post hoc Scheffe’s test). The results showed that majority of nurses (30.76%) were between secure attachment style and interpersonal relationships with correlation (P≤0.01), indicating that nurses with secure attachment had better interpersonal relationships. attachment style is effective and important in interpersonal relationships. People who have secure attachment, their interpersonal relationships are better established and this has impact on their professional activities. Keywords: attachment style, interpersonal relationship, nurses.

Depression is one of the most common psychiatric disorders that its prevalence has been reported to be 10-64% among university students. Due to coping skills to solve problems may differ by individual, their depression is associated with problem-solving deficits. The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of Problem solving on depression of nursing student. A quasi-experimental study was conducted among 57 nursing students had condition to enter the study and randomly assigned to either experimental (with 30 students) or control groups(with 27 students). The experimental group received 7sessions (two sessions per week) problem solving training. For the control group did not receive any intervention. one week later, the test beck of both groups was reassessed. The data collection tools were questionnaire, demographic information and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI).To analyze and collect data, chi-square, ttests and paired t-test were utilized. Findings showed no significant difference in depression variables before the intervention in the both groups (P>0.05) but significant differences were found between post depression mean between experimental and control group (P<0.05). The difference became significant after the intervention in the experimental group (P<0.05). According to this study the problem solving skills in students a positive impact on reducing depression. Learning these skills can lead to mental health promotion, it is Therefore, holding workshops and master classes at the University of Problem solving skills in order to promote mental health and reduce the severity of depressive proposed.

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease that causes airways hypersensitivity, mucosal edema and mucus production. Asthma can affect on the performance of patients and limit physical activity, anxiety, depression and decrease in patients quality of life. This study has been made with this aim to determine the relationship between mental health and quality of life in patients with asthma. In this analytic correlation study, 135 asthmatic patients who referred to Affiliated Clinics of shiraz university of medical science were selected via Census sampling method in 1392. Data were gathered by General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) and asthma quality of life questionnaire. In order to analyze the collected data, SPSS V.18 software with Spearman's correlation coefficient and t-test were conducted. Results showed that there was a significant correlation between all domains of quality of life and patients mental health domains (P<0/001), and The mean of depression score of general health in women was more than men (P<0/001). The mean score of quality of life in men was more than women (P=0/004). According to these findings it is concluded that domains of quality of life in asthmatic patient, consist of: symptoms and signs, phisical activity, etihical performance, scocial performance and perception of health were correlated with all domains of mental health. Therefore special care in the field of psychology can be advantageous for these patients and provide for them a better life.