مجله پژوهش های مالیه اسلامی
سال یکم شماره 1 (تابستان 1392)

One of the main challenges in teaching economics in Iran is the lack of accordance with Islamic principles. Although attempts have been made to Islamization these texts, the spirit of the books and papers on the economy still has a Western flavor. On the other hand, sources and books on Islamic economics especially Islamic banking have higher management-accounting approach and less considered Islamic banks as the firms with economics behaviors. The purpose of this paper is to propose and evaluate advanced topics (chosen topics) in Islamic Banking with economic approach. In this paper the topics such as the nature of monetary in Islamic economy, firm theory and Islamic banking, portfolio theory in Islamic banking, central banking in Islamic economy, and survey of techniques for measuring the efficiency of Islamic banks has been discussed in detail.

It is evident that food taxes and subsidies, by changing the prices, affect the consumers’ purchasing power and welfare. Therefore, with respect to the “economic alteration scheme”, whose one main point is to target the subsidies, it is necessary to study the effects of all kinds of taxes and subsidies on poverty rate based on different theoretical foundations and models. The aim of this paper, based on Son-Kakwani model, by computing the price elasticity of poverty for taxed and subsidized food commodity groups in the years 2000-2004 and using these elasticities is to determine whether these taxes and subsidies are pro-poor or not. Meanwhile, in the methodology section, it will be shown that the price elasticity of poverty can be computed without having to estimate a poverty function.

This study aims to examine factors affecting taxpayers from tax escaping. And after identification of these factors, it is going to offer suggestions for reducing tax evasion. This study follows the issues that how much political, economic, social,­ technological, legal and environmental factor which are the constituent factor of external (social) setting and are derived from PESTLE model, impact on tax escaping.This research is an applied research from field branch due to gathering data by questionnaire. Statistical community was in 2 groups, the first one were experts of tax collecting and the second were taxpayers in Isfahan. To determine the sample size of society we used "Cochran" formula and final sample size was 87 experts of tax determiners and 198 taxpayers. The results show that from the business taxpayers’ point of view, political and economical factors have the most significant impact and environmental factor has the least impact and on sight of experts of tax collecting, political, economical and legal factors have the most impact and environmental factor has the least one

Empirical studies about the short and long run effect of exchange rate on current account can be put into two categories. The first group is studies which have used foreign trade data in aggregate level, i.e. foreign trade data among a country and the world, and the second one is those including present study that is mainly related to recent studies and employs bilateral foreign trade data among a country and its partners.The purpose of this paper is to study the existence of bilateral J curve among Iran and selected Asian and European Partners including China, United Arab Emirates, France, Germany and Switzerland by using Autoregressive Distributed Lags (ARDL) model and annual data during time period 1979-2006. Based on the obtained results, only the bilateral J Curve among Iran and United Arab Emirates is confirmed. Furthermore, the time interval for improving the current account among Iran and its partners is different. It’s mentionable that all estimated coefficients are stable based on CUSUMSQ and CUSUM Tests.

This paper discusses the relationship between government expenditure productivity and optimal government size in OPEC. To get this aim, the Barro endogenous growth model, extended by Karras, is put into effect. Combinative data for OPEC over 1970-2006 time period is applied in order to estimate Karras model. The results show that, labor productivity is greater than capital productivity and also, government expenditure productivity is lower than 1 which is equal to 0.51. So the Barro rule is violated and this means that the government size in these countries is higher than optimum. Average government size and also optimal government size in Iran, in compare with other OPEC members’ government, is higher. Optimal government size for OPEC-members countries is about 22.11 per cent.

Jurists, distinguished senior authorities and lawyers, have provided several solutions for the pre-sale and the possibility of its realization in the form of futures sales. The purpose of this paper is to study the strategies for such transactions. The result of the study show that pre-sale is not synonymous withfutures contract. But it is a broad concept that can include a wide variety of sales and contracts. Examples of different forms of pre-selling in today's society have emphasized the need for a comprehensive and integrated legislation and developing uniform standard relationships

Banking is one of the important elements of an economic system. Since banks are established and managed by investments and funds of a group of people, they are considered as an example of Muslims’ public treasury. It is rationally and religiously essential to protect people's assets in order to promote economic development and justice. In such circumstances, risk management will become a vital component of financial and credit activities. Among the types of risks faced by banks and financial institutions, credit risk is of special importance. Quantification and measurement of credit risk made customer validation essential for its proper management before granting facilities.Several verses in the Holy Quran are about the etiquette and rules of business and its related margins. Using the descriptive analysis method and also the evidence extracted from the Quran, traditions and jurisprudential origins, this paper tries to examine the rationale of customer validation for granting facilities and present a proper model for it. As a final point, it presents a model called "the Islamic Model" indicating the criteria derived from verses and traditions for customer validation. This model includes indicators (parameters) such as gain and profit, security, operational efficiency and competence, contract, credit behavior, awareness and knowledge, and view of the future.