مجله تحقیقات نظام سلامت
سال نهم شماره 12 (اسفند 1392)

In order to fit the job physiologically to the worker, understanding of acceptable work load is very important. This study was conducted to estimate energy expenditure during the work and associated factors among male workers of a steel industry. In this cross-sectional study, 100 male workers employed in Foolad Payeh Fars with dynamic job participated voluntarily. Data collection tools were included the questionnaire and SWE checklist. The questionnaire consisted of two parts. In the first part, demographic, and in the second part anthropometric and physiological characteristics were included. Mean (standard deviation) of age of workers was 30.84 (6.59) years. Worker’s energy expenditure was estimated to be 2.81±0.809 Kcal.min-1. The results showed that there was association between energy expenditure with resting heart beat, working heart beat, height, weight and BMI while no association was found between energy expenditure with age, job tenure. Energy expenditure had association with resting heart beat, working heart beat, height, weight, BMI.

Today discussion thermal comfort due to technology advances and equipment application in the workplace For government and non-governmental organizations managers in the Industrial and non-industrial environments, especially hospitals staff due to the diversity of people employed and the type of work they are doing of particular importance. This study was conducted to evaluate the thermal comfort alzahra hospital staff in Isfahan. This cross-sectional study, As the studied population was all employees who worked in the basement floor of the hospital. Sampling method was through census and 161 Sample volume. Data were collected both Through the subjective evaluation by a questionnaire and Through physical measurement by WBGT apparatus the Four parameters, namely air temperature, relative humidity, air velocity and mean radiation temperature. PMV index according to the measured parameters were calculated by the software and simultaneously by questionnaire was evaluated also. Finally, data were analyzed using SPSS20 statistical software. Statistical analysis of data collected in the different parts Included kitchen, Laundry and Sterilization PMV value was equal to 2.5, 2.5, 2.2 and PPD index was equal to 93.93 and 85 respectively which Showed a higher temperature than other parts. In general, except Department office and Educational classes, Other parts were located outside the thermal comfort zone ASHRAE Standard 55-2010. Since all departments and units who showed a higher thermal comfort indices not was natural ventilation also. This conclusion was that with correct design and the use of outside air for natural ventilation and air exchange in the workplace can be achieved to a Range of thermal comfort according to international standards.

With increased use of computers, exposure to electric and magnetic fields is increasing, the main objective of this study was to evaluate the electric and magnetic field strength in portable computers (laptops) and its relation with eyestrain users.

In this cross – sectional study, magnetic and electric fields in 125 laptop computers were measured from 30 cm and 50 cm distance and in four directions, Eye fatigue assessment of students was assessed by questionnaire.

This study showed that electromagnetic fields in 30 cm distance of 20% of laptops are higher than recommended values. Electromagnetic fields in 50 cm distance were less than recommended values and also between electromagnetic fields and eye fatigue not found significant relationship.

The results showed that the intensity of the electric and magnetic fields in a significant number of portable computers (laptop), higher than recommended values. In order to reduce exposure to electromagnetic fields, it is recommended that between your body and laptop should be minimum distance of 50 cm

Back and shoulder pain are most common musculoskeletal disorders in students, That the way of sitting or interactions with academic equipment is a major risk factor for these disorders. The aims of this study is redesign and construct a prototype of painting chair (Kharak) by using industrial design and ergonomic methods to reduce musculoskeletal disorders and increase user satisfactions. This is an experimental study to redesign Kharak by industrial design tools, anthropometry analysis and rapid upper limb assessment (RULA) methods. Participants were 28 students of Isfahan University of Art that using current Kharak for painting or drawing in their college. 14 % of participants have RULA grand score 7, 39 % have grand score 5-6 and 47% with the RULA grand score 3-2. Main factors affecting the RULA grand score were sex (P=0.003), stature (P=0.0004) and popliteal height (P=0.004). Also mean of women’s RULA grand score was higher than men. According to anthropometry analysis seat height of redesigned Kharak 430 mm was determined and proper backrest with 105° for semi recline was added to final design.

Numerous studies have assessed risk factors for multiple sclerosis (MS), but regarded to paradoxical results & specific ethnical- cultural circumstances in Ahvaz, as a city in Iran, this case-control study was aimed to assess some factors related to lifestyle (consumption & exposure with cigarette smoking, duration & surface of sun light exposure, exposure to pets and farm animals) for MS. This case–control study, including 155 MS cases and 155 matched controls, was conducted in Ahvaz MS society. For data gathering, questionnaire made by researcher including demographics and disease characteristics, and some factors related to life style after approval of validating & reliability (cronbach alpha 0.9). Data analyzed with SPSS software version 19. consumption and exposure with cigarette smoking, surface of sun light exposure, & exposure with noose or indoor animal had no significant influence on afflicting to MS disease, but there was significant difference between two groups in duration of sun light exposure & afflicting to MS disease (p=0.04). This study showed that some environmental factors such as duration of sun light exposure can play role in afflicting to MS disease.

Pastry occupation is one of occupations to exposure with heat and significant number of workers works at it. This study is aimed to heat stress and heat strain score index assessment in the pastry workers of Isfahan.

This cross sectional and descriptive study was conducted on 360 pastry workers between 10 and 14 hours in the summer of 2012. WBGT index was used for determining heat stress, HSSI index was used for measuring the value of understood heat strain by workers and digital thermometer was used for measuring oral temperature. More over the area of the workshops, cookery technologies and ventilation systems were studied.

The mean WBGT index was 22.97. it was sub allowable occupational exposure (31 C). Based on HSSI index 77.5 % of studied people didn’t have heat strain, 19.9 % of people had presumably heat strain and 5.6% of people had heat strain.

Based on the study results, the low percent of workers were in exposure to heat strain hazards. It can reduce by improving cookery technology, fixing suitable ventilation and other ways for controlling heat.

The murder is a huge human crime that in order to legislation of different laws for preventing from occurring this kind of crime (murder). Anyway it occurs in all societies and it has some motivations to occur, for example economic problems, taste, madness, uncommon sexual treats, asperity, invective and insult and even love. This study has done for determining the different ways and different motivations to kill other people. The target of this study was about killing & subjects of murder in the popular newspaper, Hamshahri that it published in the summer 2013. All newspapers were 81 which 97 murders had adduced. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics such as frequency and percent with using statistical software SPSS version 18. In order to findings 71/1% of victims were male. The most of victims & murderers were in 21-30 age class. The most motivation of killing was rubbery 25/8%. 34% of murders occurred by firearm and 90/7% of murders were deliberately and 58/7% of murders occurred on last purpose. In order to most of murderers and victims were male and they were in their youth period of their life and main motivation of killing was rubbery and different manners of killing and motivations of murder that related with individual factors & social factors So preventive actions from incidence of the crimes such as increasing levels of society welfare, reducing the availability of firearms and accelerating the punishment in crimes such as murder and robbery, to reduce the perceived safety level of offenders is necessary.

Xylene is known as one of the most toxic of the nervous system. The purpose of this study is to estimate the concentration of xylene in the cabin of the vehicles production in Iran. Also the effect of ventilation, cigarette smoking, and air freshener inside the vehicle, fuel type and car decorations on the concentration of the substance being studied. 152 vehicles Pride and 44 vehicles Thunder 90 of the Iranian cars were selected for sampling. Samples were collected with activated carbon tubes and were analyzed using gas chromatography with mass detector. Other information was collected using a checklist. The mean concentrations of xylene in Pride and Thunder 90 vehicle was respectively 657/4± 1416/3 and 252/5± 643/06 µg/m3. Concentration of the substance in the Pride cars is almost double Thunder 90 cars. Concomitant use of petroleum and natural gas (CNG) in vehicles increases the concentration of xylene. Effect of parameters such as type of vehicle air conditioning system, cigarette smoking, and air freshener inside the car, the car's interior trim car had no significant influence on the concentration of xylene. The only type of fuel used had significant influence on the concentration of the substance inside the car. xylene is volatile organic compounds were found in the cabin of the vehicle. Average xylene measured in this study was lower than the standard in Hong Kong, but it was more than the standard NIAQS in China.

The widespread use of toluene and its consequent adverse effects on health and specially its chronic effects on the central nervous system has resulted in many studies being carried out on the methods that can control and reduce toluene vapors in the airflow. The objective of this study is to assess the effectiveness of the catalytic ozonation process in the removal of toluene from the airflow. The present study is of the experimental type and was carried out on a laboratory scale. The experimental equipment consisted of an air pump, an injection pump, an ozone generator, a humidity generating system, a mixing chamber, a rotameter, and a glass reactor with a length of 25 cm and an internal diameter of 2 cm. Varying concentrations of toluene were constantly exposed to the process of catalytic ozonation to the activated carbon and activated carbon covered in magnesium nitrate while inducing changes in variables such as reaction time, ozone dosage, and level of humidity. Different concentrations of toluene were measured before and after exposure to the treatment process. The data were analyzed using the SPSS Win 16 and such statistical techniques and methods as descriptive and inferential statistics and three-way ANOVA were utilized. The findings indicated that the toluene removal rates were much higher in the catalytic ozonation process when activated carbon covered in magnesium nitrate was used than when pure activated carbon was used. This issue can be deduced from the fact that the time necessary for toluene to appear at the exit point of the reactor when using activated carbon is 50 hours, while this time in case of use of activated carbon covered in magnesium nitrate is 115 hours. The findings also showed that the three variables of reaction time, ozone dosage, and relative humidity had a positive effect on the process, so that increasing the amounts of these three variables led to an enhancement of the removal system. Given the considerable enhancement of the toluene removal rates as a result of concomitant use of activated carbon and magnesium nitrate in the catalytic ozonation process, it can be concluded that activated carbon covered in magnesium nitrate is an appropriate method in the removal of VOCs from the airflow.

Work related musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are considered the most common cause loss of work time, increased costs and human injuries. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of planned exercise movements to reduce musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) and burnout in the computer users. In this study, the effects of exercise movements using the software were reviewed on the 87 user PC. To evaluate musculoskeletal disorders and burnout before and after using the software, burnout Maslach burnout inventory (MBI) and Nordic questionnaire was used. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 21 and statistical tests. Results from the descriptive statistics showed that musculoskeletal disorders after training in all parts of the body, has decreased to 26.43% and the greatest decrease obtained in lumbar disorders with equal frequency 4.6%. Also, results from Pair T-test showed that the Burnout has not a significant decrease after treatment (P-value=0.21). Based on the results of this study can be concluded that use of planned exercise movements scheduled for a period of six months and older could well reduce musculoskeletal disorders is useful for computer users.

deficiency of attention and concentration is one of great reasons of traffic incidents and it covers between 20 to 50 percent of events due to careless and mindedness. Studies show that attention and concentration are considered as one of important cognitive components in safe driving. Vibration is an important physical effect in all vehicles. till now Has not been any organized study to inspect influence vibration on cognitive function especially on attention and concentration. This study has been carried out with the aim of investigating to vibration effects on attention and concentration of using Neuropsychological tests. In this research 25 male students did the on 4 phases: low vibration (0.53m/s2), medium vibration (0.81m/s2), high vibration (1.12m/s2) and non-contact with vibration (control status) according to ISO2631-1 and with fixed frequency between 3 to 7Hz, and the Selective Attention & of Divided Attention tests are conducted to sit on the vibration simulator. Statistical analysis was performed using software SPSS ver. 19. the results showed that vibration effect on the reaction time Selective Attention of the subjects was not significant. Vibration significantly reduce the number of correct answers Selective Attention and reaction time Divided Attention. In this study it was found that the vibration disrupts the ability to sustain attention to the subjects. It also increases the accuracy and speed of information processing systems on studied persons. It appears that the long-term vibration can cause drowsiness during driving.

Burnout syndrome is the most dangerous threatening factor of worker’s health working in health. The aim of this study was determined the relationship between burnout and performance of health house workers in East Azerbaijan. This is a cross sectional study which have been done on 89 health house workers in East Azerbaijan’s. Data collection by Jackson and Mazlak’s standard questionnaires and check list of health house’s performance evaluation. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 18 using Pearson correlation and T-test and ANOVA. Our result showed moderate levels of burnout among health workers and between them there is the risk of burnout. There was no significant relationship between burnout and performance and between subsets of burnout including depersonalization and emotional exhaustion but there was significant relationship between performance and personal accomplishment reduce. Though there was no significant relationship between burnout and performance in this study, we can’t certainly reject the effect of burnout on the efficiency, effectiveness and productivity in the organizations. It is necessary to notice the other factors that may effect on job burnout or performance of health house workers.