مجله زیست شناسی جانوری
سال پنجم شماره 4 (تابستان 1392)

Breast cancer is the second most pervasive cancer among women. Breast cancer is a worldwide epidemiological problem which the current remedies cannot heal it effectively and has unwanted side effects. Therefore, attempt to produce more effective medicine with less toxicity is essential. Ferula gummosa is anti-cancer, anti-spasm, anti-paroxysm, antiseptic and laxative and it is tonic for stomach, reconstructs surface scars, and causes more milk producing in breasts. Since, its anti-tumorous effects have not been studied on the breast cells; the cellular toxicity effect of its ethanolic extract was investigated in this study. To investigate the preventing effects of F. gummosa ethanolic extract on cellular growth, we have used the MCF7 (Human Caucasian breast adenocarcinoma) cell line which has been cultivated in RPMI environment containing cow's embryo serum and antibiotic. Then we treated these cells in different concentrations of F. gummosa ethanolic extract (0.165, 0.312, 0.625, 1.25, 2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10 mg/ml) for 72 hours. The amount of cell viability was determined by MTT method. Ethanol extract of F. gummosa has a significant cellular toxicity effect on the MCF7 cell line in 0.625, 1.25, 2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10 mg/ml densities after 72 hours compare with control group, and the calculated IC50 for F. gummosa extract was 1.765 mg/ml. The results suggest that ethanol extract of F. gummosa has preventing effect on the cellular growth of MCF7 cellular class.

German Cockroaches (Blattela germanica) are insects that often live in dirty environment such as sewagesand toilets and feed from contaminatedmaterials.This insect is one of the most important factors to transport and spread bacteria in human environment, particularlybacteria of Enterobacteriaceae family. In this study, German cockroach's midget’s bacterial flora in Tehran was identified. German cockroaches from various regions of Tehran were round up and their gut were extracted and cultured on microbial media. Grown samples identified with differentculture media.Ten bacterial genera were identified in cockroach's midgut. Nine genera were belonging to gram negative bacteria and one isolates belong to gram positive bacteria. These genera belong to Citrobacter (20%), Psedomonas (18%), Proteus (17%), E. coli (15.5%), Enterobacter (12%), Staphilococcus (11.1%), Salmonella (3.3%), Klebsiella (1.1%), Shigella and Hafnia (1%). Several pathogenicbacteria are growing within the body of German cockroach and transmittedto the human environment with these insects. Most of these bacteria are pathogenic and can effect on human health. In this study, the most of identified bacteria were belong to Enterobacteriaceae family, and could be pathogen and effective on human hygiene.

Toxicity due to pesticide is the most wide spreading kind of toxicity which may have seen accidentally in persons who utilize these combinations for different purposes. The aim of this research is the investigation of the effect of clorpyrifos pesticide tissue changes of kidney in female mature rats. At this research 40 mature female rats from Wistar race were selected with 200±15 g and 2.5 months age and divided into 4 of 10 groups. Control group didnt receive any drug. Experimental 1, 2 and 3 groups received doses of 1, 2 and 4 mg/kg of clorpyrifos interpritoneally. After 14 days, rats were analyzed and kidney tissues extracted and were inserted at %10 formalin solutions. Then histological studies were performed and measurable factors are including diameter of cortical and medulla parts, glomerulus, Bowman's capsule, proximal and distal, Henle and collecting tubules. The results of this research show that the diameter of cortical part has significantly decreased in experimental 1 and 2 groups in comparison with control group. Collecting tubule diameter also at experimental 1, 2 and 3 groups has significantly increased (P<0.05). The clorpyrifos with effecting on cortical parts of kidney and collecting tubules resulted in kidney disorder that probably this effect is mediated by the oxygen active kinds mechanism.

obesity is a global epidemic health problem, which is related to many diseases such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and types of cancers which impose a huge burden on individuals and health care system and society, therefore different antiobesity strategies are developed that using antiobesity medicines is a very common method besides exercise, diet. since every drug has side effects on some organs it is required to know these side effects and their severities. Liver and testis are two metabolic and reproductive organs of body additionally orlistat ameliorates poly cystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) by decreasing androgen levels then the study of its effect on testosterone levels in obese men could be important because of probability men infertility. In current study, we examined the effect of orlistat on serum ALT, AST, ALP and testosterone levels also liver and testis tissues in uncomplicated obese NMRI mice during six weeks. We studied control, obese, sham and experimental groups. In this study all groups except control group after acclimatization for one week received H.F.D for six weeks, after that all groups were fed by standard laboratory chow diet. Sham group received P.B.S and Experimental group received solution of orlistat orally during six weeks. The body weight was measured during the study period weekly. Our results showed that enzymes levels increased in obese group compare with other groups then orlistat ameliorated enzyme levels in experimental group but it was no differences significantly (P>0.05).Testosterone levels indicated changes between groups but these changes were not statistically significant (p > 0.05).

Reptiles have an important role in biological control. Since, the fauna and flora richness of Tabas County and no biosystematics studies were done in this region, the present research was done in order to study the snake fauna of Tabas County during 1389-90. Samples were collected from different parts using hands or special sticks. Most samples were released after identification. Photographs and slides were prepared from live samples and a limited number of each sample was transferred to zoological laboratory for further investigation. Based on these findings،7 snake species belonging to 7 genera and 3 families were identified. They include Eryx jaculus, Platyceps karelini, Spalerosophis diadema, Psammophis schokari, Echis carinatus and Pseudocerastes persicus. Among identified families the biggest family belonged to Colubridae with 4 genera and 4 species. Eryx jaculus was reported for the first time in this region.

Zagros tooth carp (Aphanius vladykovi) is a rare and valuable species. This is native fish in Chaharmahal-o-Bakhtiyari province of Iran and lives in springs and wetlands. In this study, to investigate the genetic diversity of this species, sampling was performed from Gandoman and Shalamzar wetland areas, 23 individuals from each region. 5 pairs microsatellite primer were used to investigate the genetic diversity and showed 100% polymorphism. The average observed heterozygosity was equal to 0.965 that is more than expected heterozygosity (0.867). The mean gene flow and inbreeding coefficient was 23.33 and -0/11, respectively. The result of Fst (%1) and Rst (%14) indicated low genetic differentiation between populations and adequate genetic variation within populations. Analysis of molecular variance indicated %1 differentiation between and % 99 variations within populations.Among the10tests, 5 samples showed following Hardy - Weinberg equilibrium.

Allstem cells are originated from both embryonic stem cells and adult stem cells. The most important adult stemcellsaremesenchymal stem cells. Mesenchymal stem cellsare pluripotentandnon-hematopoietic cellswithahighdifferentiation potential.There arein thebone marrowand otherskeletal tissues.Mesenchymalstem cellsderivedfrombone marroware capabledifferentiationto osteoblast, osteocyte,adipocyte, chondrocyte, tendonsand muscle cells underin vivoandin vitro.In vitro osteoblastic differentiation needs to a variety of factors, which creates condition similar to bone tissue microenvironment. In this study, the effects of embryonic cartilaginous tissue extract was studied to differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell into osteoblast. Mesenchymal stem cells were isolated from mice bone marrow and cultured in flasks containing DMEM-F12, 100 μg/ml streptomycin, 100 U/ml penicillin and 10% FBS.Mesenchymal stem cellswerepurifiedbyseveral passages, then cellswere affectedby 15day mouse cartilaginous tissue extraction. After21 days ofculture, Alizarin Red staining was usedfor the detection ofosteoblasticcells.Aftereffect of extraction, spindle-shaped mesenchymal stem cellschange theirshapeAndmany appendages was observedincells. Alizarin Red staining has shown osteoblasticdifferentiation ofmesenchymal stem cells.Also osteoblastic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells has confirmed morphogenic and osteogenic factors at cartilaginous tissue extracts of 15-day mouse embryo. Theresults express of osteoblastic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells.Therefore, it is used in vitro models of osteoblast differentiation and genetic diseases of bone.

This study was conducted in order to determining of relative population of Salmonella spp. in various parts of poultry gastrointestinal tract using semi- quantitative PCR technique. It was removed gut contents and extracted their DNA. It is used polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and semi- quantitative PCR technique for investigation on relative population of these bacteria. It was obtained a specific band for detecting of mentioned bacterium using a set specific primer and also a specific band for detecting of all bacteria. Then, it was determined relative population of Salmonella spp. relative to total gut bacteria using semi- quantitative PCR technique. Result analysis was showed Salmonella spp. consists 0.12% and 0.11% of total duodenum and jejunum bacteria respectively. Also it was showed Salmonella spp. consists 0.16% and 0.39% of total ileum and cecum bacteria respectively. Meanwhile Salmonella spp. consists 0.38%, 0.18% and 0.06% of total intestine bacteria at 4, 14 and 30 day of ages. Furthermore it was showed at 4 day of ages Salmonella spp. consists 0.28%, 0.11%, 0.16% and 0.91% of total bacteria in duodenum, jejunum, ileum and cecum respectively. Thus it can state relative population of Salmonella spp. in lower parts i.e. ileum andcecum were higher than upper parts i.e. duodenumand jejunum. Obtained results showed Salmonella spp. populations were variable in various intestine parts and correlated with functions and physicochemical conditions of intestine parts.

In order to study caudal fin rot with emphasis on Aeromonassp. and Pseudomonassp. in Salmo trutta caspiusfrom the salmonids propagation and breeding center of Shahid Bahonar of kelardasht region, One hundred and eighty brood stocks having fin damage symptoms were chosen. Two bacterial samples from each fish were cultured on Aeromonasand Pseudomonas specific media. After incubation biochemical tests for diagnosing isolated colonies of Aeromonassp. and Pseudomonassp. were performed.The results of biochemical tests showed that isolated bacteriaof Aeromonassp. were belonged to Aeromonas caviae and Aeromonas hydrophila (sub species anaerogenes) by 75% and 25%frequency respectively and bacteriaof Pseudomonassp. were belonged to Pseudomonas fluorescens, Pseudomonas putida and Pseudomonas alcaligenes by 42.1%, 36.48% and 21.05% frequency respectively.

In this research, age structure and growth pattern of Perch (Perca fluviatils Linnaeus, 1758) from the Lahijan Amirkelayeh Wetland was studied on a monthly basis in a year. In total, 265 specimens were caught and the weight and length were measured and the age was determined by opercula and scale's reading. The age data showed that the fish were between 2 + to 6 +. Male, female fish classified respectively in 12 and 13 length frequencies groups. The average instantaneous growth rate of perch showed that the age groups 2 + to 3 + with 0.461 grew faster than other groups and slowest growth belonged to age groups of 5 + to 6 + with 0.231. Condition factor of specimens showed that the highest one with 2.49 (r 2= 0.938) belong to female and the lowest one with 1.06 (r2= 0.944) belong to male fish. Pauli's applied growth pattern showed almost an isometric growth for total, male, and female fish and tendency to positive allometric growth. Total sex ratio (178 male to 78 female) showed a significant difference.