نشریه دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بیرجند
سال بیست و یکم شماره 1 (پیاپی 58، بهار 1393)

Maintaining skin integrity is vital in humans and animals to protect the organisms against dehydration, bleeding, and ingress of microorganisms. In order to do this, in Man and other evolved animals a sophisticated mechanism of wound healing occurs. At first the gap is quickly filled with a thin layer of fibrinous exudate, re-epithelialized, and rapidly replaced by new matrix. It is obvious that the speed of wound healing depends upon many factors; such as the size of the wound, blood supply to the area, presence or absence of foreign bodies and microorganisms, age, health and nutritional status of the patient of the patient. Acute and chronic wounds care has extremely changed in recent years. Recenly, some traditional medications)honey and other herbal medications(and new procedures are available that can be used to accelerate the healing of skin wounds.In the present article the most novel advances made in wound care and management in recent years were reviewed.

Depression is a commomn common psychiatric disordersdisorder.. The Sever severe form of depression, that callled call.ed as. major depression, has many effects on the mental health of patient's patients. It may even lead to health including. suicidal attempt. Electro Convulsive Therapy (ECT) is still the most effective treatment for major depression. The purpose of this studyis comparison ofof the present study was to compare two anesthetic induction ketamin and thiopental Na for ECT in major depression disorder patients. The current study was done as a double blind randomized clinical trial on 60 patients with psychiatric disorders; 30 of whom were administered ketamin. and 30. thiopental Na. . Then, the patient's responses to treatment in the form of energy expenditure, duration of seizures, and the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale(HDRS) were evaluated. The obtained data was analyzed by means of Chi-square and mann-whitney tests using SPSS. Software (V:21). Rate of depression (ketamin:22.50±5.50 and thiopental Na:30.05 ±7.95) and energy expenditure (ketamin: 81.33±3.31 and thiopental Na:85.33 ±11.34) was higher in thiopental Na. Changes in rate of depression showed significant difference between the two groups but Changes in energy expenditure showed no significant difference.. . Furthermore, duration of seizures (ketamin:35.46±7.93 and thiopental Na:30.09 ±14.38) was higher in ketamin group; therefore,the difference was significant. Severity of depression and seizure duration changes showed that ketamin is better than thiopental Na. Thus, it seems that ketamin administration can be used as an alternative method of anesthesia in depression patients that candidate for ECT..

Diabetes is the most common endocrine disease that is associated with impaired glucose and lipid metabolism. Adiponectin is a specific secretory protein from adipose tissue, having an impact on some factors predisposing to diabetes. The purpose of the present study was to explore adiponectin level in diabetic rats treated with aqueous extracts of Berberis vulgaris. In this interventional study, 25 of streptozocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats were treated with aqueous extracts of barberry specified doses (25 and 100 mg/kg body weight) for two weeks. At the end, their serum adiponectin levels were measured using ELISA kit and their respective fasting blood sugar (FBS), triglyceride, total cholesterol, HDL-C and LDL-C were also calculated using colometric measures. Data analysis showed that treatment with barberry extract, created a significant decrease in serum triglycerides, FBS, and VLDL (P=0.012). Additionally, barberry could significantly increase serum level of adiponectin (P=0.014). Oral administration of aqueous extract of barberry is effective in reducing triglyceride and FBS. An increased level of adiponectin due to using barberry extract can play a role in the regulation of lipid profile in diabetes.

The use of medicinal herbs is taken as a healthy and effective alternative treatment for hyperglycemia and liver toxicity. Therefore, due to the positive effects of exercise training on diabetic patients, the objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of a 6 week period of aerobic training together with Pistacia atlantica extract taking on protein carbonyl (PC), heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), and glycogen levels in the liver tissues of diabetic rats. In this experimental research, 40 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: 1) healthy control, 2) diabetic control, 3) diabetic under aerobic training, 4) diabetics receiving Pistacia atlantica extract and 5) diabetics under aerobic training and receiving the extract.. The six week period exercise program included aerobic training on a treadmill (5 sessions per week, 40 minutes per each session, with a speed of 20m/min and 5% incline). Pistacia atlantica extract was fed 5 days per week (25mg/kg). The rats were anesthetized.48 hours after the last training session, and their livers were isolated. Then, the level of their PC, HSP70, and hepatic glycogen were assessed by means of ELISA and chemical colorometry. Mean level of PC in the diabetic group under aerobic training, diabetic group receiving pistacia extract, and the group under aerobic training together with receiving pistacia extract was significantly lower than that of the control diabetic group (P was 0.002,0.006 and 0.002, respectively); but, mean level of PC was not significantly different in the three case groups. Mean level of HSP70 and glycogen in the three groups was not significantly different either (P was 0.21 and 0.59, respectively). It was found that aerobic training and Pistacia atlantica extract consumption, either alone or together, led to a significant reduction in PC levels in the liver tissues of diabetic rats. Thus, Pistacia atlantica extract and aerobic training can be good remedies in reducing liver complications resulting from diabetes.

A peptic ulcer is a breach in the gastric or duodenal mucosa down to the submucosa. There is evidence concerning the role of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) in the genesis of such ulcers production of intracellular ROS along mitochondria oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) predisposes the deletion of 4977 bp mtDNA. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the association of 4977 bp mtDNA deletion with peptic ulcer disease. In this case-control study included 110 patients with peptic ulcer disease and 110 healthy individuals were compared. Genomic DNAs of the cases and controls were extracted from bioptic tissues. Then, their genotypes were determined by means of Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Finally, statistical analysis was performed using the MedCalc program. Deletion of 4977 bp mtDNA was found to be more frequent among patients with peptic ulcer disease (52.7%) compared to the controls (15.3%). A significant association was found between the deletion with peptic ulcer disease. Deletion of 4977 bp in mitochondrial DNA is associated with peptic ulcer disease.

Stroke is the third leading cause of death and the most important factor of disability in the world. Recent studies have shown that olive oil has antioxidant effects during cerebral ischemia. The present study investigated the probable protective effects of olive oil on the brain infarction and neurological disability after a transient model of focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion in rats. In this experimental study, 30 adult male wistar rats whose weight ranged 270-320 g were divided into three equal groups. : sham, control ischemia, and ischemia treated. . Transient focal cerebral ischemia was induced by means of 80 min middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) followed by 24 hours reperfusion. Olive oil(1 ml/kg) was intraperitoneally injected into the cases at the beginning of ischemia. Neurologic outcome (NDS scale), infarct volume (TTC staining) and histological studies were done 24 hours after the end of MCAO. Treatment with olive oil significantly reduced the cortical and striatal infarct volume by 65% and 52%, respectively. Olive oil also decreased the NDS of ischemic rats from 3.4±0.1 to 2.5±0.2 in the treated group. Besides, histological studies showed that olive oil reduced the number of eosinophilic and damage neurons in the ischemic area (P< 0.001). The findings of the current study indicated that olive oil effectively reduced ischemia, helped to the reperfusion of injuries, and improved neurological outcome. Olive oil is also a potent neuroprotective factor that is able to prevent neurodegeneration of transient focal ischemia in the beginning of reperfusion at ischemic areas.

Diabetes is one of the mortality factors in the world. Nutritional and environmental pollution with heavy metals, especially lead, exacerbates diabetic condition. The curcumin in Turmeric has antioxidant properties and therapeutic effects on the treatment of some diseases such as diabetes. In an interventional experiment designed to investigate the protective effect of turmeric powder on consequences of lead acetate on some blood parameters in the diabetic male rats, 32 male Wistar rats with an average initial weight of 182.6±1.8 g each were randomly divided into four groups, i.e. the control, diabetic (streptozotocin injection in dose of 55 ppm), diabetic+Pb (100 ppm solute in water), and diabetic+Pb+CL (2% of DMI). Trial period was 4 weeks. Blood samples from the heart of the rats were taken on the 29th day. Turmeric powder improved insulin secretion and reduced blood glucose. Total protein increased in CL treatment group. ALT, AST, triglyceride, and cholesterol significantly increased in diabetes treatment groups compared with the control. Probably the antioxidant compounds found in Turmeric especially curcumin can reduce some complications of lead acetate in diabetic patients.

Plants are a rich source of phenolic compounds as natural antioxidants are important. Antioxidant compounds that prevent the spread of diseases and the destruction of many of the foods they are extracted from the bark of Acer velutinum and Alnus subcordata trees. The purpose of this study the required the use of bark as the source of phenol is the pharmaceutical industry. In this study research, ethanol extracts of the dried bark of Acer velutinum and Alnus subcordata trees were extracted using soxhle. First the amount of total phenol and flavonoids extract measured then to evaluate antioxidant properties of extracted extracts three methods diphenyl picryl hydrazyl, regenerative power produced and nitric oxide were used. The results showed that phenol and flavonoid content, respectively, were greater in the bark of Acer and Alnus. Reviews DPPH showed that inhibitory concentration 50% of ethanol extract of the bark of Acer and Alnus, respectively, with values of 178.11 and 7.23 micrograms per milliliter. The reducing power of extracts of Alnus was better than Acer. In Nitric oxide trap test, ethanol extract inhibitory concentration 50% in Acer extract 2.11 and in Alnus 3.27 micrograms per milliliter was calculated. Ethanol extract of Acer and Alnus in three test case study, showed an acceptable antioxidant activity, thus providing a useful source of natural antioxidants are. so can as a useful resource for Supply natural antioxidants are.

Limited studies have been focused on the role of IL-33 and IL-18 in Rheumatoid arthritis (RA).This study was done to measure the levels of IL-18 and IL-33 in the serum of patients with RA, before treatment, three month after treatment and compare to patients with osteoporosis as well as healthy controls. Sera were obtained from 20 patients with RA before treatment, 15 patients with osteoporosis and 30 healthy controls that have been matched to patients group. IL-33 and IL-18 levels were measured using ELISA assay. Serum levels of IL-33 were significantly higher in patients with RA before treatment 5.47± 0.142 (pg/ml) versus three months after treatment 4.34±0.072, P=0.001, and control subjects 4.53±.076 (pg/ml), P=0.000. There were significant differences between IL-33 serum levels in patients with RA before treatment compare to osteoporosis subjects before treatment (5.47± 0.142 versus 3.65±0.08, P=0.000). The serum IL-18 levels of the RA patients before treatment 482.12±67.38 (pg/ml) were significantly higher than the IL-18 level three months after treatment 302.67±55.33 (pg/ml) P=0.004, the control group 216.19±47.56 (pg/ml) P= 0.004 and patients with OP 316.79±53.72, p= 0.001. Our results showed that IL-33 and IL-18 are highly active in RA and these cytokines might be closely involved in the pathologic mechanisms of the disease.

Along with extensive control of communicable diseases and decrease in their prevalence, congenital anomalies (CA) has grasped much attention in recent years. Almost 20% of babies’ mortality under one year of age is associated with CA. The present study was conducted to determine the percent of newborns with CA under Birjand city health centers. In this descriptive-analytical and retrospective study all newborns with CA under Birjand city health centers during 2007-2012. were studied. Necessary data was collected by meansw of a researcher- designed questionnaire. whose content validity had already been confirmed.. The obtained data was analyzed using SPSS software (version 16) and Kruskal Wallis descriptive analytical statistical test at the significant level α=0.05. Out of 22076 newborn babies during 2007-2012, 118 cases had CA (CA prevalence. was 5.34%).. It was found that CA was more prevalent in boys than in girls (55.9% vs. 44.1%).The babies’ parents were mainly (58.5%) relatives. . Congenital heart diseases (36.5%) and musculoskeletal disorders (16.1%) were accounted as the most prevalent.Most of the babies with CA had passed away when the present study began CA. Kruskal wallis analysis showed a significant difference in mean age of the deceased babies regarding their types of abnormalities (P=0.03). Most of congenital anomalies had a relationship with nervous and cardiovascular systems.Abnormal babies were very prone to death, and frequently they died while being uner one year.Thus,regard to premarital genetic couynseling and undergoing prenatal diagnostic tests are necessary..

Cephalometery, as one of the most significant section of anthropometry examines the facial and cephalic indeces. Since the measurements are affected by geographical factors, gender, age, and race, the obtained results are based on the community under study. Regarding lack of investigations on cephalometry in Birjand, the present study aimed at determining cephalic indexes and standard classification of neurocranium in 15-17 year old female students in the city in 2013. This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 437 healthy female 15-17 year old students in Birjand during 2013, who were selected through cluster sampling. Then, cephalic indices of the subjects were determined using standard Martin Scale Cephalometer, according to Gray's Anatomy Cephalometric Method. The obtained data were collected according were analyzed using SPSS soft ware (V:13). Mean maximum head length and breadth in the subjects were found to be 177.6±7.54mm and 141.6±5.84mm, respectively. Total neurocranium index was determined 79.88±4.64 mm. The head shape of 43% of the individuals was mesocephalic, %33/4 brachycephalic, %12/12 hyperbrachycephalic and %11/44 dolichocephalic. The present study on cephalometry revealed that adult female students in Birjand city mostly have a mesocephalic phenotype.

The Structure of articles based on scientific standards is one of factors that affects the quality of papers. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the structural quality of articles published in Iranian scientific journals of Medical Sciences based on International Standards Committee of Medical Journal Editors during 2010-2012. This descriptive study was performed on 150 articles from 15 medical journals. The journals were selected through simple randomized sampling and the articles were selected using systematic randomized sampling. The articles matching degree with ICMAJE was analysed according to a researcher-designed checklist using Binomial trial, Kruskal-Wallis and Mann–Whitney tests at the significant level P<0.05. The results showed that the sections allocated to tables (94/09%), results(85/77%), and introduction (82/16%) matched with the instructions given received the most scores and had a favorable rank However, methodology section (64/4%), abstracts (61/37%), figures and abbreviations (59/32%), and pictures (16/89%) received the lowest ratings. Besides, it was found that there was a significant difference between the articles with regard to their mean scores considering their matching with the above instruction and their subject matter (P=0.000). But the scores of the articles, their publishing year, and their language(s) were not significant (P=0.07). The present study showed that the structural quality of the articles has various problems, which necessitates more proficiency in basics of Essay Writing on the part of writers. and editors’ more careful review of various sections of the articles.