مجله زیست شناسی جانوری
سال دوم شماره 2 (زمستان 1388)

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a novel and promising method for cancer treatment.PDT is based on 3 factors including Photosensitizer (Ps), light with an appropriate wavelength and oxygen. Interaction between Ps and visible light can induce death ofcancer cells.The purpose of this study is evaluating combined effect of Aminolevulenic acid (5-ALA) as Ps and homogenous beam of solid state laser (Nd-YAG with speciall wavelength and power to induce death of prostate cancer cells and to determine the type of death.In this assay, using 0.3 mM 5-ALA (precursor of Protoporphyrin IX =PpIX as Ps) for 5h incubating period in dark and hemogenous beam of solid state laser (Nd-YAG with 532nm,50mW was evaluated viability of LN-CaP cells by MTT assay was evaluated formation of PpIX in cells. In addition type of cell death induced were determined using by hocsht staining. 24h after treatment, significant reduction in number of cells in PDT groups compared to ALA group without laser and laser group without ALAwere seen. Administration of ALA were caused increased production of chief Ps(PpIX) in cells.Using hocsht staining apoptotic cell death in ALA-PDT groups were indicated.PDT treatment of LN-CaP cells with 0.3 mM 5-ALA for 5h incubatingperiod in dark and hemogenous beam of Nd-YAG laser with 532nm,50mW for 3 min caused increase PpIX formation and induced considerable apoptotic cell death.

The European pond turtle, Emys orbicularis (L., 1758), is widespread. The distribution of this species has wide dispersal in the North and West of Iran and reaches eastwards to the Caspian and Aral Seas. In order to find out possible populations differentiations, a survey was conducted from Apr. 2008 to Sep. 2009 in the southern coastal of Caspian Sea including Golastan, Mazandaran, Ardebil and East Azarbaijan province. The natural history of specimens are presented. Forty morphometric characters in 30 adult males from four populations have been measured. Using ANOVA, it was showed East Azarbaijan and Golastan populations have the highest mean in the most of characters in comparison with the other populations. Principle Component Analysis (PCA), in males exploited four means components. The components expressed 71.85%, 11.65%, 4.6% and 2.5% changes, respectively. Dispersion of Specimens based on components showed that Ardebil population is separated from other populations based on the first component, completely, but the other populations closed to each other. It seems that habitat differences, geographical and ecological situation are the reason for this separation. Cluster analysis showed all of populations were placed separately, but one of specimens of East Azarbaijan was placed in separate branch. So this interesting finding can be inferred by new haplotype.

An initial knowledge of Dietetics and range quality is essential for determining of Gazella subgutturosa habitat nutritional carrying capacity and sustainable range management, for this aim a study was designed in which changes in forage quality that consumed by gazelle. The study was conducted in Kalmand-Bahadoran protected area, Yazd Province, Food preference was also investigated by direct observation, stomach content analysis. The result revealed that,Artemisia sieberi, Tecrium polinim,Salsola tomentosa, Stipagrostis plumose are of the main food preference for Persian gazelle. Protein contents of each consumed plant species was estimated by utilizing Kjeldal method. This study showed that A.siberihas the maximum rate of protein almost 11.37 percent. Despite high amount of protein in A. siberi, it could not provide food needed for Gazella subgutturosa

Oil spills can result in the deposition of large quantities of petroleum hydrocarbons intointertidal and shallow waters seriously impacting bivalve populations. Petroleum hydrocarbonsare enriched in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and PAH analogs many ofwhich may have potential chromosomal aberration. The micronuclei (MN) test is useful for assessing chromosomal aberration and DNA damage and has been used to a limited degree with aquatic organisms, but mostly with studies in vitro. This study carried out with the MN test to assess the DNA damaging potential of crude oil the complex mixtures of petroleum hydrocarbons for bivalves.Micronucleus test, one of the most popular and promisingtest ofenvironmental genotoxicity, has served as an index ofcytogenetic damagefor over 30 years. Micronuclei (MN) are produced from chromosome fragmentsor whole chromosomes that lag at cell division due to lack ofcentromere, damage in centromere or defect in cytokinesis. Intissues with actively dividing cells, micronuclei records reflectaction of clastogenic or aneugenic compoundsThis study presents the data on rate of MN numbers with use of micronuclei (MN) test in gill cells offreshwater bivalve molluscs (Anodonta cygnea) exposed to crude oil. Bivalves were exposed for ten days to 0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 ppm of crude oil. For the micronuclei (MN) test Two branches of mussel gills were placed in a big drop of 3:1 ethanol acetic acid (or methanol acetic acid) solution separately on two clean microscopic slides and gently nipped with tweezers for 2–3 minutes (until cells spread within a drop). Then the cell suspension was softly smeared on the whole surface (except label place) of both slides. Dried slides were fixed in methanol for 10 min. and stained with 5% Giemsa solution in phosphate buffer pH = 6.8. The stained slides were analyzed under the light microscope at a final magnification of 1000×. a statically significant increase in level of micronuclei (MN) was found with 0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 ppm of crude oil. The rate of MN frequency was measured 1.6, 2.6 and 2 MN/1000 gill cells, respectively. The frequency of micronuclei was varied from 0 to 2.6 ‰ (MN/1000 cells).This study has demonstrated a potential for DNA damage in bivalvesexposedto crude oil as well as potential for interspecies sensitivity.

To study the effect of Alcoholic Extract of Propolis on Aian broiler chicks performance, an experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design with 6 treatments (different levels of propolis including 0, 50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 mg/kg diet) for 6 weeks.Weight gain, feed consumption, feed conversion ratio and mortality rate were compared statistically. Results indicated that in all periods, average feed consumption, weight gain, feed conversion ratio were significantly higher for propolis fed birds and inclusion of propolis also reduced mortality rate in comparison to control diet.

The plants have close relation to the culture of humans. most of plants have recovery effects Ruta graveolens L. is the plant which was used for increasing period, abortion in women, rhomatysm In this study,the effects of the alcoholic extract of Rue are experimentally examined on the reproductive organ of male mice. In this study which is functional and fundamental uses small mice NMRI. The weight of testicles, epididym, vaso deferan and the volume of testicles and the number of sperm was identified. Comparing testicle's weight, epididym,deferan, show a significant decrease (p<. 05) in 350 and 450 of doses in control and experimental groups.. Size of the testis and number of sperms show a significant decrease (p<. 05) in experimental groups, sham and control.The results have shown alcoholic extract RG Can effect on activity in organs of male generation. and probably can be used to control reproduction.

The Caspian bent-toed gecko, Cyrtopodion caspium, belonging to the family Gekkonidae; is nocturnal and its main habitats in Iran are along the Gorgan region of Mazandaran, from northern and eastern Khorasan, extending south to Sistan and west to Azerbaijan. In this study, which has been done in Moghan Steppe, Damghan and Sari populations; 48 specimens were collected at midnight by hand. Present study was conducted on the basis of morphologic, morphometric and meristic characters of subspecies Cyrtopodion caspium caspium. We show that Moghan population in Northwest of Iran is isolated from two other populations in northeast of Iran.

Morphine for years as an analgesic drug is used, but given that the repeated administration of morphine is associated with dependence and tolerance, recent studies try is to administration of aqueous extract of fennel, along with its analgesic effect of morphine and the strengthening of reduce its consumption.This experimental study performed on 80 male mice (28±3g). Animals were grouped randomly in to control, positive control and receivers of Foeniculum vulgareextract. Control group and positive control group received normal saline 0.9% and indomethacin (5mg/kg, i.p.), respectively. Treatments groups were injected with doses, (100 mg/kg, i.p.), (200 mg/kg, i.p.) and (400 mg/kg, i.p.) of aqeous extract of Foeniculum vulgare. Animals were injected with acetic acid 0.6% (10ml/kg) for iducing of visceral pain, 30 minutes after of each intraperitoneal administration. Antinociceptive effect was recorded by counting the number of writhes immediately after injection of acetic acid during 30 minutes. In following treatments interaction of morphine in the antinociceptive effects of Foeniculum vulgare extract were studied with treatment ofmorphine (2mg/kg, i.p.) 15 minute after the administration of the extract in writhing test.this study showed that aqueous extract of F. vulgareat 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg and indomethacin (5mg/kg) induced a significant reduction in pain response compared to the control group (p<0.001). morphine (2mg/kg, i.p.) also coused antinociception and the concurrent use of F. vulgareand morphine produced more remarkable antinociception compared to their individual usages (p<0.001).Foeniculum vulgare andmorphine also showed synergistic drug interaction for antinociception in the writhing test.