نشریه مدیریت و برنامه ریزی در نظام های آموزشی
پیاپی 11 (پاییز و زمستان 1392)

The educational system potentially is one of the key and primary institutions in realization of content of document of vision of development of country. But the playing of the suitable role in this context requires having guidelines and general directions in developing educational system of the country. The educational system of the country in accord whit realization of the document of the developing country requires a special conception regarding ideal human for the educational system. In other words، the starting point of movement towards designing a comprehensive Plan for the development of the educational system. The drawing of the vision for the educational system has to do with ideal human. In so far as education has along the other institution and organizations the responsibility of sustainable growth، educating ideal and skillful human resources for working in a competitive of national document of education in different fields can prepare country’s human resources for entering the era of knowledge in four dimensions of cultural، economic، society and political. What constitutes the man problems is the following. The study of ideal human characteristics in the educational system of the Islamic republic of iran in twenty- year vision (1384- 1409). The present research is done in the frame work of four fallowing axis and is done in the from of document studies. Comparative studies (educational system، international organizations and institutions، scientific- professional societies in the domain of research in educational) Formal Document relating to the development of the country. (all ministries and government organizational). Legal documents call acts regarding culture and education by legal authorities of the country. Future- oriented studies (all source formulated in farsi and English in the main focus of the study) In order to gather all data in this research، the method of recording relevant data was used. The used source were government documents، library research documents، primary source and internet sites. The method of analyzing research data was a analytical- qualitative method. With this purpose، analyses done by using information and comparative tables. What was resulted from this study was a declaration containing. Initial forms of ideal human characteristics with ten main categories sixty. Secondary concept and characteristics were presented.

The aim of present research is the explanation of critical thinking in educational context from the Islamic view point and post structuralism and the comparison of the two approaches. Also this research tries to answer the questions of the nature critical thinking. The methods of fostering critical thinking, the impediments in developing critical thinking, and the similarities and difference between Islam and past structuralism regarding critical thinking. This research is descriptive applied which has a qualitative nature. The comparative approach based on Brudi method is utilized. From the view point of poststructuralists truth is the construct of discourses and the result of power relations the epistemology of poststructuralist is based on pluralism, deconstructing, decentralization of intellect. The rejection of dualism and attention to language is in the construction of knowledge and truth. In Islam absolute truth is the source of creation and human being is the discoverer of truth. Critical thinking of post structuralism is based on self-actualization attending. Other cultures and discourse, cultural pluralism and epistemological attitudes. The method of fostering critical thinking includes the analysis of discourse, deconstruction, interactional and participatory methods, reading critically, and use of text. Critical thinking in Islam is based on fostering theoretical and practical intellect. The methods of critical thinking includes the application of wisdom, accumulating experience, using controversy and dialectic. Questioning and tolerance. In general critical thinking in Islam has the human bing as its axis and mores toward the ideal goals of Islam, while in post structures view humans as a means of reforming structures and the aim is deconstructive citizenship education In effect, it can be said that past structuralist thinking which the critique of metanarrative and ideologies, is in contrast which Islamic thoughts and critical thinking in Islam in the frame work of the principle of impossibility of analogy of some religious axioms and knowledge is acceptable.

is based on a project with an approach to learning which is deep and comprehensive for teaching- learning situation in the classroom which engage students in probing and discovering valid and valuable problems. Projects are complex tasks and are-based on problems and questions which are challenging which engages students in designing, problem-solving, decision making or discovery activity and which provide them an opportunity for learning for long periods of time relatively independent which also result in producing artifacts or presenting matters realistically. This kind of learning instead of having an inflexible and closed structure has a complex and flexible frame work. This frame work has characterizes which are descriptive of teaching-learning interactions. This article has two parts in the first part, constructivist approach and its background relating to that learning domain which is based on project is presently and then a model for educational design based on project approach is discussed. In the second part, while mentoring project based on web-learning, a educational design model suitable to that will be presented as well.

This study examines factors contributed to non – governmental schools stopped activities and provides a solution for it. Qualitative findings through deep- interview with three target groups including active founder, non- active founder and experts on non-government schools office in four geographic regions of the country were collected. Analysis of results provides a Semantic Model for explanation of stop factors of non-government schools. Based on the model, causal, grounded and interventional conditions and their interaction developed the phenomenon of "competitor schools". Then to deal with this situation, the interviewees admitted three different strategies of acceptance, resistance, and submission. The final stage was shown that each of these strategies have different outputs. Findings of study have been provided a semantic reconstruction of non-government schools through original core namely "relative instability".

The main purpose of this research was to study the relationships between transformational and transactional leadership styles with organizational effectiveness in board of trustees and state-run schools. The research method was descriptive - correlation. Statistical population included all teachers of elementary schools of board of trustees and state-run in the province of Hamedan the number 5137 people and Sample size of 582 subjects (226 teachers in board of trustee's schools and 356 teacher in state-run schools) was determined based on the Cochran formula. Sampling was proportional stratified random sampling. Toward Data collected were used from the two questionnaires with items: leadership styles Bass & Avolio (1995) and organizational effectiveness of Harrison (2008).For appointment of the questionnaires validity of the content-related validity method and to assess the reliability was used by Cronbach's Alpha coefficient. Reliability coefficient was calculated for the questionnaires of leadership styles and organizational effectiveness, was estimated 0/915 and 0/965 respectively. Results representative that is the level of transformational and transactional leadership styles, and organizational effectiveness inboard of trustees and state-run schools, is above average surface. Independent t-test revealed that board of trustee`s schools utilize transformational leadership and state-run schools transactional leadership. Also situation of organizational effectiveness in schools board of trustees are better than state-run schools. Pearson correlation coefficient showed is a significant positive relationship between transformational and transactional leadership styles with organizational effectiveness in all schools. The results of regression analysis indicated that the components of leadership styles inboard of trustee's schools, Factors of individualized consideration, and intellectual stimulation and idealized influence; and in state-run schools, Factors of intellectual stimulation and management- by-exception have the highest impact on the prediction of organizational effectiveness.

The current study is conducted in an attempt to investigate the effect of mental health about job satisfaction among managers and staffs in technical and vocational colleges in Alborz province on the basis of descriptive correlation method. The population comprises all managers and employees of technical and vocational colleges in Alborz province who were 214 participants. The sample is selected on the basis of census method which is equal to the statistical population. The data collection tool is the questionnaire of mental health (GHQ) and Job Description Index questionnaire. The data is analyzed and discussed according to descriptive and inferential statistics. The obtained results revealed that there is a meaningful and reverse relationship between the mental health and job satisfaction among managers and employees. In addition, there is a significant and reverse relationship between mental health in the dimensions of physical symptoms, anxiety, social dysfunction and depression and job satisfaction.

Entrepreneurship is important in the process of economic and social development. So different countries of world pay special attention to it and give priority to train entrepreneurs in their development plans. What should be regarded in this case is that training is necessary for entrepreneurship since entrepreneurs via getting concerned knowledge and expertises can cause innovation and finding new employment ways in different fields. Attending to key role and position of insurance industry in the country and its undeniable impact on country's economy and financial markets and behooving increasing concord of this industry with trend of country's economic growth and development, especial attention to entrepreneurship in this field is essential. So in this paper an attempt was made to study, impact of occupational trainings on (personal, managerial and technical) entrepreneurial skills of the insurance companie's employees in terms of their individual characteristics is studied and practical solutions to strengthen these trainings with respect to entrepreneurial skills are presented. The statistical sample of this study is estimated 301 persons through Cochran's formula and these persons are chosen through random cluster sampling. A researcher made questionnaire with the Cronbach's Alpha reliability of 0.84 was used which consisted of 52 five likert scale close-ended questions and 1 open-ended question. To measure the research scale, ANOVA test, T-test for independent samples and the spearman Rho rank order correlation test are used. The results show that entrepreneurial skills are different among the employees based on their education, but there isnt difference among entrepreneurial skills of employees based on their major. Personal skills of entrepreneurship are different based on employee's gender, but managerial and technical skills of entrepreneurship of employees are not different based on gender. There isnt correlation between the entrepreneurial skills and the employee's job records. There isnt significant difference among the employee's personal skills of entrepreneurship arised from the beginning or in-service trainings based on their education (high school diploma and higher), from the beginning or in-service trainings based on the employee's education (high school diploma and higher). This study emphasizes the importance of occupational trainings of the entrepreneurial skills.