نشریه دانشور پزشکی
پیاپی 111 (تیر 1393)

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is defined as glucose intolerance of variable severity with onset or first recognition during pregnancy. Immunopathology of GDM is not well known, Different parameters of cellular immunity particularly leukocyte count and subset have been reported. Considering the importance of the immune system, particularly peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in the pathogenesis of gestational diabetes, the aim of this study was to investigate viability of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in patients with GDM in comparison with healthy pregnant women. During a case -control study 37 pregnant women with GDM and 37 healthy pregnant women in gestational age28-36 week were recruited. Fasting venous blood was collected from all subjects. PBMC was separated from ficoll density-gradient centrifugation. Cells were suspended in culture medium RPMI 1640, 10% FBS and cultured in the absence and presence of PHA in 96-well plate(1* 106 cells/ml) at 370C 5% CO2 for 48h. Cell viability was assessed with MTT assay. Stimulation index was calculated and compared between groups. There was no significant difference in age, body mass index, and gestational week in the two groups. Stimulation index of PBMC in GDM and control groups, respectively were 134.37 ±23.6 and 135.2± 31.5. There was no significant difference in stimulation index of PBMC in GDM women compared to their matched control subjects. These results show that there was no significant difference in peripheral blood mononuclear cell's viability in GDM women compared to healthy pregnant women.

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease worldwide. At now Pharmacological treatments available only can slow down the progression of symptoms but can not treat the disease. It is established that benzodiazepines, and related agonists at the benzodiazepine site of GABA receptor, present anxiolytic and amnesic properties, whereas inverse agonists, such as β-carbolines, (Norharmane) could exert anxiogenic and learning-enhancing actions. This finding has now directed the focus of research on the potential use of β-carbolines as anti-AD drug. The goal of the present study was to investigate the therapeutic efficacy of Norharmon on spatial memory of streptozotocin (STZ) Rat Model of AD 48 male wistar rates were divided into: control, STZ, STZ+ alcohol and STZ+ norharmane groups. Alcohol and Norharmane groups rats received alcohol (0.2ml) or Norharmane (1,2, 4 mg/kg, i.p.) for 4 day before training and 6day during training, 30 min. before each session of experiments. For induction of AD, STZ (3 mg/kg, i.c.v, 10 μl each) were administered bilaterally into lateral ventricles. All rates were tested spatial memory in the Morris water maze. pre-training injection of Norharmane improves spatial memory in low doses(1,2 mg/kg) but attenuated spatial memory retention in high doses(4 mg/kg) in STZ Rat Model of AD. so that there was no significant differece between control and STZ+Norharmane (2 mg/kg) group, whereas the differece between control and STZ +Norharmane (1,4 mg/kg) groups were significant. According to the findings Norharmane, in the low doses, may be effective in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease by its ability to influence the GABAergic system

Colorectal cancer is one of the most widespread and killer among cancers. It is important that we predict what status people have in the future. The purpose of this study was comparison of the Cox model and Kaplan-Meier curve with IBS and also identifying the factors about predicted survival time of patients with colon cancer. This paper is related to colorectal cancer patients in Tehran Taleghani Hospital that at least were followed up for five years. These patients consulted to Taleghani Hospital from 1380 to 1385 and their information was recorded in the cancer section of Digestion Research Center and at least was followed up for five years. The Cox Proportional Hazards model and Kaplan- Meier curve were used for prediction of survival status in different times and these were compared with estimation of prediction error by IBS method. Among 724 patients there was 422 men (58.3%) and 302 wemon(41.7%). Total of 177 patients were died among them 65% were men. Survival median of patients was 104±23.3.: Cox model showed significant relation between size of tumor and sex with survival time. Sometimes, prediction error with IBS method for Cox model was less than Kaplan-Meier curve and Cox model is more perfect for these data. Discussion & Presence of covariates and the use of models in predicting survival of patients is effective. In this study, the presence of covariates and Cox model reduces the prediction error.

Although the relationship between enuresis and psychopathology has been studied intensively, little is known about the prevalence of specific psychiatric disorders comorbidities with enuresis, which the assessment of these disorders is necessary for preventive and therapeutic strategies implementation. The aim of present study was to investigate the prevalence of psychiatric disorders comorbidities with enuresis in children that were referred to akhavan hospital of Kashan city. In this cross-sectional study, One hundred children with enuresis that were referred to child psychiatric clinic of kashan university of medical sciences were interviewed by child-psychiatrist according to DSM IV check-list and the psychiatric disorders were determined. The questionnaire included demographic variables and clinical history of patients and their parents completed too. All gathering data were analyzed by using SPSS software and descriptive tests. The mean age of children was 7.14. 53% of them was boy. The prevalence of concurrent psychiatric disorders was 89% which in secondary enuresis was more prevalent than primary enuresis (94.45% and 82.8% respectively). Attention deficit hyper activity disorder was the most prevalent concurrent disorder in these children and anxiety disorders were in the second rank. According to the result of present study the prevalence of psychiatric disorders are high in children with enuresis especially ADHD and anxiety disorders so attention to investigate the concurrent disorders is very important in treatment outcomes.

The ability to control various body positions in space caused by a complex interaction of, sensory, musculoskeletal and neural systems, that is generally defined as a postural control system. Thus, the purpose of present study was to examine the effect of sensory systems manipulation on postural control in boys with 4-15 years-old. The statistical sample included 160 boys with age range of 4-14 years-old (in 4 age groups) and 40 male with age range of 22-25 years-old that selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. To evaluation of postural control, the sensory organization test of computerized dynamic posturography system was used. This test is composed of 6 conditions and can be assessed the sensory systems that involved in postural control. Also, weight, height and BMI of subjects were measured. The one-way ANOVA test results showed that there are significant differences in postural control among all groups. Based on the results of Bonferroni post hoc test in condition 1, boys up to 15 year-old cannot achieved to postural control similar to adults. Also, in condition 2, results showed that the differences between 13-15 year-old group and adults were not significant, but the differences between other age groups were significant (P<0.05). Furthermore, in condition 3 the results were obtained similar to condition 1. The 13-15 years-old boys, in condition 4, achieved in postural control similar to adults, so that there were no significant difference between this groups (P>0.05). In 5 and 6 conditions, Subjects in all age groups were not able to achieved postural control similar to adults (P<0.05). According to the results of present research, seems to boys up to 15 years-old could not be process, integration and organization of sensory systems information similar to adults.

Origanum vulgare (OV) has many beneficial effects in metabolic disorders from the viewpoint of traditional medicine. In this study, the effect of its administration on serum glucose and lipids and liver level of malondialdehyde (MDA) and aminotranferases were studied in streptozotocin-diabetic rats. Male rats (n = 32) were divided into 4 groups, i.e. control, OV-treated control, diabetic, and OV-treated diabetic groups. OV was administered p.o. one week after diabetes induction for 6 weeks. Serum glucose and triglyceride, total cholesterol, LDL- and HDL-cholesterol levels were determined before the study and at 3rd and 6th weeks after the study. Finally, liver level of MDA and activity of hepatic aspartate and alanine aminotransferases were determined. At 6th week, serum glucose level was significantly higher in diabetic and OV-treated diabetic groups (p<0.005-0.001) and OV treatment did not significantly reduce it. serum HDL-cholesterol level was significantly higher in OV-treated diabetics as compared to diabetic group (p<0.05). In addition, OV treatment of diabetic rats did not significantly reduce serum LDL cholesterol level, serum total cholesterol and triglyceride versus diabetic group. Chronic administration of OV to diabetic rats could increase serum HDL cholesterol level and did not have a significant effect on other lipids and on glucose level and hepatic enzymes and lipid peroxidation.

The purpose of this study was the evaluation of visuospatial task performance in elderly patients with and without Alzheimer's disease using the dual task. This study was a quasi-experimental and between subjects and within subjects design was used in it. The 23 subjects (11 females and 12 males) with an age range of 62 to 81 years; 13 patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and 10 healthy elderly subjects (EC) with normal cognitive function participated in this study. Identifying people with Alzheimer's disease and healthy people was performed based on physician diagnoses and the Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire (SPMSQ). After obtaining the overall error (E) or Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE), and variable error (VE) were calculated for the tracking task, participants performed cognition task (counting month of year in duration of 20 seconds) in two conditions (simple, difficult) with visiouospatial tracking task simultaneously. The results showed that the AD group compared to the matched controls (EC) in the visuospatial task performance in Single-task condition, more errors were committed. Also level of difficulty on accuracy drop and consistency the tracking task at dual-task conditions was significant (p < 0.05). But AD disease effect not significant (p > 0.05). A decline in visuospatial task affected by the increased interference at response level were due to defects in the mechanisms of selective attention in both groups.

Due to increasing cesarean section rate in recent decades among pregnant women and the effect of maternal desire to do delivery type and the importance of self-efficacy in the choice of delivery methods and overcome the fear of childbirth. Determine the self efficacy rate in pregnant women during the pregnancy is required. Research showed that mothers with Low self-efficacy, think that the delivery is unattainable and experience more fear during pregnancy. This study aimed to determine the relationship between self-efficacy and outcome expectations with delivery type's selection among pregnant women. This descriptive-analytical study was performed on 130 pregnant women referred to health centers in SHahrekord city. Sampling method was stratified. For data gathering the childbirth self-efficacy shot form and fear of childbirth questionnaires was used. Data analysis was performed by spss20. The results showed, there was inverse relationship between childbirth self-efficacy and fear of childbirth scores. (p <. /001). 51/5% of the pregnant women tend to NVD and 5/48% chose cesarean section, and the mothers who were desired to do a vaginal delivery, than those who choose cesarean section lower fear, (p <0/001) and had higher expected delivery and self-efficacy scores. The results of this study showed that the role of self-efficacy as a factor in the willingness of mothers to natural childbirth and coping with the pain of labor. Therefore, the design of appropriate educational interventions based on self-efficacy is required.

Obstructive sleep apnea, a common form of sleep disorder breathing, is highly prevalent in adults with approximately 20% adults having at least mild OSA. One of the most associated consequences is cardiovascular sequel. This study aimed to assessment of sleep apnea in Ischemic Heart Disease patients and whether pulse oximetry can predict apnea in this group of patients. 60 adult patients referred to Post CCU were selected. Patients with respiratory and CNS problem and using of sedative drugs were excluded. All participants including post AMI, CHF and acute coronary syndrome put under the portable device and pulse oximetry. Data were analyzed and compared using SPSS version 18 software. mean age was 61±11, 61.7% were female. There were no relationship between ESS>10 and ESS>16 with AHI>15, but there were significant correlation between ODI >10 with AHI more than 15 and 30. Sleep apnea is very common in cardiovascular cases and early diagnosis and management of OSA can help physician to control sign and symptom and decrease mortality and morbidity of patients.