فصلنامه مدیریت نظامی
پیاپی 35 (پاییز 1388)

As a social institution, organization is a purposeful entity with active and coordinated systems and linked to external environment. In the past, when the environment was relatively stable, many organizations, seizing the opportunities, would restrict themselves to just gradual and few changes. In the course of the history, however, organizations throughout the world have figured out that the gradual changes can not be a solution to the present problems; organization has to welcome certain fundamental changes required for its survival. Such changes are commonly known as BPR; a trend in which an organization's current functions are replaced with business trends and, therefore, organization shifts from function- oriented approach to process- oriented trend. Such a shift in approach fosters business trend, reduction in expenses and competitiveness of organization. ICT can play a facilitating role in BPR making changes mainly in the nature of the business, annexation of organization functions and conversion of competitive forces.

What was once identified as communications in military organizations is called ICT in the light of increasing developments of modern technologies in military fields. ICT is as significant in military industry as nervous system in human body. Then it is now feasible at senior managerial level; commanding level, to act decisively so that the most lucrative information (data analyzed in the organization by computerized data analysis systems) can be handled as communicatively as possible in the light of speed, accuracy and security and thereby all available resources can be handled with the highest flexibility. Given the slow trend of development of command and control system (C4I), this article is an attempt to run an analogical survey in the developed countries in order to identify, explore and approve statistically suggested axes and scales as to the system development. It makes both planning for executive measures struggling the challenges and apply the system in strategic planning for the vision document of the organization as to C4I.

Human knowledge and modern technologies are surprisingly developing which should happen in all aspects of man's life. Virtual banking is taken as one these aspects, which means application of internet in running banking operations without physical presence in bank branch offices. The purpose of this study is to explore the reluctance of Iranian public to virtual banking in spite of its distinctive advantages. Iranian public still likes to pay variety of bills directly rather than through virtual mechanism. To do the study a 78-item questionnaire was administered to 376 participants, who were mainly bank staff members, I T students, at least academicians and ordinary people holding associate diploma certificate. Main questions addressed the reluctance due to: lack of familiarity with internet and intranet, lack of command of English language, non-existence of appropriate software, hardware, cultural facilities and lack of confidence- building measures. Employing the likert scale as to the data collected through the questionnaire, the researcher found that the public reluctance first originates from lack of appropriate softwares and second from lack of confidence and trust on financial security in internet networks.

Judgment on technical and technological issues is of complex and multiple dimensions including simultaneous qualitative and quantitative parameters and criteria. Especially, making absolute and unambiguous judgment on abstract and continuous issues is rather problematic. To this end fuzzy logic and distance math are applied so that they can much more increasingly reflect the ideas of the technical experts and authorities and can remove any restrictions looming ahead of expressing opinions on these issues. This paper, while relying on hierarchical decision making approach, is an attempt to solve one of the problems ahead of military decision making; selection of radar technology missioned to provide preliminary air defense alert and through applying fuzzy logic and triangular fuzzy figures to make expert judgments on the radar technology selection for air defense missions and point out the advantages of such an approach in a military organization. Generalizing from the sample research studies in similar fields, attempt is made to develop and extend this application in other areas of technology selection and prioritizing in military fields, including application of fuzzy logic in order to access to flexibility and precision in judgments. Especially as to the choices with further qualitative and quantitative complexities.

Knowledge management in recent years has turned into a critical issue. Both academic and trade circles hold that organizations Relying on knowledge can secure their long term dominance in competitive fields. In fact, in an era of development and environmental uncertainties, successful organizations are those which continuously generate science, appropriately organize and disseminate it and apply it in technologies, products and services. This study is an attempt, while studying the status of knowledge management cycle in Iranian university of science and technology, to develop the cycle further. The model is composed of five main components including knowledge, generation, organization, exchange, application and revision. The findings may be used for strengthening the cycles and development of knowledge management cycle in other universities.

Nowadays competitive advantage does not belong to those organizations accessing the best and most knowledge, rather to those which can practically utilize knowledge purposefully. Knowledge is strongly connected to power to the extent that employments of power generation resources require optimal utilization of knowledge. Aimed at investigation of utilization of knowledge in Imam Ali University, this study tries to explore challenges, strengths and weaknesses of the issue and suggest solutions as to the improvement of the issue. The study is an applied one in purpose and descriptive in terms of data collection carried out based on library sources and administration of a questionnaire. The findings reveal that knowledge utilization enjoys a satisfactory status in the university, as the "staff attitude to utilize their knowledge" scored 24.9% while "the existence of knowledge application systems" scored 20.10% as the highest and lowest percentile, respectively. The findings can be used as to further application of knowledge.

Language is a means of organizing thought and human relations. Giving speech is also a natural duty of every military commander, which multiplies significance of language learning and rhetoric. To this end, every commander is expected to be rich in terms of the Persian lexicon in various areas. On the other hand, the media of speech should be rich enough in terms of lexicon so that it can offer requirements for its speaker. Past word formation and lexical selection processes pave the way for meeting the emerging needs in order to avoid borrowing. Knowledge of these processes in the military fields can predict the nature of the similar processes in the future. Historically, invasion of Iran by Alexander entailed a new era in the development of the Persian language; middle Persian which was followed by the dominance of Salukian and thereby Greek's culture influence on the Persian language to the extent that many new words entered the Persian language. Furthermore, the Persian language has enjoyed mutual effects in the form of exchange with many other nations and cultures. Given the fact that army men enjoyed noble position in the traditional Persia and many scholastic books of the Sassanid dynasty belonged to army men, then majority of the Persian lexicon was military words in principle that some of them entered Ferdowsi's Shahnameh (poetic collection) through translation and some of them being subject to literal and semantic changes entered the Persian language while some others lost their use.