فصلنامه برنامه ریزی فضایی (جغرافیا)
سال چهارم شماره 1 (پیاپی 12، بهار 1393)

The main objective of this study was to measure and analyze the relationship between social capital metropolitan good urban governance (Case Study: Nasim City) is. This method is based on the practical and analytical- descriptive and correlation survey. The study sample Nasim City residents (over 18 years) is considered. In terms of geographical distribution and population sampling using random sampling is done. This study is based on the premise of social capital and good urban governance, there is significant relationship between the components of social capital and components of good urban governance is a significant relationship. This study presents data from a questionnaire among citizens, private sector and government agencies have been collecting and analyzing data as well as their analysis using Spss software is trying to explain properly. Finally, after data analysis using Spss software test, Pearson correlation and path analysis was conducted using Amos software. Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.273 and SIG = 0.000, there is a significant relationship between social capital and civic optimal rule. Both options are significant at the %99 level. The results show that increasing social capital indicators of residents within the good urban governance will also increase.

The creation of new cities in our country is of no old history. However, urbanization process in the late two or three decades has rapidly been progressed and there is a relationship between the process of fortification of small towns and the improvement of rural expansion. In this article, there was an attempt to study effective elements in the villager's tendency into the merger of villages and creation of new cities. The research method here in this study in the viewpoint of aim is applied and methodologically is descriptive- analytical and correlation, main part of which involves data that have been collected based on field study and by sampling from 179 families in the area. The findings of this study based on the results of one- sample t-test to assess the impact of social, economic and environmental elements showed that these elements have an influence in villager's tendency to the merger of villages in a meaningful level, i.e. up to 95 percent and in average of 3.4 and 3.6. Besides, the results of two –sample t-test on the effect of villager's gender on their tendency shows that there is a meaningful difference in their tendency. But the results of Lowen and Kolmogroph- Esmirnoph tests depict that age and education as two variables have resulted in no difference in the villager's tendency. Having referred back to the findings, some solutions are proposed such as providing employment for unemployed active rural population in small cities in order to prevent the unemployed from migrating to metropolitans, improvement of local markets by the aim of presenting husbandry crops in the small cities, providing facilitation and investment in small cities and providing for the preservation of culture and tradition of rural areas, etc.

Today’s, the quality and the health conditions of living of towns and villages’ residents is as the central objective of urban and regional planning policies and health-therapeutic status of society is considered as an essential and important issue. Thus the purpose of this study is to survey and measure the provinces of Kermanshah in terms of enjoyment of health-therapeutic indexes. The research method used in this study is “descriptive, documentary and quantitative-analytical”. The sample of the study consists of all provinces of Kermanshah. Using the statistics of Statistical Yearbook 2009 in Kermanshah, in the present study health-therapeutic indexes has been analyzed by TOPSIS Model. The results show that none of provinces of Kermanshah are located in developed level regarding the enjoyment of health-therapeutic indexes according to the classification of the United Nations which has worked on categorizing human development’s indexes to three categories of developed, semi-developed, and undeveloped and two cities of Qasrshirin and Salas-e-babajani with total scores of 0.781 and 0.191 are the most affluent and deprived cities of the province concerning health-therapeutic indexes respectively. Finally, using clustering analysis, time-regional solutions have been proposed as a.s.a.p., short and medium term among the provinces. Pearson correlation test results showed a positive correlation between degree of urbanization and the enjoyment of health indicators in the city of Kermanshah Province.

This study aimed to identify factors affecting quality of life of rural staff aquaculture units in the selseleh township that has been with Exploratory and confirmatory methods. This research is a survey practical that need data’s were collected using questionnaires and interviews of the 160 workers, 35 of rural aquaculture in the region as a whole number. Initially by doing a comparative study documentary in the previous literature and a pilot study of 15 members of community members has been that helped to Reliability and validity of the survey instrument to complete a standard questionnaire and then one scale consisting 34-item and 12 indicators of both economic and social impacts for this study were selected. The analysis was exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis that helps of spss software and required tests were performed in three stages: the first stage for detection sampling adequacy and Bartlett and varimax rotation, 7 The primary factors were extracted. In the second stage verification method identified five independent variables were defined by regression function that ability explanted effective quality of life of rural staff aquaculture in the region. In third analysis stage it became clear that underlying variables of marital status, income and housing conditions can influence the quality of life for community members. Summing up results of three exploratory analysis, verification and underlying that: contribution retrieved from social factors on quality of life of rural staff aquaculture units in the selseleh township is most of the economic dimensions. since the main objective of establishing aquaculture units achieving employment and sustainable security economic- Social in the region and is very important, however it does not require the neglect of the environment dimension of sustainable development.

Horticulture activities have great importance in Lenjan township.In this area, both surface water and groundwater are used for irrigation in cultivated areas. As result of drought in recent years, there have been fluctuations in agricultural water suppliers. In this study, the effect of reduced water on the Cultivation and production of major horticultural crops should be analyzed. Research method is a "descriptive - analytic" and information has been provided by the resources and the documents related to relevant organizational characteristics. In the study process, data was analyzed based on the Pearson correlation, regression analysis, ANOVA, t-test statistic.

Nowadays, rural tourism is one of the important aspects of economic, social, cultural and environmental activities of human community that have a so many positive and negative effects on human’s life and is appreciable based on effects on accessing to sustainable development. Thus, the purpose of this study is, measuring the sustainable development level in tourism destination rural of Darb Gonbad rural district (Koohdasht province) from the local community attitude. This practical study is based on descriptive- annalistic methodology and had been used of document and field study method through of questionnaires for data gathering. The statistical approach (sample T-test, regression and path analyze) had been used for analyzing the collected data. Sample community of this survey calculated 3751people in the villages that with 0.05 errors, 154 questioners had been designed and randomly filled by sample community. The results of study explain that the changes become meaningful and become up than moderate level. Also, there is the positive relation between all of aspect (economic, social, cultural, environmental and physical) so the statistical tests result show that in totally, economic effects are most effective and environmental effects are less effective aspect in rural destinations sustainable development. In final, for ranking the rural sustainability had been used of VICOR technique that based that, Darb Gonbad village with 0.11 lay in best position and Baghleh Sofla village with 0.87 laid in worse condition of sustainability.

As one of the basic human needs, housing directly affects the quality of peoples’ life and is considered to be one of the main concerns of most families. Therefore, provision of suitable housing for citizens is one of the main objectives of economic development plans in many countries. It is important to note that the majority of housing policies have focused mainly on urban housing and despite the fact that an important part of the rural population, especially in developing countries, lives in inadequate housing in terms of physical conditions, little attention is paid on them by governments and other official institutions. The main purpose of this article is to examine the role of Iran’s new housing policy on the quality of housing constructions in rural areas. Given the fact that following the provision of low-interest rural housing loan since 2006, a considerable number of housing has been constructed in rural areas, assessing the effects of this policy can be important. In this study, villages in the Shaft District of Guilan province in the north of Iran have been selected as a case study. The data utilized in this study comes from a questionnaire survey through which 332 loan receiving families were studied. Statistical methods including T-test were used to analyze the collected data. The main findings of the study indicate a significant improvement in the physical structure, main building material and building facade of the newly built houses in rural areas. The newly constructed houses also reflect the changes in rural lifestyle in their physical patterns such as smaller size, fewer rooms and low rate of household per housing unit in comparison with the old houses. However, for the facilities, except the telephone rate, no significant difference is observed between the old and new housing units.

In resent desedes cities and metropolis have been fased rapid growth. At such conditations, public transportation system need more ability to response these aplication. In addition, welfar increasing and more income have been led to using of private vihcles. Base on what above mentioned, many problems such as traffic congestion, air and sound pollutions driving events and etc, have been increased. Isfahan metropolis such as other cities faces so problems. There are many important indicators to get sustainable development, like rapid and light traffic, safe and suitable transportation, therefore developing the public transportation systems are effective ways that can help to expand public services in cities. Metodology of study is base on combination of -Analytical – descriptive metod. In this research rol of the (BRT) system by using of documentary – field, method has been analyzed. Transporting means a movment process of people or goods form one place to there place, and the purpose of public transportation is to provide complex of services and facilities for improving traffic. There are bus and underyround rail way the most impotant. There are many of theories around transportation: * A.Soria theory: He emphasis on the role of urban pass networks that public vhicles move on. * Eugen Henard theory: He belives that the underground rail way is the best. * Lecbusier theory: His theory "greate city" is based on traffic and transportation. * Ebenezer Howard theory: He belives that the public railway network will solve the traffic problem. * Dawid Banister theory: He emphasis on the role of small vhicles that use of hydrogen fuel. * Lewis Mumford theory: He offered a new idea " town les Highway ". * Colin Buchanan theory: He defines an importan role for the pedestrans and improvement of public transportation. A) descriptive There are 50.3% Male and 49.7% Femail among the 400 sample. They have been distribution in variouse age group, (15-30, 31-60,+60). There are 30.1% employment and 60.9% un employment, 35% of them have enough income and 65% havenot current incom. The rate of BRT using, indicates: 40% conciderable and 23% much conciderable. Objective of BRT using among them is different: noneyoal 2.7%, wotking 18.8%, shopping 9.8%, to get educational centers 4.3% administrative and health services 18.5% and other thing are 3.3%. they have also stated varied reasons for using of BRT system, safety 9.3%, low cost 31.5%, speed 37.8%, easy acceptable 8.8%, quality 5.8%, environmental reason 2.8% and other things are 4.3%. B) Analetical 1 hyphothsis: BRT efficiency has been succesful in Isfshan trasportation system. By using of K2 hyphothsis1 has been tested, SPSS analysis indicates that rate of Sig is less than 5%, so, hyphothsis1 is confirmed. 2 hyphothsis: the most of people have stated their satisfication of BRT system. For mesaring sadisfication rate 17 questions have been stabilished, Sig rate in the whole of questions is less than 5%, therefore 95% assurancerate can confirm, people sadisfication. It also indicate that crowed of people in buses and low services on bus stops are not acceptable. Using of the various tests indicate the positive role of BRT in Isfahan, howover the rate of indexes are different. Expanding of electronic city. To change the urban rtansportation symbole. To estabilish more facilities on stops and suitable position. Increasing privat and individual space in the buses.

Iran before the present century has owned a relatively modest system, but in the last six decades, the capitalization development within the oil-based economic framework has led to urban system spatial imbalances in the country. On the other hand, the Spatial Equilibrium of the Urban System in National- Regional Levels is in the pledge of Spatial Equilibrium in region. So, the present study, with the objective of examining the Spatial Equilibrium of the Urban System in National- Regional Levels for 1956- 2012, has been performed. This method is descriptive - analytical. The statistical society includes the urban settlements in the past 60 years and data collection method is as evidence. In this study, in order to examine the spatial equilibrium of urban system in Iranian Provinces, the Entropy Model was used. This is evident that considering that the urban system tends to a desirable spatial equilibrium, but because of the difference with normal rate, the imbalance of spatial equilibrium of the urban system in national- regional levels in Iran is remained as in the case of the number of urban settlements, it is more evident.