مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تربت حیدریه
سال یکم شماره 4 (زمستان 1392)

Currently TV is a medium used by all family members and especially children. Excessive an dun controlled use of television by children expose them to some risks such developmental, social and psychological disorders. With regard to the important role of parents in their children's education and control of effective parameters on their children’s health promotion, this study aimed to determine the impact of education on the basis of the theory of planned behavior on the level and method of supervision of their parents on watching television by students in 2012. This quasi-experimental study was performed on 120 parents of students of the first grade and the fifth grade of primary schools in Gonabad who were randomly assigned into two interventional and control groups. Demographic and research information related to theory structures of planned behavior, knowledge and parents function and hours of television watch in gby children were collected by using a self-report question nairesat the time of intervention and one month later. Content Validity Ratio (CVR), Content Validity Index (CVI),panel of experts and its reliability for psychometric questionnaires were taken into account. Intervention was implemented with a teaching manual “children and television"inthree45-60minutesessionsfor parents of students in the intervention group in four groups of 15 people using group discussion focused on the theory structural of planned behavior. The data were analyzed usingSPSS-20softwareand Paired T-test, Independent T- test, Mann-Whitney, Wilcox on statistical tests. Before the intervention, there was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of demographic variables, the average hours of watching television by children, parents knowledge score and the mean of theory structures of planned behavior score. But after the intervention, significant differences in the average hours of watching television by children(from 6.74±2.02 to 4.28±2.40) (P=0.039),knowledge score(from 5.8±2.1to7.7±1.9) (P= 0.001),attitude structure scores(from 35.5±11.5to48.4±8.9) (P=0.003),subjective e norm(from ​​ 11.8±8.1 to24.5±8.6) (P>0.001)and behavioral intention(from18.6±7.4 to31.8±5.1) (P=0.001)were observed but no significant changes in the sevariables were observed in the control group. The result ssuggest that the educational intervention based on the theory structure of planned behavior can change knowledge, attitude, subjective norm, and behavioral intention of their parents in monitoring and controlling their children's television watching and improve the parents monitoring performance and can result in reducing watching television by their children. Using this teaching models recommended to improve parenting practices on other behavioral problems in children.

Diabetes is a disease with long cardiovascular, renal, eye and neural complications. Management of the disease requires a certain degree of self-regulation. The aim of this study was to investigate the predicting factors related to self-care behaviors among type 2 diabetic patients based on Health Belief Model(HBM).

This cross-sectional study was carried out on 390 diabetic patients referred to Hamadan Diabetes Research Center who were recruited with a simple sampling method. The participants completed a self-administered questionnaire including demographic characteristics, self-care behaviors and HBM construct. Data was analyzed by SPSS-19 using coefficient correlation, T-Test, One-way ANOVA, liner regression.

According to the results, Health model explained 29.6% of the variance in frequency of self-care behaviors. Perceived self-efficacy, perceived severity, perceived barrier and perceived susceptibility were the best significant predictors (P <0.05). Significant differences in average score of self-regulation behaviors in related to education level and family history in last care were seen (P <0.05).

These findings suggest that applying Health Belief Model would be an efficient tool for predicting self-care behaviors among diabetic patients.

PCR has high sensitivity and specificity for the determination offungal DNA. It is also useful for rapid identification of the most common species of Aspergillus. The purpose of this study was to compare culture method with nested PCR method to determine Aspergillesion in diabetic foot patient in Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran. Sixty-five cases of suspicious diabetic foot lesion Aspergillusis were examined under culture and molecular method. Aspergillus isolates were identified to genus level on the SGA. DNA extraction performed and PCR and Nested PCR reactions were done. Serum samples were collected and ELISA for anti bodies against all species were performed. Results were analyzed using ANOVA and P was considered significant at P<0.05. Of the total of 65 samples, 39 were diagnosed as Aspergillos is obtained from cultures. In PCR and Nested PCR using specific primers, 41 samples were diagnosed as Aspergillus.PCR and Nested PCR for species recognition were equal but differences in gender were recognized. ELISA results showed that 39 samples were positive. Although PCR is less sensitive than nested PCR, but we can recognize the most common pathogenic species, Aspergillus fumigatus. Our results showed significant differences between the results of culture and nested-PCR in the identification of the Aspergillus genus.

Medical waste is one of the most important environmental issues which have the dangerous factors. Planning of medical waste management is necessary to prevent waste from adverse effects on human and environmental health. The objectives of this study were to determine the quantity of different types of medical waste and waste management in Razi hospital of Torbat-e-Heydarieh. This descriptive cross-sectional study had both quantitative and quantitative analysis of infectious and non-infectious waste in Razi Hospital of Torbat-e-Heydariehover three years from 2010 to 2012. Data were collected daily. The data were analyzed using Exceland SPSS software. According to this study, the amount of medical waste generated had a normal distribution in all sectors. Results show that average waste production in Razi Hospital was 2.72± 0.35 kg/active / bed and average infectious waste was 1.07± 0.17kg/active / bed and general waste was 1.6± 0.17 kg/active / bed. Also 39.27 ± 2.99 infectious waste was generated which is the greatest amount in the maternity part of the hospital 15.04 ± 2.6 Kg and women sector was 15.34 ± 2.7 Kg. Maximum general and safe amount of waste 18.75 ± 2.2 Kg is produced in the innerpart. Increased rates of infectious waste showed that despite the plentiful efforts for managing of medical waste, there are still problems with the proper management system especially with regard to the separation of waste.

Congenital hypothyroidism is one of the most common preventable causes of mental retardation in the world the irreversible complications of which can be prevented with timely diagnosis and treatment by the fourth week. This study determined the prevalence of risk of congenital hypothyroidism in Torbat-E-Heydarieh. In this cross-sectional study according to the public screening of new burns for congenital hypothyroidism in the Torbat-E-Heydariyeh in 1390. Infants of 3 to 5day sold were monitored in allareascovered by the School of Medical Sciences Torbat-E-Heydariyeh. Heel blood samples were collected and filtered using What-man BFC180paper for serum TSH levels, and they were then assessed. The data were analyzed with T-test, two- way ANOVA and chi-square using the SPSS19. P<0.05 was considered as significant. 2500 newborns were screened, 62.5% of them were infants. Incidence of congenital hypothyroidism was 1.2inevery 1000live births respectively (p<0.03). Serum TSH levels in 92.1% of infants with hypothyroidism were 5 to 9.9mu/Lit and 5.26% of infants10 to19.9mu/Lit and the 2.63% of infants were over 20mu/Lit. In accordance with the high rate of transient hypothyroidism in the monitored population, it is better in the original sampling, amount of T3, T4 were assessed for reducing false positive results.

The lifestyle is part of living that is actually being realized which covers a full range of activities that people do every day. These activities and habits include:eating habits, sleeping and rest, physical activity, weight control, smoking and alcohol, immunization against disease, compatibility with stress, and the ability to support family and community. Therefore, the present study aimed tofind out the effect of education program based on BASNEF model on healthy lifestyle of langroud’taxi drivers in 2012 with emphasis on physical activity,nutrition and lack of smoking. The present study was a quasi-experimental study to find outthe healthy lifestyle (fits BASNEF model)on the 200 taxi drivers of langroud city in 2012. The sampling method was multi-stage random sampling. In the first stage, drivers were randomly divided into control and interventional groups. Then, in each group based on age and education level, 100 drivers (n=100) were randomly selected. Data were collected through a researcher made questionnaire based on BAZNEF model. The validity and reliability were confirmed by experts and Cornbrash’s alpha coefficient was(79/6%). After primary data collection, educational intervention was performed and 2 months later data were collected again. In the study (p< 0/05)was consideredsignificant. The Result of paired t- test showed that average knowledge scores, attitude, behavior, subjective norms and enabling factors of 27/61,39/48,30/98,9/28,13/6to35/18,43/23,36/35,10/89,16/04increase before the intervention. Also the result ofPearson Correlation showed that knowledge variable is more than othervariables.The highestcorrelationis with behavior. The regression showedthat knowledge variable and enabling factors are the most effective structure in predicting healthy lifestyle. The results of this study showed that education program based on BAZNEF model is effective to promote a healthy lifestyle in urban taxi drivers.

According to available statistics, AIDS is still one of the most deadly diseases in the world which killed 1.8 million people in 2010. This study aimed to assess the effect of educational program on knowledge, attitude and behaviors of disease transmission in patients with AIDS. This research is a quasi experimental study which involved 92 patients with AIDS / HIV Saravan and Sarbaz in 2012. Due to the low number of patients with the sampling, the method was census. Researcher-developed questionnaire included demographic information, knowledge questions, questions of attitude and performance in a preliminary test and again in the second test(after implementing the curriculum) were used. Experts confirmed the validity of the questionnaire and its reliability coefficient alpha 0.72 was confirmed. To describe data, the parameters of the central (mean) and dispersion (standard deviation) for the analysis of independent t-tests, paired t-test, Chi-square and Pearson correlation were used. Before the intervention, the mean score of knowledge, attitude and behavior was not significantly different between the two groups. T-test results showed that the mean scores of all variables after training in the experimental group has significantly increased (p<0/001). There was a significant correlation between knowledge, attitudes and behavior. Survey results indicate that the training program on knowledge, attitudes and behaviors to promote effective prevention of HIV transmission and to increase the knowledge and attitudes can promote the preventive behaviors.

Needs assessment can assist practitioners in using resources effectively to improve program decision making. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the educational needs of health care providers (Behvarzan) working towards maternal health in health networks in Savehby means of knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP). A descriptive- cross sectional study was conducted on 86 employees of Saveh Health Centers. The instrument for data collection was a researcher-developed questionnaire including four parts: demographic characteristics (6 questions), knowledge (17 questions), attitude (7 sentences) and practice (20sentences) about maternal health. The questionnaire was used for data collection along with face to face interviews and observation to fulfillthe required validity and reliability. Data were coded and analyzed by SPSS software using one-way ANOVA, chi-square, and T-test. The results showed that, 54.6% of the subjects had high knowledge about maternal health, whereas 34.9% and 10.5% of them had moderate and low level of awareness, respectively. In addition, 76.8% of the subjects had high attitude towardsmaternal health. Regarding the performance of maternal health, only 18.6% had good practice. There were significant differences for KAP by the level of education and sex. The level of care providers’knowledge and attitude of health were better than their practice. Provision of theory base educational programs for the improvement of practice is recommended.

Life style is formed in adolescence period. Despite the importance of fruit and vegetable consumption (FVC) in promoting health, FVCin adolescents is not in a desirable level, so the present study was done with the aim of determining perceived barriers (PB) of FVC among female high school students. This is a cross-sectional study that was conducted in 2013. Four hundred female high school students in Gochan were selected by using two stage sampling method. Data were collected through a valid and reliable questionnaire. Data were analyzed by using SPSS18 software and one- way ANOVA. Mean score of PB was 49.06±18.02 (score between 0-100). PB in 20.8% of the students was in a low level, 62% in a moderate level and in 17.3% was in a high level. Expensiveness of fruit and lack of education by teachers were the most important PB, respectively. There was a significant association between PB and parents’ educational level, parent’s job and economic status and number of household. Expensiveness of fruit and lack of education by teachers were the most important PB.It is therefore recommended that students with lower economic status, lower parents’ educational level and students with large household be identified, and appropriate intervention should be done to decrease PB.