مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی رفسنجان
سال سیزدهم شماره 3 (پیاپی 62، خرداد 1393)

Diabetes mellitus appears in hyperglycemia mode and ulcers in extremities. Hyperglycemia can lead to impair wound healing in diabetic patients. Electromagnetic fields (EMF) with different intensities have distinctive effects on animal cells. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of low frequency electromagnetic field on wound healing in diabetic rats. In this experimental study،30 rats were divided into six groups; normal control group، diabetic control group، diabetic sham-exposed and diabetic experimental groups 1 and 2 that were treated 22 days by EMF with intensity of 10 and 400 gauss for 4 hours daily. In normal control group and after diabetes induction in diabetic groups، wounds with length of 4 cm in two sides of the dorsal body were created. Then، samples were exposed to electromagnetic radiation and investigated the percentage of wound healing on days 1، 2، 6، 10، 14، 18 and 22. Data was analyzed by one way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey at the level of 0. 05. The percentage of wound healing on days 10، 14، 18 and 22 in diabetic experimental group 1 in comparison to diabetic control group increased significantly (p=0. 015)، (p=0. 009)، (p=0. 002) and (p=0. 018). The percentage of wound healing on days 14، 18 and 22 in diabetic experimental group 2 compared with diabetic control group decreased significantly (p=0. 029)، (p=0. 015) and (p=0. 022). Electromagnetic field with intensities of 10 and 400 gauss has different effects on wound healing in diabetic samples. Low intensities accelerate wound healing and high intensities inhibit wound healing.

AIDS is one of the most serious and fatal infectious diseases. The self-efficacy of preventive behaviors can be effective in promoting health and controlling the major problems of the world. This study was carried out to find the relationship between self-efficacy and perceptiveness, benefits and severity in regard to adopting AIDS preventive behaviours among university students. This study was done with 296 students in Kerman University of Medical Sciences who were enrolled into this cross-sectional descriptive-analytic study by stratified random sampling in 2011. Data were collected by a questionnaire including demographic part, awareness-testing questions and constructs of perceived susceptibility, severity, benefits and self-efficacy. Judgment criteria for ranking the participants were levels of responding less than 50% and over 75%. Data analysis was performed using independent t test, ANOVA, x2 test and Pearson correlation coefficient. 44.7% of the self-efficacy score, 58.8% of the knowledge score and 80.3% of perceived benefits score of students were assessed as suitable levels. While only 3.5% of sensitivity score and less than 1% of perceived severity score were in good levels. Self-efficacy score showed significant relationship with gender (p=0.004), perceived awareness (p=0.001) and perceived benefits (p=0.000); while, it released no significant relationship with age, field of study, marital status and perceived susceptibility and severity (p>0.05). It seems that it will have useful results to pay attention to the role of awareness and perceived benefits in order to increasing self-efficacy of participants. It is recommended in future studies should examine the relationship between these structures and AIDS preventive behaviours.

Most accidents can be directly attributed to human factors. The aim of this study is to determine the validity and reliability of drivers aberrant behavior questionnaire in urban Bus Company. This descriptive study was performed on 168 subjects (in order to exploratory factor analysis) and 161 subjects (for the sake of confirmatory factor analysis) from bus drivers in Tehran city. In this study, method of random and stratified sampling were used for selection of drivers and the samples were selected based on the number of items on the questionnaire. In the present study, the items of aberrant driver's behavior questionnaire obtained based on Persian version of unsafe behavior questionnaire of public drivers. For determination of the questionnaire factors and the confirmation exploratory factor analysis (with extraction method of principal axis factoring analysis and Varimax rotation) and confirmatory factor analysis were used, respectively. For the exploratory factor analysis, Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin and Bartlett tests and extraction factors and for the confirmatory factor analysis standard loads, t-values and fit model were used. The results of the exploratory factor analysis (EFA) excluded four factors: risky violation, slip and lapse, highway violation and mistakes. The findings of the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) confirmed a significant relationship between the manifest variables (questions) and latent elements (factors) and showed that structures have an acceptable fit in the samples. Aberrant driver's behavior questionnaire among bus drivers has suitable validity and reliability. Therefore, using this tool is support and reliable in the future research.

Phenolic acids, polyphenols and flavonoids are antioxidant compounds, which act as cell protective factors against oxidative stress by trapping and inhibition of free radicals, play an important role in plants and animals health. In this research, in order to optimize extraction of antioxidant compounds, phenolic and flavonoid contents and antioxidant activity of Scutellaria pinnatifida aerial part were determined. Dried powder of aerial part from two populations, Dizin and Kojur, was extracted with ethanol 80%, methanol 80%, water and ethyl acetate, by two soaking and sonication methods. Then, the contents of total phenolic and flavonoid compounds were assayed by spectrophotometric methods. Antioxidant activity of the extracts were analyzed by two tests: free radical scavenging activity using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and bleaching β-carotene in linoleic acid system. Statistical analysis of the data was performed by One-way and two-way ANOVA to compare the means. The highest content of total phenol and flavonoid (8 and 24 mg/g Shoot dry weight, respectively) was obtained by soaking method and ethanolic extraction in Kojur population. While in Dizin population with the same extraction techniques, the contents of the mentioned compounds were at very low levels (5.6 and 1.6 mg/g DW, respectively). IC50 value of the ethanolic, methanolic and aqueous extracts were estimated about 0.1- 1.2 mg/ml in the Kojur population. The phenolic and flavonoid contents of these extracts were significantly higher than ethyl acetate extracts. With the exception of aqueous extract prepared by soaking, scavenging capacity of DPPH free radicals by different extracts of Dizin population was considerably lower than the Kojour population. The antioxidant assay results obtained from beta-carotene-linoleic acid test showed that the highest inhibition percentage of lipid peroxidation resulted from aqueous extracts prepared by ultrasonic waves (respectively 93% and 50% inhibition by extracts of the Kojour and Dizin populations). The means of total phenolic and flavonoid contents of the extracts were significantly different under the influence of three factors: population, extraction method and solvent. The highest antioxidant activity was observed in Kojur population: by soaking methanolic extraction method in DPPH test or by sonicate aqueous extraction method in the inhibition of lipid peroxidation test.

In recent years, it is recommended to use natural materials like plant extracts and essences instead of chemical preservatives in food industry. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of shoot extract of purple coneflower against some gram positive and gram negative bacteria. This Laboratory study was conducted in 2013. Two extraction methods (maceration and microwave-assisted) with three solvents (water, methanol 80% and acetone) were used to extract the phenolic compounds from purple coneflower shoot The micro-organisms investigated in this study were: Bacillus cereus, Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli, Shigella dysenteriae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Experimental data were analyzed using ANOVA by the SPSS version 15 software and mean comparison were done using the Duncan's multiple range test. The highest total phenolic content was related to the methanol extract produced by microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), whereas in both extraction methods, the lowest amount of phenolic was obtained by using acetone extract. Comparing the extraction methods showed that MAE had higher extraction efficiency in all three tested solvents. Regarding to antimicrobial activity of purple coneflower shoot extracts, the minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration were observed in gram positive bacteria (Bacillus cereus and Listeria monocytogenes). Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most resistant bacterium against the extracts. The results showed that in most cases, the extracts obtained by MAE method had more antimicrobial activity in comparison to traditional method. In addition the microwave-assisted extract of this plant can be considered as a food preservative. However, more studies, such as examinations in food models are needed to unravel the antimicrobial effects of given plant.

Salubrinal- a protein synthesis inhibitor- plays a crucial role in sleep and neuronal inhibition through the GABA activation. According to these evidences, the aim of the present study was to determine the effect of salubrinal on epileptic seizures induced by pentylenetetrazol (PTZ). In this expremental study under stereotaxical surgery, three monopolar electrodes were fixed on the skull bone of animals and a cannula was implanted in the right cerebral ventricle according to Paxinos coordinates. After 7 days of recovery, each animal received intracerebroventricular (ICV) vehicle, diazepam (0.2 mg/rat) or salubrinal (25 or 50 µg/rat) 10 minutes before Pentylenetetrazol injection (subcutaneous, 60mg/kg). Electrophysiological and behavioral parameters of induced seizures were recorded during 60 minutes. Salubrinal (25 and 50 µg/rat) significantly retarded the onset of generalized tonic-clonic seizures when compared to vehicle treatment (p<0.05). Epileptic discharge duration and ictal discharge duration were significantly shortened in salubrinal treated rats (p<0.05). Additionally, the rats treated with salubrinal (25 and 50 µg/rat) had lower seizure stage scores, as compared to vehicle treated rats (p<0.05). The findings of this study revealed that shortly after ICV. administration of salubrinal, epileptic seizures can be significantly decreased. Also, the findings suggest that protein synthesis is an essential process during development of epileptic seizures.

Water corrosion leads to increase in toxic metals concentration, such as arsenic, copper, lead, cadmium, zinc, nickel, iron and manganese in water. Toxic metals in water consumers cause acute health risks. Scaling water leads to economic and technical problems. Thus, The aim of this study was to investigate the corrosion and scaling potential of wells drinking water and aqueducts in rural areas adjacent to Rafsanjan fault. This cross-sectional study was performed during October to December in 2013. 120 water samples were totally taken through grab sampling in two stages from 22 wells and 38 aqueducts in rural areas adjacent to Rafsanjan fault. The temperature, calcium hardness, alkalinity, total dissolved solids, and pH were measured. The potential of corrosion and scaling of waters were analyzed using corrosion Indexes. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics. Langelier indexes for 90 percent of wells and 92 percent of aqueducts, were positive and 86 percent of wells and 84 percent of aqueducts of Rayznar index obtained less than 7. Aggressiveness index for 86 percent of wells and 81 percent of aqueducts was more than 12 and 64 percent of wells and aqueducts of Pockurius index was less than 6. It was realized that wells and aqueducts drinking water in rural areas adjacent to Rafsanjan fault has scaling tendency by survey of corrosion indexes. Thus, it is necessary to stop economical loss and hygienic harms in order to maintaine water quality stabilization.