نشریه دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بیرجند
سال بیست و یکم شماره 3 (پیاپی 60، پاییز 1393)

Nowadays resistance to antibiotics and their side effects has emerged as a worldwide problem. As a result، tend to use anti-bacterial compounds of plant origin has been increased. Mint plant scientifically called Mentha spicata L. is one of the plants which has many medicinal uses and its antibacterial effects is a matter of debate. We aimed to study antibacterial effects of Mentha spicata L essential oil on 8 standard bacterial species including Escherichia coli، Bacillus cereus، Klebsiella pneumoniae، Pseudomonas aeruginosa، Staphylococcus aureus، Shigella flexneri، and two Salmonella species. In this experimental study، using micro-dilution broth method and reading the results by ELISA reader، minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of mint essential oil were determined against the 8 standard bacterial strains. The lab tests were repeated for three times. The results were analyzed by statistical tests. The MIC for Mentha spicata L essential oil was significantly different among the bacterial species (p <0. 05). The highest growth inhibitory effect was found against Bacillus cereus and the least ones were recorded against Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus. No significant difference was found between the bacterial MBCs (p> 0. 05). This study revealed significant and selective antibacterial characteristics for Mentha spicata L suggesting to be used in pharmaceutical and food industries.

Today, it is known that some natural and synthetic compounds possess antioxidant properties and as a result, have gained a lot of significance in food industry. Many of these compounds have got important roles in protecting the liver against destructive factors.. The present study is an attempt to survey the antioxidant properties of berberis vulgarris syrup and its liver preserving effects in the rat damaged by carbon tetrachloride. In this experimental study, total antioxidant capacity of berberis vulgarris syrup was assessed at first using FRAP method and phenolic compound content was tested through FolinCiocalteumethod. Then, radicals neutralizing effects of berberis syrup were examined by means of DPPH method. Our subjects,i.e. 66 rats, were randomly divided into 6 equal groups. Then, they were fed with Berberis vulgarris syrup at different doses (1%, 4%, and 20%) for four weeksFinally. serum content of aminotransferase (SGPT and SGOT), alkaline phosphatase,and bilirubin were measured. The obtained data was analyzed using variance analysis and Tukey test through SPSS software (V:15). BerberisVulgarris syrup has high antioxidant properties as indicated by FRAP method. Results obtained from DPPH method showed that DPPH radicals are better controlled by reducing their production to the consumption interval. FolinCiocalteu test demonstrated that with an increase in the polyphenol combination, through reducing production to consumption time, a significant increase in polyphenol combination occurred. Tetrachloride carbon treatment significantly increased serum level of alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate transferas of the sample (P≤0.01). But the syrup had no effect in reducing these parameters. As suggested by the results, BerberisVulgarris syrup failed to preserve the liver of the rat against oxidative damages caused by carbon tetrachloride but iteven showed a proxidative effect.

The use of plant compounds to treat infections is an age-old practice in a large part of the world. Members of Rosacea family have long been used for food and medicinal purposes. The aim of this study is evaluation of antimicrobial effect of five different brands of rose water, water extract of Rosa damascene in comparison with rose oil. Five different brands of rose water, water extract of rosa damascene and rose oil were tested for antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212, Esherichia coli ATCC 25922, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans by broth micro dilution assay. Rosewater with five concentrations of 1%, 10%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% in the culture media and water extract of rosa damascene with six concentrations of 0.2, 2, 5, 10, 15 and 20 mg/ml and Rose oil with five concentrations of 0.1, 1, 2.5, 5 and 10 μl/ml were studied. All bacterial turbidities were examined visually. Each test was repeated three times. In this study, the use of any concentration of rose water failed to inhibit the growth of microorganisms, completely. However, we found that there is a significant difference between rising of rose water concentration and decreasing the microorganism growth. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of water extract of Rosa damascene were 8 mg/ml in Staphylococcus aureus, 6 mg/ml in Enterococcus faecalis and Esherichia coli, 4 mg/ml in Candida albicans. The MIC values of rose oil were 10 µg/ml in Staphylococcus aureus and Esherichia coli, 5 µg/ml in Enterococcus faecalis, 1 µg/ml in Candida albicans. We also found no inhibitory effect of Rose extract and Rose oil on Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This study showed rose water, water extract of rosa damascene and rose oil have anti-microbial effects. However, clinical use of this material requires more and larger studies.

Hyperalgesiua is a symptom of neuropathy due to diabetes. The present study aimed at investigating. antineurologic effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Cyperus Rotundus in diabetic rats. In this experimental study, the rats were randomly divided into seven equal groups i.e. control, Cyperus Rotundus treated control (dose 100mg/kg), diabetic, diabetic receiving sodium salicylate (dose 200 mg/kg), ., and 3 more diabetic groups peritoneally receiving. Cyperus Rotundus extract doses of 1mg/kg, 10mg/kg, 100mg/kg, respectively. The injections. were performed one week after diabetes induction for two weeks. Then, thermoalgesia rate in the subjects was assessed using formalin, acetic acid, and tail immersion of the rats in hot water. Cyperus rotundus extract significantly reduced both phases of formalin-induced pain in a dose-dependent manner of 10mg/kg and 100mg/kg followed by a significant decrease of antineuragia (P<0.001 and P<0.01, repectively). In the hot water tail immersion test, the treatment of the dose-dependent extract was followed by a significant increase in tail immersion latency in hot water compared to non- treated diabetic group (P<0.1, P<0.05 and P<0.00, respectively1). In the acetic acid test. treatment with dose-dependent extract decreased the number of abdominal compressions compared to the control and non- treated diabetic groups. Administration of Cyperus rotundus extract for 2 weeks. increased thermoalgia tolerance and reducedchemical pain in an experimental model of diabetes mellitus rats. Thus, this administration can act as an auxiliary treatment for diabetic hyperalgesia.

Wound healing is a complex and dynamic process with the wound environment changing with the changing health status of the individual. Therefore identification new natural products is necessary for accelerate wound healing. The present study investigated the effect of topical application of Persian Gulf brittle star alcoholic extract on wound healing in Balb/C mice. 40 Balb/C mice were divided randomly into 4 groups including: control group, positive control (treatment with honey), negative control (treatment with physiological serum), and experimental group (treatment with extract 1% of brittle star). In all groups in posterial part 1 hole (6 mm in diameter) wound created. On the 3th, 6th, 9th and 12th day after creation wound, samples were collected from the healing hole. Histopathological changes were investigated and analyzed by Spss software and using ANOVA test for repeated measured data with p<0.05. Significant changes in proliferation of inflammatory cells (on the 12th day), epithelium thickness (on the 6th day), more angiogenesis (on the 6th- 9th day), in the experimental wounds were compared with those in the control group. However, experimental group with positive control were not significantly different in these days. Findings of this research indicated that the topical application of brittle star extract posse positive impact on wound healing process.

Nowadays, Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the most important cause of death in the world. Given the role of cardiac risk factors in the development of atherosclerosis in childhood, the present study was done to investigate the effect of “healthy heart education program.” on knowledge and attitude of junior1 students in Birjand during 2011. This pre-post quasi-experimental study was done on 395 first grade students of Birjand junior high schools. Multistage randomized sampling method was used. A self-designed questionnaire on the basis of the specified goals of the study was designed, after confirming its validity and reliability. The questionnaires were filled out in two stages, namely before and after interference. The obtained data was analyzed using SPSS. software (V:16) at the significant level of α=0.05. Mean age of students was 12.48±0.57 years and 181 (45.8%) were male. Mean score of knowledge on risk factors of CVD was 8.26±3.21 before the education and 9.31±3.77 after it (P<0.001). Mean of the students’ attitude also increased from 38±4.93 to 39.1±5.78 (P<0.001). The impact of education on awareness and attitudes of the students was confirmed. Thus, healthy heart education programs in schools, as an educational priority, should be focused on the part of officials and managers in health the education systems.

Oxidative stress is reported to be the cause of many diseases, especially in the obese. Recently, the use of herbal supplements, particularly polyphenols – has been emphasized to prevent the formation of free radicals. Thus, the present study was performed to determine the effect of long-term pomegranate supplementation and aerobic training on total antioxidant activity and lipid peroxidation in overweight men. Twenty overweight men were assigned to two equal supplement and placebo groups in a randomized and double-blind study (200mg/day pomegranate or dextrose for two months). Meanwhile, both groups participated in running tests with Vo2max70 during the period. Then, blood samples of the subjects were taken during three phases (before and after the 4th and the 8th week of the running. Finally, the obtained data (Mean±SD) was analyzed by means of SPSS software (V: 20) using ANOVA and Bonferroni statistical tests at the significant level P≤0.05. It was found that MDA index decreased in the pomegranate supplementation group compared to placebo group (P=0.016). But, total antioxidant capacity (TAC) index in neither of the groups was significant (P=0.72). Results of the study indicate that pomegranate supplementation can reduce MDA derived from lipid peroxidation after 8 week running training in the obese.

Due to the increase number of articles publishing in scientific journals, as well as the importance of their quality in the production and transmission of knowledge in medical sciences, the current study aimed at assessing the quality of the published papers in the Journal of Birjand University of Medical Sciences before and after of their peer review. In this descriptive analytical study, the quality of original research articles published in the Journal of Birjand University of Medical Sciences during 2012 was evaluated before and after their peer review. Means of collecting the necessary data was a checklist with 84 items regarding each article, which was completed before and after peer reviewing process. A 5-point scale was used for every item. One sample t-test and paired t-test were used to compare the scores and P<0.05 was taken as the statistical significant level. Totally, 46 original research articles were evaluated whose mean total score in the first edition was 3.36±0.54 and in the respective printed version it was 4.32±0.28, which was moderate to high.. Comparison of the mean scores before and after peer reviewing showed some improvement in the quality of all parts of the articles (P<0.001). Peer review improved the quality of articles, particularly in the titles, editing and findings. Since accurate medical research reports in the correct information transfer to professionals and researchers, what JBUMS has done can be useful and valuable.

Physical activity is an effective health behavior not only to prevent various health problems but also to promote healthy lifestyle. Transtheoretical model (TTM) is one of the models applied to assess physical activity behavior. The aim of the current study was to investigate factors affecting physical activity behavior among employees of Birjand universities, based on the model. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 200 employees in deputies of Research and Education sectors in Birjand universities, who were recruited through Census method. The instrument for data collection was a questionnaire including demographic variables and having the constructs of Transtheoretical model. The questionnaire was completed through self-reported method. Validity of the questionnaire was tested by experts regarding its face and content validity. The questionnaire`s reliability was confirmed using Cronbach's alpha and correlation coefficient through test-retest method. The obtained data was analyzed by one-way ANOVA, Kruscal-Wallis and post hoc Tukey's test using SPSS software (V: 16) and P<0.05 was taken as the significant level. Mean age of the participants was 36.9 ± 8.9 yrs. Out of 200 subjects 90 (45%) were male. Among the participants 14% were in precontemplation stage, 28% in contemplation, 29% in preparation, 7.8% in the action, and 21.2% in maintenance stage of physical activity behavior. ANOVA test revealed a significant difference between the physical activity stage of change and pros, decisional balance, process of change, self-efficacy (p<0.001). Since the majority of employees had a sedentary lifestyle, it is a necessity to conduct some planned interventions in order to promote their physical activity behavior. Regarding this, interventions based on transtheoretical model can be helpful.

Noise is the most common source of environmental stress that influences negatively the psychological and physiological aspects of human. The purpose of this study was determining the noise sources and assessing in General Intensive Care Unit. In this cross-sectional study, equivalent noise level "Leq 15 min", Maximum and Minimum sound pressure level were measured on 5 stations, during the all of day and night shifts period in different place including corridor, nursing station, rest room and hospitalization parts. The data were processed by means of SPSS and Excel software. Mean sound pressure level for GICU was 60.9±1/6 dBA that is more than the standard level. The mean of maximum noise level was obtained 82.5±2 dBA and the highest noise level was measured at nursing station. There was significant difference in Noise Pollution level based on different months, level of patient's conciseness and number of ventilator using (P < 0.05). Being more noise pollution in the ICU and stations on all shifts may cause to diminish health and well-being of the staff in long-term and produce some problems for the patient. According to the highest level of noise produced in nursing stations and the different activities doing by the staff as a main noise pollution factor, it's necessary to perform required training in relationship with doing the works in right manner so that we can produce quiet and silence environment for patience.

The aim of the current study was to determine prevalence of obesity and overweight in 2-5 year olds and its association with parental obesity in Birjand. This descriptive - analytical study was conducted on five hundred2-5 year olds of Birjand kindergartens and their parents in 2009. Height, weight, and BMI of the subjects were measured using standard methods. In the children, BMI of 85-95 percentile were taken as overweight and BMI≥95 percentile for age and sex were accounted as obese. Regarding parents, BMI of 25 - 29 were considered as overweight and BMI≥30 as obesity. The obtained data was analyzed by means of SPSS software (V: 13) at the significant level of α=0.05. Prevalence of obesity in children was 7.6% (6.3% in girls, 8.8% in boys) and that of overweight was 10.6% (11.7% in girls, 9.6% in boys). Out of all fathers and mothers, 44.2% and 30.2% were overweight, respectively and also 7.8% of fathers and 6.8 of mothers were obese. Prevalence of overweight and obesity in children of mothers with normal BMI were 15%, but in those having overweight and obese mothers it was 24%. This prevalence was 15.4% in children with normal BMI fathers and in children having overweight and obese fathers it was 20.8%. It was found that there was a significant positive association between children’s BMI and that of their parents (r=0.11, r=0.12, P<0.05). Given the significant and positive correlation between children's and their parents’ obesity, it is important to educate Families to improve their eating patterns and life styles for weight control in their children, particularly in those having obese members.

Meniscal flounceis a rare, wavy shaped folding along the free edge of the meniscus that observed in. MRI images. This is a feature of transient distortion of a normal meniscus but it can be regarded as a pseudo- meniscal tear. The aimof the currentstudy was to evaluate the incidence of this normal variant. A total number of1001 knee MRI images. were prospectively studied to checkmeniscal flounceand meniscoligamentous injuries in patients referred to. Kosar MRI center of Imam Reza hospital in Mashhad (2009-2011). In this study the most common meniscoligamentousinjury was diagnosedin the right medial meniscus (17.8%). The most common accompanying injuries were theright medial meniscal tear and the right anterior cruciate ligament. The incidence of meniscal fluencewas 1%. The meniscal flounce observed in MRI images should be carefully interpreted because it can simulatea meniscal tear. This underscores the importance of correlating diagnostic images with clinical signs and symptoms and also avoidance of unnecessary MRI requisition inpatients whom some low probable diagnostic doubt exists.

Citrobacter is a gram-negative, nonsporeforming, facultative anaerobic and motile bacillus within the family of Enterobacteriaceae and is ubiquitous in nature. This opportunistic pathogen causes a wide spectrum of infections. The aim of the present study was to examine the isolation of Citrobacter spp. from blood specimens in patients hospitalized in Kermanshah Imam Khomeini hospital and to determine the isolates sensitivity to antibiotics. This cross- sectional study was carried out on 2285 blood specimens collected from hospitalized patients between March 2012 and February 2012. In the beginning, the blood samples were inoculated in blood culture tubes media. The Citrobacter spp. isolates were identified and their identification was confirmed by means of morphological and biochemical laboratory tests. Drug sensitivity test was carried out according to CLSI (2011) recommendations through using the standard disc diffusion method. In this study Citrobacter spp. were isolated from 21 (15.8%) of 133 culture positive blood specimens collected from the hospitalized patients. The most effective antimicrobial agents against Citrobacter isolates were imipenem (90.4%), and amikacin (71.5%), respectively. The most frequent resistance observed was to cephalothin (76.2%), ciprofloxacin (76.2%), ceftazidime (66.6%) and co-trimoxazole (62%). Citrobacter isolates showed high resistance to betalactam antibiotics. Therefore, it is necessary that these drugs should only be administered to patients whose diagnostic isolates reveal sensitivity in vitro.

Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) strains are a causative agent in most of the urinary tract infections (UTIs), which constitute a multitude of virulence factors. There is little information about phylogenetic group distribution, types, and their virulence factors in Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) in different areas of Iran. In the present study, the phylogenic pattern and prevalence of four known uropathogenic virulent factors were identified by means of multiplex-PCR. In this cross-sectional study, one hundred E. coli isolates were collected from patients with urinary tract infection in zabol during. January - August 2013- and the isolates were verified using conventional biochemical and morphologic tests. DNA of all isolates was extracted by means of boiling method. The prevalence of virulent genes and phylogenetic groups was determined employing Multiplex-PCR. Finally, the obtained data was analyzed using Fisher's exact test. Prevalence of cnf1, iha, irp2 and ompT genes were 28%, 29%, 89%, and 67%, respectively. Furthermore, the distribution of A, B1, B2 and D phylogenetic groups were 17%, 6%, 55% and 22%, respectively. Overall, virulent genes were more prevalent (96%, 66%, 61% and 79% respectively) in groups B2 isolates. It was found that UPEC isolates largely belong to phylogenetic group B2, which carry the most frequent and number of virulent genes. Therefore, they can play a more effective role in the occurrence of UTI compared to other phylogenetic groups.

Giant cell fibroma of the tongue is a rare benign fibrous tumor of connective tissues in the oral cavity, very few of which have been reported. This benign neoplasm has a predilection for the gingiva and. usually occurs in women under 30. Since this tumor is clinically, and especially histopathologically, placed in the differential diagnosis list of benign and malignant mesenchymal tumors, its proper diagnosis is of great significance because widespread and unnecessary surgeries are avoided as a result. The aim of the present report is to present a case of the tumor in the tongue of a 65-year-old man. The fibroma is a benign fibrous tumor of connective tissues which is microscopically classified in differential diagnosis with other soft tissue tumors since its proper diagnosis prevents from extensive and unnecessary surgeries on the patient.