Journal of Clinical Research in Paramedical Sciences
Volume:3 Issue: 3, 2015

Mode of delivery is one of the effective factors on health and quality of life during postpartum. Because of conflicting results regarding the relationship between quality of life and the mode of delivery has been reported، therefore this study carried out with aim of determining postpartum quality of life after deferent modes of delivery in Kermanshah Motazedi hospital 2011-2012. Present study was carried out as a descriptive – analytic study on 268 primiparous women that refereed to Motazedi hospital. Based on delivery modes these women divided to four groups (spontaneous vaginal delivery، vaginal delivery with manipulation، planning and emergency caesarian section). Quality of Life Questionnaire (SF-36) was the tool for assessment. For data analysis SPSS software was used. Evaluation of quality of life scores in the four groups of mothers with postpartum physiological، non-physiological، emergency and planned cesarean section showed that the majority of samples had higher QOL score of 50 and in overall the differences were not statistically significant. Scores of physical functioning (P=0. 00)، role emotional (P=0. 021) and vitality (P=0. 032) in women with vaginal delivery were more than women by C-section. There were significant relationship between some variables such as occupation (P=0. 03)، location of samples (P=0. 022)، postpartum hemorrhage (P=0. 015) and acceptance of pregnancy (P=0. 001) and quality of life. Although there were not observed no significant difference in overall women’s quality of life scores and delivery different ways، but according to the betterment of the situation of women with vaginal delivery it is necessary proper planning to reduce caesarean section should be done through education.

Nigella sativa (NS) is a plant that has been used as a natural remedy for number of illnesses such as headache, bronchitis, exema and influenza. NS has also been studied for its pharmacologic effects such as anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-microbial and anti-cancer activities. There are some reports of cardiovascular effects of NS such as hypotensive and also negative inotropic effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the activity of calcium channels on vasorelaxant extract of NS on isolated rat aorta. In this experimental study, 28 male Wistar rats randomly divided into 4 groups (n= 7). In groups 1 and 2 the effect of the extract (5, 10 and 20 mg/ml) on contracted aorta by PE, (10-6 M) in intact and denuded endothelium were investigated. In groups 3 the effect of the extract on contracted aorta by PE in the presence of Diltiazem (Dil), (10-5 M) and In group 4 the effect of the extract on contracted aorta by PE in the presence of Heparin (Hep), (50 mg/ml) were investigated. Statistical analysis was carried out by SPSS software version 13 and the results were analyzed by student t-test and ANOVA. The extract significantly relaxed the contracted aorta by PE in both intact and denuded endothelium in concentration dependent manner (P<0.001، P=0.002). All the extract concentrations significantly relaxed PE induced contraction in the presence of Dil and Hep (P<0.001, P<0.01). The extract of NS have the relaxation effect on vascular smooth muscle. It seems, the relaxation was mediated by inhibition of voltage-and receptor-dependent Ca+2channels and may partly by inhibition the release of calcium from intracellular stores in vascular smooth muscle cells.

Today, Photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) is one of the most common methods of eye surgery and the most important problem of patient and medical team that are confronted about this surgery is pain. The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of Pregabalin for reducing post–photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) pain. This study was done as a double blind clinical trial. Patients were divided in two groups (40 patients in each group) as case and control and 30 minute before surgery 150 mg Pregabalin and placebo were prescribed for case and control groups, respectively. In 6, 12 and 24 hours after surgery, pain was measured by Visual Analog Scale (VAS). The results of this study were showed pain score in 6 and 12 hours after surgery in Pregabalin group was significant lower than control (P<0.001). In Pregabalin group, after 6 hours, 17 patients (42.5%) had VAS score >3 and needs to Acetaminophen; whereas in control group 33 patients (82.5%) had VAS score >3 (P<0.001). Further, there wasnt any side effect in Pregabalin group. Our study showed Pregabalin is an effective and with low side effect medicine for reducing of post–photorefractive keratectomy pain.

Freshman students are exposed to a variety of psychological problems and disorders. Many factors can have an impact on their mental health. This study was conducted to investigate the role of attachment styles and perfectionism in predicting mental health in the freshman students. In this descriptive-analytic study, the population was all freshman students of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences in 2013-2014 academic years (540 students). 481 students (160 male and 321 female) responded to Questioners. The Collins & Read Attachment Style Scale, General Health Questioner (GHQ) and Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (FMPS) were used to collect the data. To analyze the data, descriptive statistics and inferential statistics (Pearson correlation, and step-wise regression) was used. The results showed that there is a negative significant correlation between mental health with Personal Standards (P<0.01) and Organization (P<0.05). Moreover, a significant but negative correlation was found to exist between the mental health and Anxious Attachment Style (P<0.01). Finally, regression analysis showed that Anxious Attachment Style, Concern over Mistakes, Personal Standards and Parental Criticism, can predict mental health significantly in freshman students. Considering the fact that some factors such as Attachment Styles and Perfectionism affects the mental health level of freshman students; therefore, interventions which could target these factors could increase these students’ mental health.

One of the most cases of death and injuries was driving accidents. Emergency medical technician must be safe driving in emergency situations. The present study was designed to evaluation of the driver behavior psychometric properties in Kermanshah Emergency medical technicians in 2013. A descriptive- collative study with 167 samples, that been selected with senses sampling, was done. Sampling had been done in unborn and road emergency medical system centers and core of Emergency medical system in Kermanshah province. Data were collected with using the Manchester Driver Behavior Questionnaire (DBQ) and analyzed with SPSS-20 software. Reliability of Manchester Driver Behavior Questionnaire (DBQ) in this study was r=0.96. Exploratory Factor Analysis showed differences between slips, laps, deliberate volition and unintentional volition clearly. Internal consistency's of unintentional volition 0.32, deliberate volition 0.91, laps 0.87 and slaps 0.92 were had been. The most dangerous driving behavior related to deliberate volition and slaps. The findings of the present study demonstrated psychometric properties dangerous driving behavior in deliberate volition and slaps in Kermanshah Emergency medical technicians. Suggested with driving teaching workshop and safety driving education were done for Emergency medical technicians.

Depression and anxiety among the elderly, especially women, are the most common mental disorders. The present study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive group therapy on reducing depression and anxiety in the Kermanshah older women. The study was a semi-experimental design with pre-posttest design with control group. 30 elderly women were selected based on the available sampling in a boarding center for the elderly, "Kermanshah Mehre Neikan" and assigned to the experimental and control groups, randomly. The instruments used were the geriatric depression scale (GDS), State and Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) for Spiel Berger and the demographic questionnaire. Ten sessions of cognitive group therapy with Ferry method was administered to experimental group as biweekly; while the control group did not receive the intervention. At the end of the intervention, both groups were evaluated again by the tests. The data were analyzed using analysis of covariance. The data showed cognitive group therapy is effective on reducing depression, state and trait anxiety in older women (P<0.001). According to the effectiveness of cognitive group therapy on reducing depression and anxiety in older women, apparently can be used to cognitive group therapy for reducing depression and anxiety in older women.

Renal stone can cause many physical and psychological problems for older patients. The aim of present study was to assess prevalence of depression among older adults with renal stone. In this descriptive - analytic study, prevalence of depression among all of patients aged more than 64 years (51) who were admitted to lithotripsy unit of ayatollah Kashani hospital in Shahrekord in 2013 were assessed with using Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). Data were analyzed with using descriptive analysis (mean and standard deviation), independents t test and one way ANOVA in SPSS 18. Mean of total depression score was 6.1+3.6. In total, fourteen patients (34.2%) obtained score between 0 to 4, sixteen patients (39.1%) obtained score between 5 to 8, seven patients (17%) obtained score between 9 to 11 and four patients (9.7%) obtained score between 12 to 15. The results of present study also showed that existence of chronic illness such as diabetes, hypertension and hyperlipidemia with renal stone in older adults increase prevalence and severity of depression among this group of patients. Prevalence of depression among older adults with renal stone is high. This problem should be considered in health and treatment programs that conducted for older adults by health care systems.

Bacterial blood stream infection constitutes a significant public health problem and it is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in hospitalized patients. The aim of this study was to determine the characteristics of bloodstream infections in patients who hospitalized in Namazi hospital, a teaching hospital in Shiraz, Iran. This is a prospective observational cohort study of patients with bloodstream infections. Bloodstream infection was defined as hospital-acquired if the first positive blood culture was performed more than 48 h after admission. Other bloodstream infections were classified as healthcare-associated or community-acquired. The samples were collected and processed following standard microbiological techniques as part of the routine clinical management of the patient. Data were analyzed by using SPSS version 16. A total of 303 episodes of bloodstream infections were studied; 119 (39.3%) were community-acquired, 108 (35.6%) were hospital-acquired, and 76 (25.1%) were healthcare-associated. Renal failure was more common in patients with healthcare-associated or hospital-acquired bloodstream infection than in patients with community-acquired bloodstream infection. Hospitalization in intensive care unit (ICU) was the most common source of hospital-acquired and urinary catheters were the most common source of healthcare-associated and community-acquired. The most frequent bacteria isolated from blood culture were Coagulase negative staphylococci (31.7%) that frequency of this gram positive bacteria was 24.3% in community-acquired, 22.3 in healthcare-associated and 46.3 in hospital-acquired bloodstream infection. Healthcare-associated bloodstream infections are similar to hospital-acquired in terms of frequency of various comorbid conditions and pathogens. More study with higher sample number and antibacterial susceptibility recommended.

Physical activity is important health behavior for prevention of disease and death. But, the universal estimation of sedentary lifestyle among adults is 17%. This amount among persons who have lower activity (less than 2.5 hours per week) is 31-51%. More than 70% of Iran's population hasnt enough physical activities. The aim of this study was to evaluation of health education on promotion of physical activity in housewives. This educational intervention was carried out on the housewives in Kermanshah city. The data collection tool was questionnaire structured by researcher. Interventions was included classroom, CDs and manual training. Data in two periods (before and two months after the intervention) were collected and analyzed using SPSS 16 software. Most of participants in intervention and control groups had 25-34 years old. Educational levels between groups hadn’t significant difference (P= 0.104). After education, Mean of physical activity in intervention group in compare to control group had significant difference (P=0.031). This intervention had a significant effect on increasing physical activity. Although in some cases, increased physical activity was also observed in the control group, but this increase was not statistically significant. In another word, the effect of training on physical activities in the intervention group is observable and we can consider it as result of training.