مجله علوم پزشکی رازی
سال بیست و یکم شماره 8 (پیاپی 125، آبان 1393)

The concept of lifestyle as an important variable has been found in text books of nursing and has been closely associated with public health. This study was performed to explan the problems in order to promot their life style and peresent practical solution. This is a descriptive and analytical study with problem solving procedure. We studied 116 nurses who were working in public hospitals. Instruments for gathering information included demographic data، lifestyle & nurses problems questionnaire and analyzed by using SPSS software (16 ver.). In regard to lifestyle 9. 5% of nurses were in adverse condition، 52. 6% were in moderately good، 37. 9% were in good condition. Most undesirable behaviors were in the health responsibility dimension and the most desirable behavior was in smoking dimension. Most nurses problems in promoting healthy lifestyle were related to executive and managerial scope «excessive working hours» with a score of 1. 72، environmental equipmental scope «inappropriate workplace conditions» with a score of 1. 47، in educational scope «Lack of access to educational counsel regarding personal health issues» with an average of 1. 37 and in individual & motivational scope «inadequate salary» with an average 1. 77. According to the most identifed problems، the best solutions were presented based on data، text study، view of nurses and the thinking of research team. Among these solutions conducting «Training courses as workshop and seminar for nurses in regard to the importance of promoting a healthy lifestyle» scored the highest. However to cover the rest of the solutions، forming «The promoting healthy lifestyle committee for nurses» was proposed.

Among the prognostic factors, preoperative serum testosterone levels is the subject of our study. 39 patients between 40 to 75 years who was good candidate for RRP surgery in year 2012 in hasheminejad kidnety center enrolled the study. Preoperative total serum testosterone level of patients and Baseline sexual function was determined based on the IIEF questionnaire. Patients 1-3-6 months after surgery, "the Sexual function was evaluated with the IIEF questionnaire.Exclusion criteria included: use of LHRH-Agonist before or after taking medications that may cause ED. Adjuvant radiotherapy after surgery in patients who are candidates. 6 months after surgery, ED was better than 1 and 3 month after surgery but worsen than before surgery. The ED of one, three and six months after surgery in both groups was not significantly different between the two groups. ED compared between the two groups preoperatively Tstvtrvn less than 4, no significant differences were observed between the two groups. Also examined other variables, such as BMI, Gleason score was also significantly associated with the prevalence of ED. By the result of this study, testosterone level before surgery is not a independent factor which affect the potency of patients after RRP surgery.

Otitis media is one of the most common infectious diseases in children. Approximately 85% of children will have otitis media at least once by the age of 3 months, and nearly 50% of children would have more than three times. The objective of the this research was to detect Haemophilus influenza, the most common cause of otitis media in children, and to determine the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of this organism. In this cross-sectional study,a total of 102 specimens were collected during 6 months period from patients with otitis media referred to Amir Alam Hospital in Tehran.Specimens were evaluated for Haemophilus influenzae by microscopic examination and culture. The antibiotic susceptibility test was performed by disk diffusion method of Kirby-Bauer and sensitivity rate of tested antibiotics were assessed by evaluation diameter of the growth inhibitory zone. Out of 102 tested specimens, 7 (6.9%) were identified as Haemophilus influenzae. The rate of sensitivity of isolated Haemophilus influenzae to different antibiotics was trimethoprim (100%), vancomycin (85%), streptomycin (57%), tetracycline (57%), and doxycycline (56%),and the rate of resistance to gentamycin (85%), carbenicillin (70%) and cefixime (70%), clindamycin (70%) amikacin (57%) amoxicillin (57%). With respect to appearance of new resistance species especially to clinidomycin, amikiacin and amoxicilin it is recommended to perform antibiotic susceptibility tests before the initiation of treatment.

Many of the old age problems result from unhealthy lifestyles in this stage of life. Focusing on successful aging and adopting Health-Promoting Behaviors (HPB) can prevent and decrease aging problems which in turn decreases the financial burden and related costs. This clinical trial study was conducted on 464 elderly people over 60 years who were admitted at Health Houses for 12 months. Participants were selected through a two-stage cluster sampling and were placed in the control and intervention groups (232 participants in each group). The data collection tools included: a demographic checklist, Palmore Facts on Aging Quiz and the second version of Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile. The data were analyzed using the descriptive and analytical tests such as paired T-test and Pearson correlation coefficient. The mean age of the participants in this study was 65.9±3.6 years (range 60-73 yr). Results showed a statistically significant difference between the case and intervention group after the intervention in the mean scores of health promoting behaviors total and subscale and awareness of aging facts. Aging is an inevitable process of life. It can be postponed or its problems can be decreased through focusing on effective educational intervention based on successful aging programs and become a desirable and enjoyable stage

Diabetes is a main risk factor of ischemic heart disease. Troxerutin, a natural bioflavonoid rutin, has many biologic properties, such anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects. The purpose of this study was to investigate the interaction of diabetes with the protective effect of troxerutin on lipid peroxidation and tissue injury induced by myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury in rats. Male Wistar rats (250-300 g) were divided into 4 groups: control, control+ drug, diabetic and diabetic+drug. Diabetes was induced by single injection of streptozotocin (50 mg/kg; intraperitoneally) and the diabetic period was 10 weeks. After 6 weeks of diabetes, treatment groups were received 150 mg/kg/day troxerutin in distilled water by oral gavage for 4 weeks. The hearts were removed quickly, mounted on Langendorff apparatus, and then subjected to 30-minutes regional ischemia followed by 60-minutes reperfusion. The levels of lipd peroxidation (MDA) of left ventricular supernatant and level of creatine kinase (CK) release in coronary flow were measured by spectrophotometric method using special kits. STZ increased blood glucose in the diabetic group than in the control group. Troxerutin could reduce blood glucose in diabetic group, but this reduction was not statistically significant. MDA levels were increased in diabetic rats compared to control ones and troxerutin treatment could reduce MDA levels in diabetic group (p<0.05). Diabetes causes release of large amounts of CK compared to the control group. TXR administration reduces the level of this enzyme in the diabetic group. Troxerutin reduced lipid peroxidation and tissue injury probably by preventing oxidative stress and activation antioxidative system especially in diabetic rats and can have the protective effects on damage induced by myocardial ischemia and reperfusion

Few studies have investigated the association between dietary patterns, general and central obesity in type 2 diabetic patients. The aim of this study is to determine this relation among type 2 diabetic patients living in Tehran. In this cross-sectional study, 728 patients with type 2 diabetes from the Tehran diabetes centers were participated. Usual dietary intake was assessed by using a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) during the last year. General obesity was defined as a BMI ≤ 30 kg/m2 and central obesity was defined as waist circumference (WC) ≤ 88 in women and WC≤ 102 in men. Factor analysis was used to identify major dietary patterns. The association between dietary patterns and different types of obesity were assessed by logistic regression analysis. Two maijor dietary patterns were identified: Healthy and Unhealthy dietary pattern. After adjustment for confounding variables, we observed a relative risk of 3.2 (OR=3.2, 95% CI=1.7-5.8) and 1.8 (OR=1.8, 95% CI=1.05-3) for general and central obesity when comparing the highest to lowest quintiles of the unhealthy dietary pattern, while subjects in the highest quintile of the healthy dietary pattern scores, had a 56% decreased risk of general obesity compared to those in the lowest (OR=0.44, 95% CI= 0.25-0.76). The result of this study indicate that healthy dietary pattern was inversly associated with a risk of general obesity and unhealthy dietary pattern was positively associated with general and central obesity risk.

Colostrum is the only natural source of transforming growth factors (TGF-α and β) and insulin-like growth factors (IGF-1 and 2) which play a role in wound healing. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of bovine colostrum on secondary wound healing in a guinea pig model. Lyophilized bovine colostrum powder, in the form of an ointment (10 % w/w dried powder in semisolid paraffin ointment base), was evaluated for wound-healing potential in an excision wound in guinea pigs. The guinea pigs were divided into two groups of treatment (colostrums ointment) and control (ointment base), each group consisting of six guinea pigs. All animals were anaesthetized and a full-thickness excision wound (square area of 400 mm2) was created in the dorsum skin of all guinea pigs. Wound contraction and total wound healing rates were evaluated. Colostrum ointment found to possess wound healing activity which was evidenced by an increase in the rates of wound contraction and total wound healing when compared with the control group, although differences were not statistically significant. Results of this study indicated that bovine colostrum could improve quality of wound healing but more studies will need to be done to clarify whole bovine colostrum role in burn and infectious wounds.

The goal of the current research was investigation of effect of aerobic exercise on glucose, insulin and insulin resistance in overweight-obese subclinical hypothyroidism women.

This study was semi-experimental. After medical screening 23 women suffering from subclinical hypothyroidism disorder with age average of 41.08 ±6.56 years and BMI over 25 kg/m2, were objectively selected and randomly divided into two groups: control (N=13) and experimental (N=10). Initially their height, weight, BMI,, Waist-Hip Ratio (WHR) and the serum levels of fasting glucose, insulin T4 and TSH were measured. Insulin resistance was calculated via HOMA-IR model. Then samples of experimental group performed aerobic exercise. The control group received no intervention and were just followed. After 12 weeks all variables were measured again. For intra group comparison of data depended t-test was used and for group comparison independent t-test was used (p value ≤0.05).

After 12 weeks of symphonic aerobic exercise in experimental group body composition including weight, BMI, WHR, and also insulin levels, insulin resistance and TSH had significant reduction; no significant change in fasting glucose was seen and T4 levels had increased. In control group insulin and insulin resistance were significantly increased, too.

The reduction of cardiovascular disease and reduction of insulin resistance among over weight-obese sub clinical hypothyroidism women is probably possible through weight decreasing with aerobic exercises.

Nowadays emotional intelligence is considered as a new subject in the field of psychology. Studies performed in this area, suggest the role of emotional intelligence and its components in various aspects of life such as educational attainment, marriage, career and social relationships. Academic life, is one of the most important aspects of an individual’s life influences other aspects of it. In this regard, one of the fundamental problems of academic life and educational system of each country is the issue educational failure and low academic performance of its students. The present study is cross-sectional carried out to investigate the relationship between emotional intelligence and academic achievement of the students. The study population consisted of 126 female students and 95 male students of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences who were selected by simple random sampling method. The research tools used in this study was bar-on questionnaire. This questionnaire was validated in Iran and has been used in various studies. Also the overall GPA (grade point average was used to measure the academic performance) of students was used. For data analysis methods and statistical tests, two-tailed Pearson correlation coefficient, stepwise multiple regression analysis, independent t-test and chi-square were used. The findings showed that the mean age of participants in the study is 22.43±2.42 yr. Given the obtained correlation coefficient (r=0.478), there was a significant positive correlation between emotional intelligence and academic achievement. The general relationship between gender and emotional intelligence was not significant (p <0.07). But the results of stepwise multiple regression showed that the three components of emotional intelligence [assertiveness (p <0.001), optimism (p <0.001) and emotional self-consciousness (p <0.015)], had significant predicted roles in academic improvement of students. This study showed that there is a significant relationship between emotional intelligence and academic achievement. Thus in order to achieve high levels of academic and educational skills, in addition to general cognitive ability, an individual should be able to control emotions. In other words ‎students without access to components that make the emotional intelligence, are not able to learn effectively and more importantly will not be able to use this learning and experiences.

Ginger (Zingiber officinale roscoe) is the plant that today is used in abundance all around the world. In the past, this plant had been an important part of Chinese medicine, Hindi traditional medicine and Greek medicine. It was used in the treatment of various diseases like flu, rheumatism, nervous diseases, gingivitis, toothache, asthma, stroke, constipation and diabetes. To date, several animal and human studies have investigated the effect of ginger on blood glucose and lipids. The information of this article is obtained based on the results of our search in pubmed and elsevier databases. According to the findings of most studies in this basis, it seems that ginger probably can decrease blood glucose and insulin, increase insulin sensitivity and improves lipid profile, especially in patients with type 2 diabetes. In this review, we represent some of these studies and discuss the possible mechanisms of the effect of ginger on glycemia and lipid profile.

Very low birth weight(VLBW) babies constitute approximately 4%-7% of all live births and the mortality in this subgroup is high, contributing to as much as 30% of early neonatal deaths. Some scoring system like the Clinical Risk Index for Babies(CRIB) Score and the Score for Neonatal Acute Physiology (SNAP), for assessing the risk of mortality frequently utilized in newborns. The predictive value of CRIB (Clinical Risk Index for babies) for the survival of very low birth weight neonates(VLBW) was determined. In this cross-sectional study from 2002 to 2008, the CRIB score was applied to all newborns (n=494) with a birth weight of <1,500 g and gestational age <37 weeks. Predictive value of CRIB (Clinical Risk Index for Babies) for mortality of neonates was determined and compared with that of gestational age and birth weight. Four hundred ninety four very low birth weight neonates were included in this study. From those, 261 were expired; giving a mortality rate of 52.5%. The mean CRIB was 14.52 ± 2.4 (range: 7-25).Mean CRIB of expired neonates was significantly higher than survivors (15.34 ± 2.6 vs. 13.5 ± 1.7; p<0.0001). In the Receiver Operator Characteristic (ROC) analysis, the optimal cutoff point for the CRIB score to identify neonates at the risk of mortality was 13 with 82% sensitivity, specificity of 50%, positive predictive value of 65% and negative predictive value of 72%. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of gestational age under 31 weeks for predicting mortality were also 83%,63%,71% and 77%, respectively. In addition, sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of birth weight for predicting mortality with the cutoff point of 1000 gr were 35%, 92%,84%, and 56%,respectively. CRIB score can be used for identifying neonates at risk of mortality and predicting the neonatal outcome. However, the predictive value of CRIB is not higher than birth weight or gestational age.

Error detecting is known as basis of patient safety improvement. With ethical and professional commitment providers for disclosing the error report, errors reporting among nurses is much less than the actual amount. The purpose of this study was to investigate nurse managers perspectives about reasons for not reporting medical errors in Firoozgar Hospital.This study was a descriptive cross-sectional,analytical study in 1391 among all supervisors were in Firoozgar Hospital.Data were gathered by questionnaire.The questionnaire included demographic information and the second part of the questionnaire was about effective factors in lack of their reporting. Data was analyzed by descriptive statistics using SPSS. In this study reasons for not reporting error divided to legal, supervisional rules, financial and organizational culture factors.The results of the present investigation showed that fear of punishment by direct supervisor and high work load, exposed to accuse and unimportant and unhelpful error reporting were most important. Creating an extra work for the person (for reporting) and losing reputation and business perspective had the highest importance. Also supervisors had different important views about being cost-effective report and canceling the contract. Some of them believed that not being cost-effective And canceling the contract report had the least important but others thought vice versa. Fear of consequences reporting was one of the most important reason for not reporti. It is essential to develop an efficient system to document and report errors in order to decrease medication errors. So nursing managers should react positively towards the reports of medication errors by nursing.

Prenatal asphyxia is one of the important causes of morbidity and mortality in neonates. Several studies tried to find a marker for early diagnosis of prenatal asphyxia. This study aimed to examine the diagnostic value of urinary uric acid to creatinine (UA/Cr) ratio in perinatal asphyxia. In this study, 48 term infants with prenatal asphyxia and 48 healthy neonates were compared in terms of uric acid to creatinine ratio in urine samples from the first 24 hours of birth. Demographic data including sex, birth weight, gestational age, and mode of delivery were also recorded. The mean uric acid to creatinine ratio was significantly higher in infants with asphyxia than the control group (respectively, 2.1 ± 1.00 vs. 0.8 ± 0.20; p= 0.0001). The urine UA / Cr ratio was also positively and significantly associated with the severity of asphyxia (p= 0.0001). Urine ​​UA / Cr values were not related to neonatal sex, gestational age, and birth weight. However, the ratio was higher in emergency c-section (2± 0.90) compared with elective caesarean section (1.3 ± 0.90) and vaginal (1.26 ± 0.90). Cut-off point equal to 1.20 appears to be the most appropriate cutoff for urine UA / Cr ratio with 87% sensitivity, 91% specificity, and accuracy of the 5.89%, in the diagnosis of perinatal asphyxia in term infants. Urine UA / Cr ratio can be introduced as a marker for early, easy and cost effective detection of perinatal asphyxia.

One of the industrial world for early withdrawal of workers from the workplace. The purpose of this study is to introduce a measure for assessing the ability to work in labor To help these workers could be at risk of disability or premature departure from the workplace to be identified.

The study population consisted of workers at the power station vertical waiting period under examination was performed. All workers since the end of the follow-up examinations and work performance indicators are measured. Data collection work ability index questionnaire (Work Ability Index) was used.Correlation and regression analysis of data from multi-factor model was used.

Cross-sectional study was applied.In this study of 385 workers employed in the power plant's ability to forward upright Average score examined in the present study, work ability index score (1/6±)169/39 respectively. This rating is based on the founding of Finland occupational health standards in these questionnaires are good (43-37) are placed. In this study aging worker's work ability index significantly decreased. In this study, a significant association between increased levels of body mass index was not ability to work. Also, the rate of sickness absence and work ability index is significant and inverse relationship So as to reduce the amount of sick leave work ability index increases.

Work ability index on the set of questionnaire consisting of 7 items that have a reciprocal influence on each other. Current work ability, The number of diseases diagnosed by a physician, Disruption of work Because of illnesscan explain the effect of reducing ability to work of sick leave is increasing. The main cause of early departure from the workplace Entry delay young work force to work the market for long-term education and leaving early, the elderly, the cause is more important.