فصلنامه مطالعات تاریخ فرهنگی
پیاپی 21 (پاییز 1393)

The aim of this research is to answer the questions on the approach of Qadimist Ulama of Bukhara toward the presence of Tsarist Government in their region and their relations with them and the Russian Civilization. To pave the way to answer the questions of this research this group has been introduced as the most established class of Ulama in Bukhara and the basis of their thoughts have been analyzed. The claim of this research about the approach of the Qadimist Ulama is that they banned all new (Jadid) Elements besides keeping a providential tendency and believing that their land is protecting from Russians by saints. Although the requisite of such position was to adopt a hostile stance against Russians، but they adopted a smooth approach toward Russians because most of those Ulama were officials of the Government of Bukhara and they wanted to save their posts، of course in the same time they rejected Russian Civilization. Those Ulama effectively contributed with Russians in confrontation with reformists as the domestic enemy.

Nowruz and Mehregan as the most important social rituals of ancient Iran in addition to their ritual and humanitarian qualities، due to their economic function have continued their life inside economic، social and cultural structure of Islamic Society. Among influential economic factors in perdurability of Iranian celebrations، was the time of paying tribute. Paying tribute was done in Nowruz. Moreover the tradition of giving gift is one of Nowruz and Mehregan features which were consistent with the spirit of Islam and was a source of Umayyad and Abbasid Caliphs income، the characteristics which played effective role in the continuity and perdurability of these celebrations during early Islamic centuries. The aim of this research is to study the role and efficacy of tribute and gift in the continuation and perdurability of Nowruz and Mehregan Celebrationss during early Islamic period.

Paying attention to Sira of the holy prophet is considered as one of highest goals of ministry of Education in the education of children and adolescents in Iran. In the official education system، textbooks are considered as proper context for introducing and educating religious thoughts. This research is trying to survey the of reflection of data about Sira of prophet in High School Textbooks، Experimental Sciences and Math/Physics Specialties، 2012-2013 School Year by using quantitative methods and frequency assessment. In this research، the frequency of data، the kind of narrative and references are studied. The result of the research show that in the Experimental Sciences Specialties between the sum of 6151 pages and in the Math/Physics Specialties between the sum of 6508 pages، only 212 pages in each specialties are related to the reflection of Sira of the prophet. Most of the content related to the Sira of the prophet in the textbooks is without citing the source (44. 29)، also in the kinds of narration of Sira، hadith took the greater percentage (47. 03) and the fictional narrative in spite of its high educational capacity has been used less (17. 8).

Alinameh is one of rare religious – historical epopees of the fifth century (hijri)، which its content includes expression of historical events from the beginning of Imam Ali (AS) caliphate to the end of the battle of Siffin. Reading of this work indicates that the poet has seeking to glorify the beliefs of Shiites in addition to report the events. This issue besides considering of Shiites and Sunnites controversy during fifth century (hijri) led us to the fundamental question on if Alinameh epopee limited itself only to describe the events of early Islamic period or behind its narrative it was seeking to proof the rightfulness of Imam Ali (AS) and Shia beliefs. Our claim is that the Alinameh epopee is trying to reject Sunnites'' viewpoints and to glorify Shi''a concepts beside expression of the Camel and Siffin events، considering the social and cultural conditions and contexts of the fifth century (hijri). This paper has been written based on Laclau and Moufe Discourse Analysis Theory.

During the sixth century (hijri)، Alavi Sādāt، who had settled in Transoxiana، played a considerable role in political – social developments of that region، especially in the predominance of the Qara khitay on there، which has been neglected till now as a result of the silence of historical sources on this issue، but In spite of scantiness of historical data، the active existance of Alavi Sādāt in the context of politics and society of Transoxiana during sixth century (hijri) is traceble and it could be studied. The aim of this paper is to give more clarity to the activities of Sādāt and their role in the political developments of Transoxiana in the sixth century by applying descriptive analytical method. The results of this research show that the strong social base of Sādāt in the region، has provided an opportunity for them to proper the context for the dominance of the Qara khitay in the region while quarreling with Qarakhanids'' power. Following those matters and apparantly with the intention to establish an independent Alavi government، they bagan to encounter with Qarakhitay’s supermacy، and brought into being some of impressive social and political evevnts in that region.

Bathing culture and bathroom in Iran had different functions In addition to its normal health function which explanation and investigation of those functions and dimensions can help us to have a better understanding of Iran cultural history. Thus the problem of this research is to study the aspects، various functions and different dimensions of Iranian bathing culture during Qajar period to answer the question on the features of the Iranian Bathing of that period? The claim of this paper is that Iranian bathing culture during that period had various aspects and roles in addition to its health function in four fields such as health، religious، social and aesthetics which were raised from Iranian and Islamic identity believes and native lifestyle. This paper is trying to show these functions based on descriptive analytical method.