فصلنامه پژوهش های منطقه ای
سال دوم شماره 5 (پاییز 1393)

Today's situations indicate that all the global forces have mobilized to fight against Islam. Colonialism by military campaign, media by dissemination of Islam phobia, Crusader-Jewish partisan groups By Islamic blasphemy, Christian evangelists by spread distorted Christianity and all and all practically are located on fronts against Islam and they are trying to undermine the Muslims around the world by all the force and the use of all the tools. But despite all these efforts, among all religions, Islam is the fastest growing in America, Europe, Africa and some other parts of the world. So that this religion is now the second largest religion in the number of followers in Europe and America. This paper seeks to answer the question that Despite numerous efforts to Islam phobia Why and how trends to Islam have risen in Europe and America? To answer the above questions, this paper attempts to describe the origins and causes of Islam phobia, by an emphasis on quantitative methods and analysis of data extracted from the literature, publications and websites and this paper attempts to examine issues such as the reverse impact of the negative Western propaganda against Islam, non Muslim irritating to the study of Islam, increasing the number of mosques and centers of propaganda and spread the idea of forming a Muslim Europe that are as part of the consequences of Islam phobia that is caused the increasing trend to Islam.

The main subject and evaluation criterion is the role of Christianity in the collapse of Roman Empire, and the way of defining and Codification the church relationships and interactions with its multifaceted concept with state (political authority). The process of becoming a Christian of Roman Empire in the form of cooperation and dealing with government took several hundred years. Mr. Mircea Eliade prominent Romanian historian and Theologians, referring to the work of Trevor Roper Hugh Trevor Roper believes that: "The end of the ancient age, the final collapse of the great Mediterranean civilizations of Greece and Rome is the most important issues in the history of Europe and there is no consensus regarding the time of its beginning and can only be acknowledged that it was slow, devastating and irreversible Process that Christianity is involved in it and this is an important cornerstone of Prospects definition of church and state interaction. " Generally, the state and the Church relationships in Europe can be seen from the perspective of interaction Structure and the function process, relations that is more a function of Amount and method of government participation. And in the best conditions religious regulations and components, especially in judiciary and political structure are used by the Government. The initial period of the formation of state and church relations are lasted from the fifth to the tenth century. And is resulted a great schism in 1054. Mr. Ion Dumitru Snagov in his book as the name of the relationship between state and church, about the main reasons for these great schism believes that this movement comes after a small and continuous break and it is caused by a three groups of factors: A- Political B- Religious Theory C- Christian Science Of course the rise of Islam in the 7th century AD had an important role on the great schism, as Timpothy Ware on the book "The Orthodox Church" has endorsed.

The collapse of the Soviet Union and Muslim states Independence of the region, and Lack of East power and the wave of people seeking Islam And fear of creating revolutionary Islam Cause serious presence of Two Western Islamophobian powers in the region that have been entered in to the region seeking to Inhibition of Islamism, Inhibition of the Islamic Republic, Inhibition and weaken Russia and Protection strategic Military - economic interests And prevention the region's political and cultural elite supporting from the Palestinian Intifada and management and control of pan Turkism Project. And by These goals they have communicated closely with secular leaders of Muslim countries in the region and largely they have achieved their massive targets.

Islamic movements nearly half a century were considered one of the major players in the Afghan political scene. In the latter decades of the twentieth century, Islamist movements could win over their strong opponent and spread discursive elements of the Islam in the political arena. But the dominion of Islamic discourse on the power and politics was temporary, and Finally at the begininng of the millennium, Islamic movements were doomed to decline and made room for secular opponents. In this paper, the fundamental challenges and crises that are Caused Islamic movements go to the margins have been reflected, by using descriptive and analytical. The results of this study indicate that Failure or decline of Islamic movements in Afghanistan Are largely the result of structural intellectual and environmental crises and challenges, that these movements were failed to provide reasonable solutions for them. The sectarian nature, Charismatic structure and thought poverty are some restrictions that were resulted in the decline of Islamists. External dependence and the West stand against Islamists are other factors that have exacerbated crisis of Islamic movements in Afghanistan and have faced these movements to fundamental challenges. The future outlook of Islamism in Afghanistan largely depends on the resolution of mentioned crises and challenges.

The subject of this paper is to examine and report on the history of the Islamic movement in Lebanon. Here's first briefly political history of the Lebanese, social status and role of political parties in the government of Lebanon will be discussed. Then rise of the Muslim Brotherhood in Lebanon and how these institutions are worked over the past fifty years is checked. And also a description of the Brotherhood in this country based on historical fact, are provided for the reader. Alaslamyh Aljmah party is the biggest Official organizations of the Muslim Brotherhood in Lebanon that corner of the activities of Alaslamyh Aljmah in the field of political and media is developed by Focusing and outlines the goals, structure and framework of this party. Aljmah is one of the oldest and most influential Islamic parties in the country that has been one of Lebanon's political actors over the past half century. Records of the party show us the set of success, failure and fluctuations. This article tries to reflect a view of the Records up to the recent years.

Akhbārīsm was a conservative thought in Shīi jurisprudence (fīqh) from the 17th century to the 19th century in Iran, Iraq and India. There are mainly two explanations for the shaping of this movement: (1) Akhbārī attitudes transfer and affect through transferring ideas and thoughts based on the assumption of some fixed principles and criteria and explicit abstract frameworks for Akhbārīsm. (2) The authority of conservative (Sunnī) rulers was the most important factor for the extension of this thought. In this article the two approaches and shortcomings of each will be considered in the works of orientalists Joun Cole and Robert Gleave. Then, emphasizing on Scriptualism as common character of Akhbārīsm and neo-Akhbārīsm, identity as a concepts in social psychology will be used to introduce a third view on shaping and extension of Scriptualism. In this new approach, modern thought will introduce as totally other for religious ideas and the idea of distinction is used for highlighting the identity. This approach will argue to be the best explanation in formation and expansion of Scriptualism.

Considering the necessity of recognizing the effects that each activity has on culture, in this study, the cultural environment of virtual Almostafa(PBEH) is examined, And by considering the obtained cultural implications, Ways to enhance the desired effects and avoid the adverse effects of culture is presented. In this study, based on the cultural impact assessment (CIA), the categories of cyber culture, religious culture and multicultural environment as the main components of culture environment Virtual University of Almostafa (MOU) has been studied And according to the theory in this context and interview with an audience, experts and beneficiaries, cultural Consequences and impact of Virtual University of Almostafa activity has been detected Finally, strategies to enhance the desired effects and prevention of undesirable effects are presented.