فصلنامه راهور
پیاپی 27 (پاییز 1393)

Exponential increase of urban population and increasing use of vehicles have created problems for residential areas. Security and calm level and traffic calming, nowadays, is one of the significant subjects in urbanization and urban transportation programming. This research by expressing descriptions and propounded theoretical foundations on traffic calming is engaged in expressing criterions on this subject and is aimed to measure prioritizing areas thoroughfares of 5&6 in Tehransar at district 1, region21 of Tehran city by relying on these criterions and AHP to fulfill projects of traffic calming. So a questionnaire organized after measuring these criterions and 200 questionnaires distributed by cluster among residents and urban management organization experts and then the data was gathered, Cronbach›s coefficient was computed for the reliability of the questionnaire which it›s amount was %78 percent that indicates suitable reliability of the questions. The result indicates that Tehransar Boulevard is placed in the first priority of the traffic calming measures and streets of Laleh, Gholha and Nilofar are, in order, placed in the next priorities. As effective factors are multidimensional, in order to make traffic calm within the limit of the case study, it must be strategically programmed to achieve transportation indexes. It can also be used in another dimension physical methods beside the promotion of the citizen›s traffic culture.

In recent years, pedestrian’s accidents allocated a significant portion of traffic accidents. In Iran; pedestrian have more than 30 percent of crashes and 23 percent of traffic fatalities. In the Urmia city, 60 percent of traffic fatalities are pedestrians. Identify affecting factors in pedestrian’s accidents and provide strategies for reducing accidents in the Urmia city are the purpose of this article. Research method is application of analytical and the method of data collection is library and field. The results show that based on Friedman test affecting factors in pedestrian’s accidents are passing pedestrians crossing the street , walking through the intersection and cross over the front of the bus stop at the station for each test ratings respectively are 13.21 , 12.28 and 12.08. The weakest factors in pedestrian’s accidents are hit by car in reverse gear driven, working or playing in the street and passing pedestrians the line with the direction the vehicle that the test ratings of variables respectively are 5.24, 6.14 and 6.74.

Modeling urban transportation is the most important part of transportation planning process. As land use and transportation are two main subsystems of complex urban system that affect each other, modeling urban transportation in relation to land use and awareness of integrated modeling methods for precise planning and prediction, management and control of urban traffic is inevitable. Moreover, some of the urban problems are rooted in the lack of attention to the land use and transportation in an integrated structure. For these reasons, in the recent years various attempts have been made in the field of transportation modeling according to the different urban variables, systems, methods and theories. Because of numerous developed models in this field and differentiations in their theoretical foundations, reviewing and prioritizing of these models seems necessary. Therefore, at first, general structure is introduced and general concepts of modeling techniques are classified. At second, a brief introduction of these models is presented. Finally, defining 21 criteria for prioritization of these models are selected and the models are prioritized through fuzzy analytic hierarchical process. The results show that TRANUS and URBANSIM models are located in the first and second priors. The calculated scores for these models are equal to 0.103624 and 0.102097 respectively. Although these models are placed in the first and second priors, implementation of these models addressed with some obstacles in developing countries because of limitations in their required and high cost and time for calibration of these models. Thus, development of new models based on progressive econometric methods and soft calculations such as fuzzy logic and artificial neural networks based on the requirements of planners and available data is proposed.

The main cause of deaths in many cities of our country are heavy vehicles. These accidents impose economic and social burden. Vehicle safety is multi – facet. In addition to affected factors of human, car and environment, it is also affected by industrial needs, management policies and law enforcement. Therefore, the main aim of this study is recognizing the role of safety of heavy freight vehicles in urban networks. This study is conducted by descriptive and hierarchical method and using driving accident map, specialists of accidents and traffic and heavy vehicle drivers. This study is library research and used questionnaire and analyzed by alpha cronbach and expert choice software. The results showed that lack of technical checkup and in efficiency of vehicle with the %31.5 and weight of 0.315, technical malfunction (such as lighting system, gear and tires’) %31.3 with the relative weight of 0.313 and mechanical features such as (accelerating, braking and brake – line length) with %2.9 and relative weight of 0.27 had more effect on accidents. The mechanical features (length, with and height with 0.35 percent had lowest effect in accident occurring.

Today, traffic safety is one of the main priorities for governments. By this importance, the need to provide solutions and models by the relevant institutions is increased to reduce these problems. This study has tried, by considering those who are at risk of accidents in the city, to predict the occurrence of this condition and also to present a model by data mining algorithms. The results of the data analysis will help organizations such as intra-urban traffic control and traffic department make important decisions and promote public information media of general trainings by accidents’ data mining.

Nowadays role of vehicles in environmental pollution and energy consumption is very important issue in level of world society. Researchers have striving hard for improving of vehicle function by new methods and technologies respective to the pollution and fuel consumption. During previous years against fuel crisis and increasing the cost and also environmental pollutions, vehicle manufactures have trying to economize the vehicles by using new technologies in order to decreasing fuel consumption and saving environment. Pollution crisis which is caused by vehicles is propounded as a big problem for both developing countries and advanced countries which are exposed them to environmental big dangers. The environmental problems, deficiency of fuel and energy are leading to request of increasing energy consumption efficiency, decreasing environmental pollutions, increasing global competition between vehicles industry companies, proportion the grade of society equipment for decreasing of acoustical and environmental pollution and yet general tendency for using safe vehicles with low fuel consumption cause to encourage vehicle manufacturer to develop the modern technologies to secure the requirements. For this reason in this article, present modern technologies in vehicles manufacturing for compatibility with environmental conditions. Environmentally friendly vehicles have low air pollution, low acoustical pollution and recyclable and this technologies are consist of fuels and materials ecofriendly.