نشریه مطالعات سیاسی
پیاپی 23 (بهار 1393)

There are different view point about the main reason of revolutions in North Africa and the Middle East. In accordance some of them of them, these revolutions had little to do with Islamic religious compounds, and like other revolutions, liberation struggle against tyranny, corruption, inefficiency, political and social injustice, and the ravages of poverty are main reason of struggles in revolutionary countries communities that are following to achieve freedom and a ruled based government in accordance democratic principles and standards. In contrast, others believe a principal role for religious groups and forces in this revolutions, and they cited revolutionary rhetoric, place and time of protests and demonstrations, and ultimately result of elections in revolutionary countries. In this regard the main question posed in this study to examine the role of religion and religious force in shaping this revolutions and ultimately its structural implications, particularly in the regional dimension especially on regional polarization around Shia – Sunni religious differences.

This article is offers a sociological analysis on the role of civil society in democratic consolidation. As the third phase in democratization process, democratic consolidation is considered the precondition for its successfulness. The Cosolidology studies are part of democratization literature which focus on democratic consolidation experience, its conditions and influent factors, as well as study of how democracy can be realized and completed in new emerging democracies. The special experience of Eastern Europe and Latin America in their democratization and democratic consolidation process brought about significant attention of academic researches to the role, contribution and impacts of civil society in democratic consolidation. The significant expansion of civil society organization in different levels and various areas, displays the necessity of addressing to potentials of civil society in paying the way of transition to democratic consolidation. In this regard, present article after a review on theoretical arguments on civil society and democratic consolidation, will focus on civil society impacts on consolidation of democracy, in terms of civil society relation with state, internal structure of civil society organization, effects of international and external factors.

The main purpose of Foucault genealogy is to deal with how people as subject and object are under the control of power based on being in a network of power and knowledge relations. Power creates the objects domains and truth and rationality principles. Indeed, power has no way except creating a space to produce knowledge, truth and rationality to survive. Truth by layers of various interpretations gives meaning, order, consistency, passivity, supervision and normalization to power regulations to dominate human being and rationality in relation to knowledge and truth in some formulations, innovations, adjustment anddifference correlations unifies discourse system. It seems the study regarding the mutual effects of reality and rationality on our knowledge and power, help us to perceive the deep link of four concepts in genealogy and understanding the entire philosophical project of Foucault. The present study answers the question what is the process in which the truth and rationality affect power/knowledge and vice versa. The hypothesis of the study is to show that four concepts of power, knowledge, truth and rationality in a complex network of discourse relations create and re-create each other. Thus, by a descriptive-analytical approach, we can investigate the position of two concepts of "truth" and "rationality" in Michel Foucault genealogy.

Iran Constitutional Movement is one of the major events of the contemporary history of Iran which is significant from its practical as well as its theoretical aspects.One of the Movement's proponents was Naini who, as a religious scholar, in addition to his struggles against Qajar absolute kings rule, was active in theorizing the process of the Constitutional Movement and wrote his seminal book, Tanbih Alumma, in this regard. Although Naini's book has been reviewed from various point of view during recent decades, in the present research, for the first time, his political ideas as described in Tanbih Alumma, was studied through the application of Spragens famous crises model.Thus, each major section of his theory was explained according to a relevant stage of crisis to see to what extent the theory, as whole, may help us to have a better understanding of the Allamah Naini Political Thought.

Analysis of foreign policy(FP) of every country constitute based on role perception which identify the orientations, goals and strategies of action and environment of decision- making lead to foreign policy’s orientation. Subsequently, emergence of trial developments including changing process of bargaining among states and substitution of international system with global one, replacement of actors and capable internal factor of FP have necessitated the revising an current processes of countries’ FP. Then with contextualization at the centre of logical and smart FP on one hand, and reduction of reflexive threats as consequences of radical changes in the global arena on other hand, try to discover some abilities and capabilities for political system. IRI as an important actors in global system and its foreign policy founding on ideological rationality is facing with some challenges within the period that political sphere of each country is the place of actions, reactions and interactions of different inter- intra states’ actors in one side and global system which is bearing of weightiness and large experiences of states and unresembled powers in the other side. This matter is our main question in this paper. In response, structural- systematical and actor oriented challenges on two level of strategic and non- strategic will have some potentials for creation of enormous challenges for IRI foreign policy which can keep our country far from accessing to its designed aims.

One of the most important and influential components in political relations and equations among countries, especially relations between countries or the international relations is identity issue and processes derived from formation and change of one specific identity. Regional and global identities are formed with a specific identity of a country or a state that is in conflict, confrontation or interaction and keeps moving on its way. In the recent decades, especially onedecade sovereignty of Justice and Development Party under the leadership of Recep Tayyip Erdogan, Turkey that has a top geostrategic place in the southwest Asia region, has also fallen into a type of confrontation, conflict and even identification change that this new identity has had so much influence on behaviors and policies of this country. Turkey's politicians especially Recep Tayyip Erdogan, were affected with a type of identity perplexity and are vanished even more in western-oriented identity. Western-center oriented identity of Justice and Development Party statesmen which has some Islamic appearances, has been drawn into conflict and tension with Islamic system of Iran during recent years. These tensions should be considered in a new framework, with a scientific approach and under the shadow of historical background of government in Turkey. In this paper, a new and scientific consideration of western-center oriented identity of Turkey will be executed.

Citizenship rights, certain rights that everyone can be enjoy there from and citizenship against under take duties. Civilization social without this variable had not meaning. Stable development is from aims civilization social without regard citizenship had not meaning. By attention on Citizenship Rights and Duties accreteawareness of citizenship. The most important issue to investigating is that if socio economic factors (such as age, gender, socio economic status, social identity, use of mass media and Religiousness) can change the rate of student awareness of their citizenship rights and duties? It dealt with these goals and the questions about the recognition the title of the study were investigated. Also, it was quoted the ideas and theories of the scientists of different epoch in history and different socio political schools. To do this study, it was applied 6 theories using the survey method and the questionnaire technique in a sample of 384 students from khoramabad payam-e-Noor University. We used the descriptive statistics methods (Frequency, Percentage, Mean) and inferential statistics index (Pearson correlation coefficient, eta correlation coefficient, regression) in analyzing this study statistically. The finding and analyzing them approved 5 hypothesis and disapproved 1 other and at the end the following resulted: there is a significant relation between gender, socio economic status, social identity, use of the mass media and religiousness with the rate of awareness of citizenship rights and duties and there in not a significant relation between and the rate of awareness of citizenship rights and duties. Finally, the direct and indirect effects of the independent variables upon the dependent variables (rights and duties) were calculated by the multiple regression and path analysis and it were R2= 0.42 and R2= 0.41.

Due to human, natural and strategic resource and religious similarities, Islam world has great capabilities to be turned into an effective power in global power structure. However, due to some internal and external factors, it is encountered with serious challenges and this great potential is not used appropriately unit now. This study attempted to investigate the challenges and barriers to Islam world from Islamic unity aspect. Therefore, Imam Khomeini view regarding Islam world unity, barriers and challenges of Islamic world unity, Iran position in Islam world unit process were evaluated. Also, the solutions of improving unit among Muslims were presented. The study method is the investigation of documents, descriptiveanalytical study of Imam Khomeini works.