نشریه پرستاری کودکان
سال یکم شماره 4 (تابستان 1394)

Parents have a strong influence on their children’s well being and behavior and are responsible for ensuring the health of their children. Parental health literacy skills have been linked to health behaviors that impact on children’s health. The objective of this study was to assess parental health literacy and numeracy skills for caring for preschool children in Tehran city. We performed a Descriptive study of parents of preschool children (3-6year-old children) in selected preschool centers in Tehran to assess parental health literacy and numeracy skills for caring for preschool children. Participants in the study were 357 parents from preschool centers. The children of these caregivers ranged in age from three to six. Participants were given the following survey instruments: 1) a demographic questionnaire to assess basic patient characteristics، 2) a previously validated preschool parent`s health literacy measure that consists of 40 questions in five domains: Nutrition، Psychosocial/Development، Injury/Safety، numeracy skills، and health information. All analyses were performed by SPSS v. 18 software. the scores on the preschool parents health literacy was compared by Student t tests or 1-way analysis of variance. The majority of participants were mothers (77/6%). the participants were in the 21-51 year age range with a mean age of 33. 43 years (SD =5/16) Based on data analysis mother`s total health literacy scores was 67/6± 13/2 that is further than father`s total health literacy scores61/7 ±16/4. based on Student t tests mothers health literacy in nutrition، Psychosocial/Development and health information domains and total scores was further than fathers (p<0/05). Higher performance on the questionnaire was significantly correlated (p<0/05) with education. It also shows that parents who had child care books at home and parents who used internet to search health information had higher health literacy. Parents health literacy was about marginal. By enhancing family parents education level، their health literacy level increases. Having books about child care at home and parents health information search not only is an indicator of their responsibility but also indicates their higher health literacy.

aggression and anxiety are one of the common behavioral problems among preschool children. Therefore, this research investigates the influence of poetry therapy and movement/dance therapy on aggression and anxiety among preschool children. This study is a quasi-experimental study with pre and post- tests. Thirty preschool children (6-7 aged) selected through the inclusion criteria. They were assigned randomly to the control and experimental groups. The experimental group received techniques of poetry therapy and movement/dance therapy for ten treatment sessions (90 minutes for each session). The research instruments were Spence Children's Anxiety Scale and Children's Inventory of Anger (ChIA). Statistical analysis conducted by analysis of covariance. Findings indicated that there is significantly difference in aggression between preschool children in pre and post-test (p<0.0.5, F=57/421). Also, There is significantly difference between mean’s scores of anxiety in preschool children in pre and post-tests (p<0.0.5, F= 61/432) poetry therapy and dance/movement therapy improve behavioral problem such as aggression and anxiety in preschool children. So, it is suggested to use these low-cost therapeutic interventions for training and decreasing behavioral problems in preschool children.

Ostomy is one of surgeries that from birth or infancy in order to Maintaining Followed lower gastrointestinal tract congenital defects survival is done. Proper care and prevention of complications of this surgery requires education and empowering families involved in the care of them. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of family-centered empowerment model on Level of parent's knowledge of children with ostomy. This study is a clinical trial on infancy children with intestinal stoma and their parents. A total of 60 children and their parents have been chosen to intervention with the ethical standards and criteria. They were divided randomly into two groups. The case group educated with family centered empowerment model during four sessions 1 hour. Data were collected with questionnaires, included demographics, knowledge and parts of empowerment model that before the intervention in the both groups and 2 months after the intervention, the case groups were completed and the data evaluated with spss21 software and descriptive and analytical statistical test(X2 test for qualitative variables, t-test and independent t for quantitative variables). The results showed, in the case group about of knowledge related with complication before and after intervention (45.63, 50.93) with level (p=0.0001) the difference was significant. Parents knowledge related to Children ostomy care (51.23, 86.60) with level (p=0.0001) the difference was significant. The results of the study indicate that parent's education of children with ostomy through family-centered educational model can increase the knowledge that is related to caring and complication of ostomy.

Concept map is one of the modern instructional methods in the sense that it is closely related to constructivism. The purpose of this study was Comparison the effect of orientation program used by visual concept map and face to face method on fear and anxiety of hospitalized children 6-9 years old in Sabzevar. The research project was a quasi-experimental design with pre-test and post-test. The subjects consisted of 44 hospitalized children 6-9 years old in Sabzevar, who were selected no randomly by method. Data collection tools were: demographic information questionnaire, Broom’s hospital fear and the State - Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children (STAIC). Data were analyzed using SPSS (version 20) and Descriptive Statistics, Shapiro- Wilk, Chi-Square, Fishers Exact Test, Paired Sample T Test, Wilcoxon, Mann- Whitney U and ANCOVA. After orientation program used, in the visual concept map group and face to face method, fear and anxiety (state, trait and total) significantly decreased (p <0.05). Significant differences in trait and total anxiety between two groups were also observed (p <0.05). Concept mapping was more effective in reducing on trait and total anxiety of hospitalized children than face to face method. The results suggest in the hospital setting, where nurses interfaces to time pressure, visual concept map can educate patients.

Regarding to pharmacologic treatment complexity, patients in intensive care unit encounter with more drug interaction. The present study was conducted to investigate the drug interactions in pediatric intensive care unit in Emam Hossein pediatric Hospital, Isfahan, Iran. In this cross- section study, the first 24 hour prescriptions of 100 patients admitted in pediatric intensive care unit of Emam Hossein Hospital, Isfahan, Iran during a five months period were investigated. The number and type of drug interaction and other factors such as number of prescribed drugs, medical diagnosis, age, gender and length of IC. In order to determine the number and type of hospitalization in this ward were assessed. The “Interaction Facts” reference textbook was used for drug interaction determining. The data were analysis using statistic tests such as Pierson correlation test and student t-test and one way Anova. Findings of study showed that overlay, 800 drugs in 99 different cases were prescribed with average of 8±2.79 for each patient. Overall, 194 drug interactions were found among critical care unit patients in the first 24 hour of prescription. Delayed, moderate, and possible interactions were addressed the most interactions. The results showed a significant correlation between the number of drug interactions and prescribed medications number, gender and duration of hospitalizations period(P<0.05). Knowledge of drug interaction, replacing of interacting drug with other drugs as much as possible, noticing of highly interacting drugs, deminishing number of prescribed drugs can reduce PDI number and its consequences.

the hospitalized premature babies often undergo various painful procedures such as venous sampling, this research was done to determine the effect of swaddling method on venous sampling pain on premature neonates. this study was done as a Randomized clinical trial on 90 premature infants who were born in Bushehr Persian Gulf hospital in Iran. The infants were divided into two groups with random allocation block. Group A was swaddling, Group B was the control group. From 10 minutes before blood sampling to 2 minutes after that in group A, the infant was wrapped in a thin sheet. In two groups, the heart rate and arterial oxygen saturation in time intervals of 30 seconds before, during, 30-60-90, and 120 seconds after sampling were measured and recorded. The infant’s appearance was video recorded since sampling till 2 minutes and the videos were checked by a researcher and the pain assessment tools for infants (PIPP) for time intervals of 30 seconds were completed. Data analyzed by using findings revealed that the pain was reduced to a great extent in swaddling compared to that in control group. In addition, the findings showed that the heart beat rate and arterial oxygen saturation was low and stable in swaddling returned to base status faster, whereas, the changes were severe in control group and did not return to base status even after 120 seconds. the results of this study showed, swaddling method can relive pain in premature neonate respectively.

There is an important problem for children to use resistance training to help them for achieve peak performance. The purpose of the present study was to determine the effect of strength and plyometric training in physical power of prepubertal children. The subjects of this research were 20 prepubertal boys with mean age, height and weight of 11.36±0.85 y, 148.38±7.45 cm and 42.05±7.51 kg. The experimental group trained 2 days per week for 8 weeks of strength and plyometric training. The strength and plyometric exercises included bench press, leg extension, vertical jump, depth jump and medicine ball throwing. Physical and performance variables were measured at the beginning and at the end of the training period. Data were analyzed by Wilcoxon and Mann- Whitney U tests. After 8 weeks of training significant differences in strength, vertical jump performance, vertical jump power, medicine ball throwing performance between both experimental and control groups were observed (p <0.05). Resistance training is not only a relatively safe activity for children but that it also is useful to increase muscular strength and power.

Attitudes have an essential influence in the shaping behaviors. Parent's attitudes toward behavior with their children are determinative factor in their behavior with children. This study was conducted to determine the father's attitude toward child abuse. In this cross - sectional study data were collected using a two-part questionnaire from January to March 2014. Participants were 123 fathers referred to 13 Tabriz health centers and had children aged 2 to 12. One Sample T Test showed that the mean score of the total attitude toward child abuse was significantly higher than the middle (p<0.001). Anova showed that the mean score of the total attitude was significantly associated with father's economic status (P<0.05).Also mean score of the attitude toward neglect was significantly associated with father's education level (P<0.05). Results showed that fathers disagreed with child abuse yet considering the relationship between father's attitudes toward child abuse with their education level and economic status, fathers who their education levels and income are low, are prone to child abuse Therefore, paying attention to the livelihood situation of the families and providing education and training for individuals is essential for reducing child abuse.