نشریه پرستاری و مامایی ارومیه
سال سیزدهم شماره 4 (پیاپی 69، تیر 1394)

Helicobacter pylori is a gram-negative bacterium that causes damage to the stomach lining, and it cause digestive problems. Several mechanisms have been proposed for the pathogenesis such as producing alkaline conditions by urease enzyme and oxidative stress. Oxidative stress is essentially an imbalance between the production of free radicals and the ability of the body to counteract or detoxify their harmful effects through neutralization by antioxidants. An important factor for the evaluation of oxidant and antioxidant is the catalase and protein carbonyl content. The aim of this study was to determine the status of these two factors in individuals infected by H. pylori. After sampling and determination of infection status, protein carbonyl and catalase activity were measured. The survey data were analyzed by using spss software. 68 out of 150 suspected cases were infected with H. pylori. Catalase and protein carbonyl levels were significantly higher in these cases comparing to the controls. Increased protein carbonyl content confirms oxidative damage by H. pylori, and catalase activity increases in response to the stress and oxidative damage.

Telepathology is one of the medical subdivisions that is specifically has been taken into consideration in recent years. Telepathology is the practice of digitizing histology and microscopic images to be transmitted by telecommunication for diagnosis, medical advice or continuing education. It includes electronic images production to be examined in one site or another site. At the present research, we have studied the possibility of telepathology implementation considering the presence or lack of presence of requirement and legal standards in medical centers of Western Azerbaijan province. This study is a cross-sectional descriptive study which was conducted in 2013. All public and private hospitals were selected in the city of Urmia. The public sector hospitals in the other towns of West Azerbaijan province were chosen as well. The study population was included hospitals directors and administrators, pathologists, and informatics staff. The sample was considered as the study population. The data gathering tool was a questionnaire which was prepared separately for each group of the study population. Reliability was evaluated, and the data were analyzed by SPSS statistical software. As a result, the average awareness of study population was 2/43 with 0/89 standard deviation about telepathology. There was a significant difference between the average awareness of the hospitals directors and administrators, pathologists and informatics staff, about telepathology. Also the possibility of telepathology implementation by considering the presence of requirement and legal standards was 2/18 with 0/51 standard deviation. Findings show that telepathology implementation can increase the quality of health care and the speed of patient handling, and it can lead to reduce the health costs. Also according to the rule of legal issues, confidentiality of information, sense of responsibility and accountability in telehealth systems, it is necessary to provide new rules and guidelines in this area. It is recommended that hospitals should take necessary proceeding for telepathology implementing.

There are many negative reactions to infertility that affects the well-being, satisfaction of life, and overall quality of life of the infertile person. Various factors have determinant role in infertility-related quality of life. The aim of this study was to consider the predictive role of self-efficacy, optimism and demographical characteristics in infertility-related quality of life. In this cross-sectional descriptive study, from among the infertile females who attended to the Avicenna Infertility Clinic (Tehran), 221 persons were selected by compliance sampling method. Data were collected by the fertility quality of life tool (FertiQoL), the Infertility Self-Efficacy Scale (ISE), Life Orientation Test-Revised (LOT-R) and Demographical Questionnaire, then they were analyzed with multiple regression in stepwise method by SPSS-19 software. Age mean of participants was 31/67. Optimism, infertility-related self-efficacy, and socio-economic status had positively significant role on the prediction of infertility-related quality of life (p<0.001). Age and literacy didn’t significantly predicted the infertility-related quality of life among infertile females (p>0/05). Positive life orientation via optimism, higher self-efficacy in controlling the infertility outcomes, and higher socio-economic status are associated with more appropriate quality of life among infertile females. It is highly recommended to pay attention to these factors in programming and implementing tailored interventions of the infertility-related quality of life improvement for women.

Dysmenorrhea is one of the common problems in women that affect the quality life. Dysmenorrhea doesnt affect the women's body, but it affects their social activities. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of zinc supplement on dysmenorrhea. In this clinical trial study, 60 women with dysmenorrheal were selected, then they were randomly divided in two groups. The experimental group used sulfate zinc plus 220 mg in first day of dysmenorhrea, and the control group received placebo. Then the rate of dysmenorrhea was determined after 48 hours by VISUAL ANALOGUS SCALE. Data were analyzed by spss (v:11). The results of this study showed that use of zinc supplement in menstruation period can decrease dysmenorrheal(pv=.5) The use of zinc supplement can decrease dysmenorrheal in women.

The prevalence of preoperative anxiety in adult is variable from11 to 80 percent. Delay in healing- and increasing use of narcotics and anesthetics are some of the accompanying problems with anxiety before the surgery. Inhalation aromatherapy and massage, nursing intervention, are two of the complementary medicine components to decrease anxiety. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of massage and inhalation aromatherapy on anxiety level of the patients in the preoperative period. In this clinical trial, 72 candidates for heart and abdominal surgery who admitted in Ahvaz hospitals were randomly allocated into two massage and inhalation aromatherapy groups. The Spielberger scale was used to measure the anxiety level. Massage group received twenty minutes of stroking backrub with almond oil. Twenty minute of inhalation with handkerchief containing lavandula was used in the inhalation group. The collected data were analyzed by independent t-test using SPSS version 13 considering P<0.05. The average of anxiety level in the first group decreased from 51.00±8.94 to 38.61±9.79 and in the massage group from 50.58+9.47 to 39.25+10.42 before and after the intervention.The results of independent t-test showed no significant statistical difference between the two groups after the intervention (p=0.766). The findings showed that massage and inhalation aromatherapy were effecting equally on the reduction of anxiety level, and they are proposed for reduction of anxiety in preoperative period as a significant clinical intervention.

Pain is one of the common and detrimental clinical feature of multiple sclerosis (MS). Hypnotherapy is one of the effective psychological approaches. Hypnosis is a safe, effective and non-invasive method that can alleviate both emotional and affective aspects of pain. It seems necessary to conduct the present study with the aim of effect of self-hypnosis on degree of pain in patients with MS, in terms of severity and quality. This clinical trial was carried out on 60 patients with MS in Urmia University of Medical Sciences. The tools were general health questionnaire-28 (GHQ-28), Stanford Hypnotic Susceptibility Scale (SHSS), numerical rating scale (severity of pain), McGill pain questionnaire (quality of pain), and record of pain pills. After initial assessments, patients were randomly assigned into two groups of intervention and control. Education of Self-Hypnosis for the intervention group was performed within 6 half-hour sessions, with no intervention for controls. Then change of pain severity and quality and amount of pain pills were evaluated after one month. Data were analyzed by SPSS using of independent t and Chi-square tests. Self-hypnosis was significantly effective in terms of severity and quality of pain in patients with MS (p<0.05) as mean score of pain severity decreased from 5.63±1.01 to 2.70±1.07 and, score of pain quality decreased from 1.50±0.47 to 0.93±0.29 in the intervention group. This effect was maintained four weeks post-intervention (p<0.05). Amount of pain pills had a decreasing trend. Changes were not significant in controls (p>0.05). Results of this study showed that self-hypnosis is effective in decreasing pain severity and alleviating its quality in female patients with MS.

As a necessity we need to have a valid and reliable instrument for measurement of the Nurses’ Self-Concept. Nurse's self concept influence their mental health and nursing care. Therefore, the study was conducted to psychometric of Nurses’ Self-Concept Questionnaire (NSCQ). thestudy is a descriptive. The Cowin’s NSCQ is a valid and reliable with 36 items and 6 dimensions. After permitting of Cowin, it was translated to Persian. The questionnaire was assessed through qualitative and quantitative methods by ten experts in psychology, psychometric and then ten clinical nurses. The content validity index (CVI) was utilized for relevancy, simplicity and clarity; and then content validity ratio (CVR) was assessed. Then confirmatory and exploratory factor analysis was performed for construct validity with a random sampling method. The subjects were 365 clinical nurses. Finally, Chronbach’s α was used to evaluate internal consistency and test re-test for reliability. Content validity index phase indicated that relevancy was 0.99, simplicity 0.94, clarity 0.95 and total CVI 0.96. The confirmatory factor analysis was not verified adequately but exploratory factor analysis showed that KMO and Bartlet test were significant (0.908, p<0.0001). The correlations within the subscales and between subscales showed that NSCQ is a valid instrument for assessing nurses’ self-concept. In general, NSCQ had a high level of validity, reliability and acceptable construct validity. Therefore, its application for Iranian nurses is suitable.

One of the most important strategies for reducing workplace stress is to identify the severity of stressors. Little information is available about stress intensity factors in the creation of employment for emergency personnel in Iran. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the severity emergency operations stressors in the emergency medical technicians.

According to this descriptive-correlational study, 247 technicians working in disaster and emergency management centers of East Azerbaijan province participated. For data collection, a questionnaire which has two sections to investigate the personal, social and occupational and a questionnaire to evaluate extreme stressful was used. Data analyzed by using SPSS ver. 13 software by using descriptive – inferential statistics.

The results showed that, the average stress intensity factors were above average (3 of 5). The most important stressors factors are, contacting infectious disease, die of a patient, crashing with an ambulance, delay in reaching a place, and driving at high speed. The least important factors are contacting with hospital emergency personnel. In this study, the severity of stress was associated with education level and employment. Also a significant association between stress and experience with mission work was shown.

In this study, job stressors during emergency operations as factors of patient care in acute circumstance, situations threatening the safety of personnel and the fast emergency dispatch were the strongest stressors reported.

Happiness is a persistent feeling of positive emotion and perception of reality of life. Physiological signs of emotion and joy, including: Changes in the face or tone of speech which strongly affect the quality of our relationship with others. Communication performance is the most important characteristic for those who work in primary healthcare. Midwives as a key member in the treatment process, has close relationship with the patients. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the level of happiness and its relationship with the quality of communication performance in midwives.

This study was conducted among 90 midwives working in maternity of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences hospitals which were selected through census sampling. This is a descriptive-correlation study. Data were collected from the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire and observational Check list for communication performance. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, Spearman, ANOVA and Pearson test with Spss19.

11 (12.2%) midwives had low level of happiness, 46 (51.1%) moderate, and 33 midwives (36.7%) had high level of happiness. Spearman correlation coefficient showed a significant and positive correlation between happiness and communication performance (p<0.001, r=0.771).

Due to happiness and communicative performance show significant positive correlation, and also the result showed 63.3% of midwives had low and average happiness, authorities can increase the communication performance of midwives by increasing levels of happiness and through this, organizations provide patient satisfaction.

Communication skills are the cornerstone of the entire adequate clinical measures and have an important role in health sector. Therefore, educating communication skills to the students improve the efficiency of the education system. In this regard, Competency-Based Education Model (CBEM) is a new educational model that aims to reach desired clinical role. This study aims to determine the effect of implementing competency-based education model on nursing students’ communication skills in Urmia Medical Sciences University. In this quasi-experimental study with post-test design; 34 senior nursing students, who met the inclusion criteria, were selected through census and divided into two groups as control and experimental. The control group received traditional education and the experiment group received competency-based education for their coronary care unit course. The students’ communication skills score were measured through a researcher-made data collecting instrument (self-report questionnaire with likert rating scale). The collected data was analyzed by SPSS (19) software using descriptive and inferential statistics (Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Chi square and independent t-test). The results indicate that communication skills of students in the experimental group was significantly higher than students in the control group (P=0.007). CBEM better than the conventional model improves the students’ communication skills. Therefore, it is suggested to improve the efficiency and the effectiveness of clinical courses by taking advantage of this educational.

Mental health in pregnant women is an important factor in the stability of family and society. One of the important strategies for physical and mental health of women during pregnancy is husband's participation in this important affair. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between husbands participation in prenatal care and mental health of pregnant women referred to health centers Urmia, 1392. This study is a descriptive-correlational one that was conducted on 275 pregnant women which were selected through convenience sampling. To collect the data,, a three-part questionnaire including demographic information questionnaire, male participation and mental health questionnaire (GHQ-28) was used. Statistical data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics and independent t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS version 20 software. The mean age of the women in this study was 27.25±4.2. Average participation husbands was 43.05 ± 5/91 and the average mental health score was 39.13± 9.518. Significant positive correlation were between the mental health of women and husbands participation (r = 0.294 AND P= 0.000) and the maximum communication was the physical realm of mental health According to the central role of women in the education of children, health officials attention to women's mental health, through programs such as education husbands to participate in prenatal care is necessary. Attention to the mental aspect of pregnant women in prenatal care can promote the mental health of pregnant women.