مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید صدوقی یزد
سال بیست و سوم شماره 4 (پیاپی 105، تیر 1394)

Various methods are applied in order to restore maxillary premolar teeth which show much decay, though some inconsistencies have been reported in regard with the rate of fracture strength in different studies. Therefore, in this study, fracture resistance of buccal cusp was compared via 5 different types of restorations. In this experimental study, 75 intact extracted maxillary premolars were used and divided into 5 groups. Standard MOD cavity with reduction of pulpal cusp was prepared in all groups and then was restored with different methods. The teeth were randomly divided into Group A: amalgam build-up with one pin, Group B: amalgam build-up with two pins, Group C: composite build-up, Group D: composite build-up with fiber(FRC) and Group E: ceramic onlay. The specimen were assessed via Universal Testing Machine in order to examine fracture resistance. In order to analyze the study data, Mann- Whitny and Kruskal Wallis tests were utilized to make the comparison among five types of materials. There was a high significant difference among all the groups. The average fracture resistance values were as follows: group A 236.19 N, group B 289.81 N, group C 333.07 N, group D 459.31 N and group E 165.04 N. Regarding the higher cuspal fracture resistance in group D, it can be definitely possible to apply this method to restore destructed and carious maxillary premolar teeth with more reliability.

An association have been reported between diesel exhaust and endocrine disorders in several studies. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the effects of diesel exhaust on serum levels of T3, T4 and testosterone in male rats.

In this laboratory experimental study, 24 male Wistar rats were randomly divided to 4 groups (6 series) consisting of the control group and groups exposed to 1, 4 and 8 hours daily diesel exhaust. After 10 weeks, blood samples were collected using cardiac puncture method and the levels of T3, T4 and testosterone were measured by radioimmunoassay following the serum collection. The study data were statically analyzed using ANOVA.

T3, T4 and testosterone serum levels did not significantly change in rats exposed to diesel exhaust for 1h/day compared to control rats, whereas these serum levels significantly increased in group exposed for 8h/day compared to control animals (P<0.05, P<0.01 and P<0.001, respectively).

The study findings indicated that prolonged exposure to diesel exhaust results in increased thyroid and testicular activity, according to which exposure to diesel exhaust, particularly prolonged exposure can be accounted as an important factor associated with thyroid and sex glands disorders.

Biologists have increasingly used zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles in regard with biological applications. The present study aimed to assess feasibility of ZnO nanoparticles synthesis by high-energy milling as well as to investigate their antimicrobial effect.

The high-energy ball milling technique was used to produce ZnO nanoparticles from micron-scale ZnO particles. The phase state, morphology, and size of the ZnO nanoparticles were characterized by different methods of particle size analyzer (PSA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-Vis spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Furthermore, the antibacterial effect of ZnO nanoparticles was examined on E. coli and S. aureus bacteria.

The study results demonstrated that size of the synthesized nanoparticles was within the range of 20 -90 nm and their morphology was reported as nanorod and nanoparticles with multifaceted cross-section. An increase in the density of nanoparticles resulted in a rise in the antimicrobial effect. Moreover, Staphylococcus aureus bacteria inhibition zone was 3±0.5 and 7±0.5 mm respectively at the density of 6 and 10 mM. The MIC and MBC of ZnO nanoparticles provided for Staphylococcus aureus were observed 3±3 and 2.5±0 mg/ml, whereas they were reported 7.5±0 and 8±0 mg/ml for Escherichia coli bacteria.

The findings of the present study revealed that ZnO nanomaterials could be synthesized by applying high-energy milling on micron-scaled ZnO particles. In addition, they can be utilized in food packaging and preservation process.

Toxoplasma gondii is a ubiquitous obligate intracellular parasite with a relatively broad host range infecting both mammals and birds. Toxoplasma proteins are strong antigens that can begin strong immune reactions, among which Rhoptry protein 1 (ROP1) can be named discharging from rhoptry cell-organ. ROP1 is regarded as a competitor for recombinant vaccines against toxoplasmosis. Therefore, the main objective of the current study was to evaluate the cloning and expression of ROP1 Toxoplasma gondii in a cloning vector as well as to create this recombinant antigen in order to be applied for later uses.Genomic DNA of Toxoplasma gondii was removed and reproduced by PCR, then the PCR product was cloned into the EcoR1 and BamH1 sites of cloning vector, pUET1, and transformed into Escherichia coli BL21 plysS strain. Moreover, pcROP1 was sub-cloned into the HindIII and EcoRI sites of the pcDNA3 in order to produce recombining eukaryotic declaration vector. The cloned ROP1 was verified by PCR, limitation enzymes (HindIII and BglΙ) digestion and nucleotide sequencing. Then, this recombinant antigen was covered applying IgM and ELISAIgG. The study results demonstrated that a fragment of 757 bp was separated. In addition, nucleotide sequence analysis of the ROP1 cloned in pUET1vector revealed high homology (96%) with RH strain Gene Bank Accession (No. M71274). The recombinant ROP1 antigen in an IgM Rec-ELISA test can be replaced with the tachyzoite antigen in IgG and IgM serologic tests.

S. aureus, the second most common cause of nosocomial infections, is regarded as an important factor in the severe infections of the community. Methicillin-resistant strains of this bacterium involve a major pathogen which can cause disease and mortality in Iran and the world. Its treatment seems to be difficult due to the prevalence of resistance to most commonly-used antibiotics. In fact, methicillin -resistant strains need to be identified precisely and rapidly. Therefore, this study intended to assess the resistance to methicillin via the disk diffusion method and PCR for mecA gene. This study was conducted on 100 strains of Staphylococcus aureus collected from clinical various samples of Moheb and Milad hospitals in Tehran. Sensitivity to antibiotics was determined by the disk diffusion method and gene resistance (mecA) was examined by PCR method. Moreover, specific primers were explored and the results were compared. The prevalence of methicillin-resistant strains by the disk diffusion method was 50% (n=50), whereas 74% (n=74) were determined to have mecA gene via PCR analysis. Out of these 100 samples, 61 samples belonged to Moheb hospital, among which 47.54% (n=29) were observed to be methicillin-resistant by disk diffusion method and 60.65% (n=37) via PCR method. Other 39 samples were obtained from Milad Hospital, of which 84/53% (n=21) demonstrated resistance to methicillin via disk diffusion and 87/94% (n=37) via PCR method. The study findings revealed that due to high prevalence of methicillin resistance, a quick and detailed identification method of MRSA is required. Since disk diffusion method proposes relatively high false-negative results and is observed to have a time-consuming nature, PCR can be taken in to consideration as the best method in order to identify methicillin-resistant strains.

Eugenol is a substance obtained from clove that has some therapeutic properties. Angiogenesis involves the formation of new blood vessels from the primary vessels. Since today natural products are taken into consideration in regard with anti-angiogenic therapies, this study intended to investigate anti-angiogenic effects of eugenol on chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) of chick embryo. In this experimental study, 70 Ross fertilized eggs were randomly divided into: control, sham and five experimental groups. On the 8th day of incubation, experimental groups were treated with 0.5 -5 mM of eugenol. On the 12th day, all cases were photographed and the numbers and lengths of vessels around the sponges were measured via applying image J software. Furthermore, the hemoglobin content was measured using Drabkin test, and then the embryo weight was recorded. The study data were analyzed statistically via SPSS software utilizing ANOVA test at significance level of p<0.05. No significant difference was observed in regard with average number and length of vessels in sham and control groups. It is worth mentioning that the average number and length of vessels in experimental groups of 3, 4 and 5 revealed a significant decrease compared to the control group (p<0/001). The hemoglobin content of experimental groups of 2، 3, 4 and 5 demonstrated a significant decrease (p<0/001). Moreover, the weight of the embryos in 3, 4 and 5experimental groups showed a significant decrease compared to the controls (p<0.001). As the study findings revealed, Eugenol was reported to have inhibitory effect on angiogenesis in the chick embryo, therefore, it may be regarded as a good candidate for studies concerned with cancer treatment and pathological conditions associated with angiogenesis.

Skin cancer is regarded as the most common cancer in Iran. Thus, this study aimed to compare the cancer epidemiology in Yazd and Kurdistan provinces with different development conditions, through which the ground for further studies as well as appropriate interventions are provided. This was a descriptive epidemiological study which the study population consisted of patients suffering from skin cancer (different types) in the province of Kurdistan and Yazd in 2012. The study data were gleaned utilizing the information recorded in the Register of Skin Cancer Health Center in Kurdistan and Yazd. In the current study, the province of Kurdistan was considered as a disadvantaged and Yazd province as a developed one. The mean age of Kurdistan patients was 64.4±12.5 and the mean age of Yazd patients was 61.5± 15. Age-adjusted prevalence of skin cancer in Kurdistan and Yazd was reported respectively 7.07 and 7.60 per 100,000. Age-adjusted incidence was observed as 3.66 and 5.02 per 100,000 respectively in Yazd and Kurdistan in the second half of 2012. The study results revealed that the cancer prevalence was higher in Yazd province, which could be due such factors as continuous contact with sunlight and pollution caused by industries of Yazd Province. It is recommended to take the development of health promotion activities in to account simultaneously with the urban development.

Heart diseases involve the first and most prevalent causes of morbidity as well as mortality in Iran, which can be affected by various factors. Hence, this study aimed to explore the comparison and relationships between social support and coping strategies in patients with myocardial infarction and in the control group in Rasht. In this descriptive study, the study healthy population consisted of all males aged 40-90 living in Rasht, among which 125 males were selected via a cluster random sampling method in 2013. Moreover, the study patient population entailed all male patients suffering from myocardial infarction aged 40-90 living in Rasht who were hospitalized in Dr.Heshmat hospital of Rasht in the first five months of 2013. The patient samples were 125 men selected via purposeful sampling method. In order to glean the study data, Carver's coping strategies inventory and Phillip's perceived social support questionnaire were applied and the data were analyzed utilizing SPSS software (Version 18). The study results revealed that a significant correlation was observed between social support and problem-focused coping strategies in healthy subjects as well as in patients diagnosed with myocardial infarction. Furthermore, a significant difference was observed between healthy subjects and those suffering from myocardial infarction in regard with the overall score of perceived social support, emotion-focused coping strategies and problem-focused coping strategies. The findings of the current study demonstrated the role of social support variables and stress coping strategies should be taken into account in order to prevent cardiovascular diseases.

Dental abscesses and periodontal disease can be regarded as the common causes of odontogenic sinusitis. Apical periodontitis, periodontal disease, implant treatment and teeth extraction lead to the increase risk of maxillary sinus mucositis. The maxillary sinuses are usually well visualized on panoramic images. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the association between mucosal thickening of the sinuses and periodontal bone loss(PBL) on the digital panoramic images. In this cross-sectional descriptive study, a total of 200 digital panoramic images related to patients at least suffering from mild periodontal bone loss were reviewed. Type and severity of PBL of posterior teeth were assessed, and the presence of mucosal thickening was recorded. The study data were analyzed via SPSS software (version17) applying Chi-square test. Moreover, significant level of P –value of less than. 005 was determined. Mucosal thickening was significantly correlated with the bone loss and pattern type of the bone loss. Moreover, the prevalence of sinus mucosal thickening was 12.10% in patients with mild bone loss, 27.45% in patients with moderate bone loss, 63.15% in patients with severe bone loss. No statistically significant relationship was detected between Maxillary sinus mucositis with patients’ age and sex (p =0.05). In patients suffering from the bone loss, increased severity of the bone loss can lead to an increase in the prevalence of sinus mucosal thickening. The maxillary sinus mucositis was reported to be more prevalent in the bone loss with a vertical pattern rather than the bone loss with a horizontal pattern. Moreover, based on the results of the present study, the periodontal disease may increase the risk of sinus mucosal thickening.

Due to a significant increase in cesarean section, cesarean scar pregnancy has increased dramatically which can endanger the life of the mother if early diagnose and treatment is not timely performed. Severe vaginal bleeding can be mentioned as one of the symptoms which its definite diagnosis could be made by ultrasound. Case report: The patient was a 36-year-old woman with a history of a normal vaginal delivery and a caesarean section at 10 weeks and 5 days of gestational age who was admitted with chief complaints of severe vaginal bleeding. Ultrasound examination detected no fetal heart rate, and then serum of the oxytocin was infused. After two episodes of bleeding, the patient was transferred to the operating room for curettage. During performing curettage, a notch was observed in inferior anterior part of uterus simultaneously with much vaginal bleeding so as the patient was regarded hemodynamically unstable, and thus the hysterectomy was taken. After the uterine incision in the Department of Pathology, pregnancy in previous cesarean scar was detected. Two days later, the patient was discharged with good general condition receiving some medication advice and necessary recommendations.

Previous cesarean scar pregnancy if not detected early can be associated with high morbidity and mortality. Therefore, the possibility of this pregnancy should be considered in pregnant women with uterine bleeding, abdominal pain as well as a history of cesarean section. It should be noted that after previous cesarean scar pregnancy was definitely diagnosed via ultrasound examination, treatment necessitates to be started utilizing methotrexate to ensure the future fertility of the mother.