نشریه اسلام و سلامت
پیاپی 1 (بهار 1393)

Interest in the use of natural based medicines is a worldwide trend that is approved and ordered by the World Health Organization. It is necessary to recognize the differences between traditional and modern medicine schools for achieving an integrated medicine. The first principles of the Iranian traditional medicine (ITM) were compared with modern medicine by studying the traditional medicine texts. One of the differences is the existence of «administrator power» or «Nature» in human body from ITM approach that controls all systems and organs of the body. Nature is the first physician of everyone and physician’s duty is only helping and enforcing it. There is no equivalent for this concept in modern medicine. The second difference is the belief in individual differences among humans (Mizaj) and using it in protecting the health، diagnosis and treatment. Nowadays there is no exact equivalent of this concept in modern medicine، but the expansion of personalized medicine is a way to reach the common approach in this field. The best pattern of integrated medicine for Islamic society is adding the methods and tools of modern medicine based on belief principles of traditional medicine.

One of the important challenges in medical sciences is human cloning nowadays. This subject makes many questions among the researches، bioethics philosophers، religious scholars especially Shia and Sunni jurists. Since one of the most important reason of human cloning opponents is its conflict and incompatibility with human munificence. This study aimed at investigating the adaptability and the lack of conflict between human cloning and munificence. This study had been designed to evaluate the human munificence by using Quran، Traditions and the ideas of Religious Scholars and Theologians. In addition، the articles that had been presented comments on cloning were used in the present study. From Quran point of view، the human being possesses inherent munificence. Cloning has the same situation in protection of embryo munificence with extra uterine fertilization process. The same genetic identity is not adversative of individual identity. In the cloning، the restriction of genetic system has been challenged and has not specific relationship with the general character of human. The formation of personality of cloning person in the environment protects human munificence. None of the Shia jurists has declared that cloning is the evidence of violation of human munificence. Human cloning has not conflict with his munificence. The lack of conflict between cloning and munificence were obtained by exact investigation about this. Moral reasons that disagree with human cloning are not firm. It seems that there are not the traditional and rational reasons in incompatibility of human cloning with his inherent munificence.

Nutrition is one of the issues which has a special chapter in many medical schools. The relationship between food and the spirit is one of the issues mentioned in monotheistic worldview mainly in Islam. The aim of this study was to determine the status and importance of food from the Qur''an view because more attention might be paid to the nutrition، hereby. With reference to the digital versions of the Quran، to the related interpretations and to the search of terms related to nutrition، including food، wine، Alcohol and its derivatives، the related verses were collected based on related topics and the comments of commentators. Totally، the word “Ta’am” (food) and its derivatives، “Akal” (eating) and the word “Sharab” (wine) have been repeated 48، 107 and 39 times، respectively. In addition، the general principle of lawful food (Halal) is directly pointed 6 times among verses related to food. Among different interpretations of the Quran، the importance of body feeding is emphasized than spirit feeding. According to many scholars and commentators، the issue of food is beyond its material aspects. Issues such as spiritual health through lawful business، gaining knowledge and thinking in the creation of man and food، reflection on the food formation and its change in human body and the use of natural food sources can be considered as the dimensions of food importance and status.

Abortion is the termination of pregnancy before the twentieth week. About 80 thousand abortions are annually performed in Iran. Many social issues such as having many children، asymmetry in sex، unintended pregnancy، or being illegitimate child have provided appropriate ground for abortion. Different schools have offered a variety of views and ideas. The conception phase and the stage before the soul is inspirited are of value to Islam due to the dignity of man. This study investigated the issue of abortion from the perspective of Islam especially Shi''a jurisprudence. The religious verdicts of jurisconsult and Shia contemporary scholars، the religious jurisprudence ideas of Imam Khomeini and Ayatollah Ali Khamenei and the author''s perspective on human abortion were discussed and evaluated in this study. The traditions of Muhammad and the signs of Quran were also cited in the present study. The approach of different schools of Sunni، Judaism، the teachings of Zoroaster and Christian theologians were considered. The ideas of non-divine schools like feminists، the science view of medical specialists and the intellectual and common language reasons were addressed in this study. The majority of Islamic jurisconsults believes that the abortion at any stage of the live is prohibited and is considered non-religious if there is no good reason for it. Abortion sanctity in some circumstances is prohibited according to the negation of hardship and sin rules and it should be prevented from the greater loss based on importance and priority rule. There is no strong reason to abort the pregnancy because of its harassment in the womb. Abortion is permissible for mother if the life of mother is at risk. The sanctity of the rule is removed by the negation of sin rule. The negation of sin rule is dominant on all provisions like dissimulation. The sanctity of abortion is not absolute and has exception from the perspective of the majority of Islamic jurisconsults. The sanctity of abortion is removed according to the negation of hardship and sin rules. The harassment of pregnancy in the womb، which leads to danger of mother’s life، can be licensed for abortion. The religious teachings and Shia jurisprudence determine the right way.

Islam attributes the great value to health and there are not many recommended actions such this way. But despite of the presence of many resources on dental hygiene، it still has a very minor status in our divine books and scientific articles. This paper aimed at exploring and examining the narrations in this regard for perhaps all the attitude and motivation of individuals can be promoted in this matter. In this study، the Sources were collected from Seminary School of Qom، Feizieh Seminary School of Mazandaran، narrative and scientific resources of Ayatollah Marashi Najafi Library، Qom، computer software in the Computer Research Center of Islamic Sciences In Qom، the use of similar studies in Tehran and Shahid Beheshti Universities. In this study، a selection of narratives were investigated under different categories، including the importance of prevention and hygiene، stink breath، spiritual effects of brushing، brushing technique، other oral health materials and cleaning the interdental area as well. Islam gives priority to oral hygiene and prevention from diseases in its recommendations and provides too many orders in this regard. Also، in modern dentistry، oral hygiene and prevention from diseases is very important issue. This indicates that not only religion and science are in harmony and do not violate each other but also new results and discoveries are identified in consistence with religious wisdom and reasons every day by passing time.

Studies have shown that there is a relationship between the spirituality and life purpose، the life satisfaction and health. In the last two or three decades، spirituality pays much attention to the mental health and the spirituality has also been considered another part of mental health or human health. One of the factors that plays a key role in mental health is spiritual intelligence. Today، psychologists consider the importance of religious and spiritual concerns in their work، whether in general or more specific in the case of psychotherapy. Therefore، it is necessary to investigate carefully the concept of spiritual intelligence in Islam and psychology. The aim of this study was to explain the concept of spiritual intelligence in Islam and psychology، to use the Islamic authentic sources such as Quran and the authentic books of hadith and to study the perspectives of psychologists carefully. Psychology and Islam do not use only one concept to describe the exact meaning of spiritual intelligence but they use some symptoms and characteristics to its interpretations. The certain words and methods are used in Islamic teachings and concepts that have the homogeneity and similarity in some cases and sometimes there is no the same perspective. Certainly there are common and similar elements in the strategies of spiritual intelligence growth in psychological and Islamic approaches. In some areas، there are different strategies in the growth of spiritual intelligence the present study showed that in the light of Islamic teachings can be achieved to more sustainable growth، development and prosperity.