فصلنامه پرستاری سالمندان
سال یکم شماره 3 (بهار 1394)

Introduction and Massage therapy is one of the most common and safe methods in complementary therapy worldwide and it is also the most popular alternative therapy in nursing care.The aim of this study was to determine effect of back massage on sleep quality in the elderly residing at nursing homes of Kermanshah city. In this single-blinded radomized control trial, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Inventory (PSQI) was used to screen and select cases suffer from sleep disorders. The samples were selected by purposive sampling method and then assigned to two case groups and one control group. Each group composed of 30 subjects and there were equal numbers of each sex withine groups. We analyzed data using ANOVA, ANCOVA, Repeated Measures ANOVA and Kruskal Wallis test. The results of this study showed that after intervention there were significant differences between three groups for the following scores; subjective sleep quality (p = 0.025), actual duration of sleep (p = 0.012), sleep efficiency (p = 0. 022), sleep disturbance (p = 0.025), daily function (p = 0.033), sleep latency (p <0.001) and average total score of the PSQI (p = 0.001). In addition, there was a significant difference between the sub-scales and the total score of the PSQI (p = 0.021). Daily record of sleep in the current study indicated improved sleep quality and reduced nocturnal awakenings during the intervention (p = 0.001) This study confirmed beneficial effect of back massage on improving sleep quality in elderly residing at nursing homes. Massage therapy can be used as a non-pharmacologic therapeutic approach for sleep disorders among elderly.

Introduction and Elderly should be supported in some particular aspects of this stage because aging make the eldelry vulnerable and decrease their abilities. This study aime to investigate the relationship between personality traits, religious orientation as well as locus of control and marital satisfaction of older women. This descriptive-analytical study conducted among elder women at the City of Pishva in 2013. Cluster sampling method were used to recruit 130 elderly. Data were collected using several questionnaires including NEO Personality Inventory (NEO P), Religious Orientation Scale (ROS), Rotter's Locus of Control Scale and Marital Satisfaction Scale. Data were analyzed by Pearson correlation and stepwise regression using SPSS-19. Our findings showed a positive and significant relationship between extroversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, intrinsic religious orientation and internal locus of control and marital satisfaction. Additionaly, we found a negative and significant relationship between neuroticism and marital satisfaction of elders women. The results of stepwise regression showed that conscientiousness, intrinsic religious orientation and neuroticism significantly predicte marital satisfaction. This model shows that 39 percent of the variance in mairtal staisfaction can be explained by conscientiousness, intrinsic religious orientation and neuroticism. Conscientiousness was shown to be the strongest predictor of matital satisfaction in elder women. According to the results of this study, conscientiousness, intrinsic religious orientation and neuroticism were the most important predictors of marital satisfaction among elder women. Therefore, policymakers, therapists and counselors should pay more attention to symptoms of the mentioned variables and accordingly develop interventional programs to promote marital satisfaction of eldelr women.

Introduction and Aging is a natural and inevitable process that every human being go thorugh. Elderly residing at nursing homes experience more stress and depression that eventually affect their quality of life compared to elderly living in their own home. Meanwhile, social support can promote elderly’s quality of life. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to compare quality of life, social support and depression among old people living in their own home and nursing home residents. This descriptive-analytical study was conducted in Gilan, north of Iran, 2014 to 2015. Participants in this study were collected using convenience sampling method and composed of 108 individuals (equal numbers of elderly living in their own home and nursing home residents). Data were collected using three questionnaires including SF-12 Quality of Life, Voux Social Support Inventory and Beck Depression Inventory. Data were analyzed using multiple analysis of variance (MANOVA). Results of the present study revealed that elderly living in their own home had better quality of life (F= 288.358, p<0.01), higher social support (F= 185.589, p<0.01) and lower Depression (X= 302.266, p<0.001) in comparison to elderly residing in nursing home. According to the results of the current study, it is better to accommodate elderly in their own home till last day of their life. This is due to the fact that old people are more dynamic in their own home, would be able to take care of children, maintaine their relationships and receive support from family members.

Introduction and Trauma is the fifth leading cause of death in patients aged more than 65 years old. In addition, 12% of individuals who suffer from trauma are elderly while rate of elderly mortality among trauma cases has been reported up to 28%. Therefore, this study aimed at assessing frequency of trauma among elderly attending to Taleghani Hospital in Kermanshah. This retrospective study used secondary data from medical record of elderly (more than 60 years) attending to the emergency ward of Taleghani hospital during the first six months of 2008. The findings showed that 56.4% of trauma cases were male and 43.6% were female with mean age of 70.6 ± 9.1 years. The main cause of trauma was fall (58.7%), majority of traumas (60.9%) occurred at home and the upper extremity injuries (25.1%) was the most affected area. More than half (59.8%) of trauma cases require hospitalization and further treatment in which 41.9% of them were admitted to the orthopedic ward. Although, the outcomes of trauma are deteriorated in elderly patients but, its mortality and morbidity can be reduced by continuous monitoring, special treatment and on top of that maintaining a safe environment for elderly patients.

Introduction and Aging is a sensitive period of human being's life which requires substantial attention toward related needs and concerns. Depression and fear of loneliness cause lack of meaning in life especially, among older people dwelling in nursing homes. Furthermore, in the absence of warm relationship with family, nursing home residents are prone to depression and meaningless in their life. Poetry therapy could be an effective approach in reducing depression and promoting realization of meaning in life. Therefore, this study aime to investigate effect of group poetry therapy on depression and searching for meaning in life among female elderly dwelling in Tafresh city. This study was a quasi-experiment pre-test post-tests research with control group. Using convenience sampling method, thirty female elderly were collected from nursing homes at the city of Tafresh in 2013-2014. Participants were randomly divided into two groups of intervention and control. Data were collected by the Mini Mental status Examination (MMSE), Depression Scale (GDS) and Meaning of life Questionnaire (MLQ). The questionnaires were administrated two times at baseline and post-intervention. The results of t-test in the current study showed that there is a significant difference in the mean of depression, meaning in life and searching for meaning in life between interventions and controls at post-test (p = 0.03). In addition, paired t-test showed significant differences in the mean of depression, meaning in life and searching for meaning in life between baseline score of interventions and their post-test score. Findings from the current study revealed that psychological therapies such as group poetry therapy could help female elderly with reducing depression, maintaining and promoting meaning in life.

Introduction and Hypertension is an important risk factor for cronary heart diseases and the most common cause of stroke and renal failure in the elderly. This study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of hypertension and its associated risk factors in the elderly of Bahar city in the province of Hamadan. This analytical cross-sectional study was conducted among older adults (more than 60 years old) of Bahar city in the province of Hamadan. Total sample of 476 elderly attending to the urban and rural health centers during March to June 2014 were enrolled. The information contained in the checklist of this study were; gender, age, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, marital status and living conditions. Our findings revealed that the prevalence of hypertension in elderly was 25% and the average systolic and diastolic blood pressure was 124.94±19.52 and 75.55±11.7 mmHg, respectively. Furthermore, after adjusting for the effect of confounders, our results indicated that elderly at urban area had 2.19 times higher chance of having hypertension compared to rural area (P=0.002). Older people living alone had 4.51 times greater chance of having diastolic hypertension compared to the elderly who lived with spouses but, this relationship was not significant. (P=0.077). The prevalence of hypertension in the elderly population of Bahar city was lower than majority of previous Iranian studies. Lifestyle of elderly could be a potential risk factors for increasing systolic and diastolic blood pressure.

Introduction and Aging population is a new phenomenon in Iran which is due to several reasons such as decrease in birth rate, increase in medical advances, health, education and prolonged life expectancy. The current study aim to investigate economic and social aspects of elderly population such as median age of population, dependency ratio, sex ratio, marital status, litearcy and employment in Ilam province. We used secondary data from population and housing censuses of Ilam province between 1976 to 2011 and also the population data form the United Nations. According to the census data, population aged more than 65 years old increased from 4.03 % in 1986 to 4.71 % in 2011. The population of elderly in rural areas was higher than urban areas. Data from 2006 census showed that aging index in Ilam was less than 10. The sex ratio in population older than 65 years old was similar to the whole population and was higher than 100. In all the censuses, number of widows was more than widowers. The literacy rate of elderly increased from 8% in 1986 to 13% in 2011. From the structural point of view, the population of Ilam is in the midlife stage (toward aging). In the current situation, high dynamic population has created a favorable age structure and an ideal opportunity for improvement of the development which is known as the demographic opportunity window among the demographers.

Introduction and Retirement and ageing are the two important parts of human life that can be studied in various aspects. Retirement, which is usually considered as a stressful process and is related to depression and poor physical health status, plays an important role in identity and self-esteem of individuals. The aim of this study was to identify physical health status and its association with depression among retired staffs of Bojnourd education department. This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 259 retired teachers living in the city of Bojnourd in 2011. Participants were collected using convinivence sampling method. Data were collected using three parts questionnaire including socio-demographic charactristics, a researcher-made questionnaire to measure physical health status and Beck Depression Inventory. The researcher-made questionnaire was initially approved by experts and then its reliability was assessed using Cronbachs alpha (0.85). Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and Chi-square test. The results of this study showed that there is a significant (p< 0.05) association between depression and the following physical complaints: visual, oral, respiratory, skin, gastrointestinal, urinary - genital, neurology, musculoskeletal, blood pressure, heart and vessels, disorder dreams, endocrinology and infectious disease. Problems of the elderly can be solved by social engagement into activities that are compatible with retieers’ capabilities.