مجله علمی پژوهان
سال یازدهم شماره 2 (زمستان 1391)

Toxoplasmosis is a most common parasitic infection in humans and animals، it has two acute and chronic phases that related to IgM and IgG، respectively. This prevalence is affected by different variables، so determination of the prevalence of serum IgG and IgM antibodies against Toxoplasma in terms of these variables like age، occupation and education level is so important. This descriptive-analytic cross sectional study was done on 350 pregnant women referred to health - Therapeutic centers of Hamadan city. After obtaining informed consent from volunteers، their serum samples were tested by IgG ELISA and IgM ELISA methods and their associations with age، occupation and education level variables were measured. From total of 350 pregnant women، 105 cases (%30) had anti Toxoplasma IgG، and 3 cases (%2. 9) had anti-Toxoplasma IgM. Antibody titer of IgM with variable age، occupation and education level was not significant، but antibody titer of IgG with these variables was significant. Given the significant association between the disease and age، occupation and education level in pregnant women، it should be provide the necessary training and knowledge about prevention and avoid of being infected with toxoplasmosis infection.

appendicitis is a common urgent surgical operation. Since early diagnosis and treatment of appendicitis is necessary and also some disease mimic its clinical manifestation and rate of negative appendectomy was high (%30-15)، so surgeons were trying to increase the accuracy of diagnosis of appendicitis by using laboratory facilities. The main aim of this study was to investigation of sensitivity and specificity CRP in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis and compares it with routine laboratory tests such as leukocyte count and neutrophil count. In this descriptive - analytical study، blood samples of 191 patients with diagnosis of acute appendicitis that underwent appendectomy at the Besat hospital، were used to measuring of CRP. The surgical specimens were reviewed by pathologists and pathologic findings were considered as gold standard. Then by using of the results of pathology tests، sensitivity، specificity and positive and negative predictive value of CRP، WBC and neutrophils were measured. Data were analyzed by SPSS14. 0 software and t test and chi square test. about 74 percent of the patients were male and 25. 7% were female and the mean age was 26 ±3. 4 years. The most common symptom، sign and pathologic stage of patients were loss of appetite (95. 2%)، local tenderness (95. 8%) and Acute suppurative 64. 9%. about thirteen percent of patients had normal appendectomies that consist of 35% of women and 6% of men appendectomy. The sensitivity and specificity of CRP، WBC and neutrophils respectively were: 93. 3%، 50%، 84. 8%، 61. 5%، 98. 1% and 19. 2%. According to the results، the CRP test at diagnosis and in finding of negative appendectomy has high value، but was not reliable as an exclusive test. Therefore، the use of CRP as a paraclinical criterion along with other criteria of Alvarado scoring system can be very useful in diagnosis of appendicitis.

in the recent years، organizational culture has been an important research concept in the management domain. This study intends to determine the organizational culture of Hamadan University of Medical Sciences form the view point of faculty members based on Hofstede Model. in this cross-sectional descriptive-analytic study، faculty members of Hamadan University of medical sciences were research population that sample involved 162 people which have been selected through random sampling. To gather the data، Hofstede Organizational Culture Questionnaire was used as well as demographic variables questionnaire. To analyze the data SPSS was used. THE sample consisted of %63. 59 male. The mean age of the sample was 36. 45±4. 35 and the mean years of employment was 16. 43 ±5. 77. Lecturer، assistant professor and associate professor were %34. 573، %52. 47 and %12. 86، respectively. The findings revealed the characteristics of the organizational culture of the research population as follows: cultural balance with a trend to masculinity، collectivism، low uncertainty avoidance and relatively balanced of power distance. Also factors such as age and years of employment have negative significant relation with uncertainty avoidance and masculinity femininity rate in the man and women are different. Faculty members in Hamadan University of Medical Sciences consider organizational culture supportive and they believe that University beside being emphasized over the social responsibilities، tends to avoid injustice.

cerebrovascular accidents are the third leading cause of mortality and the most important cause of morbidity in adults in the most of the world. Multiple factors such as Socioeconomic، lifestyle، environmental and genetic factors may be the cause of stroke risk differences in our community. This study was designed to evaluate the Stroke Risk Factor in persons above 55 years old without history of Stroke who referred to Health Centers in Hamadan on 2012. In a Descriptive- Analytical study، 300 persons above 55 years without history of stroke who referred to Health centers of Hamadan were selected (randomly)، with regarded of inclusion and exclusion criteria and after explaining the research and its purposes، their permission was obtained. Their demographic data (such as age، gender)، history of heart disease، hypertension and drug reception for it، diabetes، hyperlipidemia، smoking were filled in questionnaire. One EKG was performed (about the atrial fibrillation and signs of left ventricular hypertrophy). then data were analyzed and average tenth year stroke risk with use the Prof. Donald Smith software (stroke risk calculator) calculated. The mean age، risk factors and systolic blood pressure in men and women were: 68. 62±10. 6y، 1. 33±2. 16 and 129±18. 7 mmHg. History of diabetes mellitus، hyperlipidemia، smoking، hypertension (HTN)، drug reception for HTN، drug reception in persons with history of HTN، SBP≥140mmHg، drug reception in persons with SBP≥140mmHg،Cardiovascular disease، atrial fibrillation (AF rhythm) and signs of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in EKG have frequency:، 19%، 28%، 19. 66%، 8. 33%، 3. 33%، 20. 33%، 59. 77%، 29%، 34%، 42. 23%، respectively. The mean calculated stroke risk was for tenth year %10071. This risk was %11074 in men and %9052 in women population. It can be concluded that with regard to transition of socioeconomic and community especially aging and international experience of epidemiologic transition، stroke risk factors and consecutive stroke risk in Hamadan as a small sample of a developing country are rapidly increasing. It is hope that experiences obtained in developed countries applied in preventive programs and healthy planning.

This study was aimed to evaluate the technical efficiency of Hamadan University of Medical Sciences and functional indexes based on using mathematical model analysis of inclusive data (DEA) in 2010. This study is a cross- sectional، the data field of library and information through the use of doctoral dissertations and master and go directly to the hospital and the university''s center for statistics. This method has limitations in dealing method using data envelopment analysis (DEA) to evaluate the technical efficiency of hospitals DEAP2 prescription coverage has been Hamadan University of medical sciences. The model used in this study analysis of multistage DEA model is used for the minimization of production factors and output variables. Data inputs include the number of groups of physicians (general practitioners، specialists، doctors intern in teaching hospitals، physician residents in teaching hospitals)، the number of nurses (nurses، nurse aid، nurse)، the number of staff and beds and the output includes the number of surgeries، number of ambulatory patients، the percentage of occupied beds، average bed day stay patient is hospitalized. Then calculate the technical efficiency of hospitals and hospital efficiency (efficiency coefficient E=1) and the inefficient (the unit) is obtained. The most important factors for technical efficiency in hospitals have been incorrect use of beds patient-day in sufficiency and bed-days occupied. Finally in Hamadan average surplus factor (input)، respectively: 3 physicians، 9 nurses، 8 other personnel and 3 active beds and there should be surplus production factors surplus to be removed to hospitals in the province average to reach the desired level of technical efficiency. The findings in this study shows the highest ratio of technical efficiency in Besat، Beheshti، Farshchian، Imam Hussein Malayer، ValiAsr Razan، Ali Moradian and Heydari Nahavand، Ghaem and Amiralmomenin Asadabad hospitals in comparison with other hospitals.

Advanced phonological skills are important for the acquisition of reading skills. Children with hearing impairment have reading skills are weaker than others because of auditory inputs and due to the defect in phonological skills. The use of hearing aids and cochlear implants help to collect information on people who are hard of hearing. This descriptive - analytic study was done on 12 children with cochlear implant and 12 children with hearing aids that were selected from second grades students of Tehran primary schools. Children''s phonological performance was assessed by phonological subtests of Nama reading test and the data were analyzed using version 16. 0 of SPSS. The results showed that the means of scores of children with cochlear implants in Rhyme task were significantly greater than the children with hearing aids (P=0. 034). But in means of scores of Phone deletion and Non-word reading tasks were not significant different between two groups (P=0. 919، P=0. 670). Cochlear implant with accessibility auditory inputs can facilitated the acquisition of phonological awareness skills in hearing loss children. But whereas the other language inputs such as sight and touch input helped to developing these skills، children with hearing aids too also can acquisition these skills.

fluoride in low concentration is essential for human but in high concentration is very hazardous for human health. The efficacy of Snail Shell (SS) was investigated in this research work as an adsorbent for the elimination of fluoride from aqueous. in this experimental study، the capability of SS to adsorb fluoride ions was conducted using a series of batch tests in a shaker-incubator instrument. For each batch run، 100 mL of solution containing a known initial concentration of Fluoride and with the preferred level of pH was shacked. The effects of selected parameters such as pH (3-11)، reaction time (5–60 min) cyanide concentrations (5-10 mg/L) and the adsorbent dosage (0. 25–2. 5g/L) were investigated on the removal fluoride as a target contaminate. Chemical composition SS were analyzed using a Philips model XL30- scanning electron microscope (SEM) with energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis (EDX). The concentration of Fluoride in solution before and after treatment was determined using the HACH method. Analysis of the SS component using the EDX technique showed that the main part of it consisted of calcium and its other components were magnesium، aluminum and silicate. The experimental data showed that the maximum fluoride removal occurred at pH of 7، adsorbent dose (0. 5 g/L) and 30 min contact time and 5 mg/lit initial concentration. The kinetic evaluation indicated that the pseudo-second-order kinetic had the best fit to the experimental results predicting a chemisorption process. The equilibrium adsorption of fluoride onto SS was well represented by the Langmuir equation. As a result، SS was revealed as a very efficient and low-cost adsorbent and a promising option for removing fluoride from industrial wastewaters.