پژوهشنامه جغرافیای انتظامی
پیاپی 7 (پاییز 1393)

No doubt, the tourism industry is one of the most sensitive and vulnerable to crises. Major events such as natural disasters, epidemics, terrorist attacks, improper management and the pressures impose on the industry. In fact, tourism crisis is defined as any event that threatens destination normal function and carry out business related to tourism may impair or threaten the safety of tourists. Urban tourism spaces are as a subset of the city's population, followed by their affinity, which are highly vulnerable to human and natural disasters. This article is based on Explaining the concept of tourism crisis management, determining situation of major components of tourism crisis management in tourist spaces of Yazd city. The results show that dimensions of tourism crisis management among the different spaces as well as physical security, political- social, economic and behavior security have been higher than average level items. To analyze the results, and outlines, using versatility crisis approach and using the SOAR model, have been found strengths, opportunities, aspirations and results.

Since the various regions have not experienced a uniform development in different times and places, there are numerous regional inequalities, in all scales, across countries; as there are various special regions with better position than others in terms of various indicators. Therefore, studying economic, social, cultural and political inequalities among groups, classes, ethnics and geographical regions or divisions of the civil is a necessary and fundamental task for planning and making reforms in order to meet economic growth and to realize sustainable security, particularly in the sustainable regions. This study aims at analyzing the differences and inequalities among border townships of West Azerbaijan Province in terms of enjoying 63 indicators. Economic, social, educational and physical indicators as well as ranking these townships in terms of enjoying the mentioned indicators are among the most studied indicators. It’s an applied research in which analytical-comparative method was used. Electer and Topsis method, which is one of multi-criteria decision making methods, was used for analyzing data. Regarding the results it was demonstrated that development indicators have not been distributed equally among townships of the province. Piranshahr, Sardasht, Uromiya were the first to third townships in terms of enjoying these indicators, while Mako, Oshnaviyeh, and Chaldoran were deprived cities in terms of the studied indicators. Regarding the results of Topsis method, social indicators of Sardasht, social indicators of Oshnaviyeh, economic and physical indicators of Uromiya were in the first ranks. Ranking townships in this study can be useful in optimizing the status quo and organizing development levels and sustainable security in this province.

The globalization process has increased developmental relationship between countries and influences of political borders. This order has influenced in various ways the political borders between countries and borders area and has provided developmental trade exchange between countries and other players in the form of logical exchange and non logical exchange like good smuggling between countries. Among them, Islamic Republic of Iran according to having long borders from good smuggling having had challenges and insecurity in economic, politic, culture and….So, identity and determining affecting factors on goods smuggling is one of the first management and control step of Iran’s borders that this article want to answer by descriptive-analytic way that which factors affecting good smuggling in Iran’s borders? Sources that have use for gathering data to answer this question by library study and questionnaire have shaped and for analysis the data of questionnaire have used SPSS and T-test. Results of this study showed that affecting factors in goods smuggling across Iran’s borders include geographical factors (border length, natural geography of border and…), economic factors (spatial inequality, unemployment and...), social and cultural factors (public culture, increasing utilization culture and…), political factors (number of neighbors, the rate of sovereignty of neighbors in their territory and …). Recognition of these affecting factors on good smuggling is the first movement step for management and control Iran’s borders.

Send peace and welfare of the collective life of mankind, if Social Security is a fundamental issue in many aspects and different ways of life be ruled. The city is also one of the factors that affect various tissues of the security of citizens. The study aimed to investigate the social security of citizens in the context of old and new town planning Javanrood is written. Survey methods - descriptive. The population of all citizens residing in the examined tissue are sampled according to Cochran, 380 samples were as a society. Sampling was non-random. A questionnaire was used to collect data. Reliability and validity of the questionnaire using Cronbach's alpha coefficient of validity was examined. To analyze the data, SPSS and Excel software were used. To test this hypothesis, and Friedman was independent of T. Findings show that social security of citizen’s distressed areas with mean (2.52), less than citizens of new tissue and programmed to average (3.34), respectively. Social Security as well as women with a mean (2.60), less social security men with a mean (3.19), respectively. The average level of satisfaction with the performance of the police to provide security in old tissue with new tissue and programmed at 4.02 and was equal to 3.60. To analyze the data, SPSS and Excel software were used. To test this hypothesis, two-sample T-test and Friedman were used. Findings show that social security of citizen’s distressed areas with mean (2.52), less than citizens of new tissue and programmed to average (3.34), respectively. Social Security as well as women with a mean (2.60), less social security men with a mean (3.19), respectively. Based on this study it can be concluded that social security is not desirable citizens living in distressed areas and modernize and restructure the tissues, the social security of citizens is imperative and inevitable.

Crimes and deviance rates increase in central and peripheral zones of city and metropolis. These situations related to social and physical development of cities and formation of cultural, economic and social heterogeneous centers. The rate of physical, economic, cultural and social deviance and crimes related to development degree of city. The main objective of this research is detection of urban crimes and deviance and it's ranking on cities which are implemented in the city of Gorgan. The research is descriptive type and is performed by survey method. The statistical population of the research includes three groups of staff managers, elites and citizens. Research samples were 561 persons who were gained by the purposed sampling (for managers) and quota sampling (for elites and citizens) the main tool for data collecting were questionnaire and interview and date analyzed with spss. The results of this study indicates that; poverty, unemployment, false occupations, immigration, begging and housing are the most important urban economic deviance and harms; addiction, marginality, divorce, street children, robbery, street harassment, vandalism and violence are the most important social deviance; bad dressing, tribalism, ethnocentrism and cultural conflicts and educational abnormality were important cultural deviance; and traffic, pollution and convenient situation of pathway and asphalts were among most important physical issues and problems of city.

Social security in public green spaces has several positive and negative feedback from the communitySocial security reasons to provide socioeconomic dynamics.Social security in public green spaces that people with different levels and base of economic and social are present, is the basic requirement. In this regard, the authors selected a national park area is a function of social security that they examined. The method descriptive - analytical application is the goal. Data in either library (upper records) or field surveys (questionnaires) have been gathered. A sample of 100 persons was selected and sampling as well as non-probability - not accident. After entering data into spss software tests ANOVA, T-test T-independent twosample were also analyzed by Pearson test. The results demonstrate that linguistic harassment indices of with a mean value of 2.78 were the largest decline in the nation's security in the Mellat Park. After these respectively indices,visual harassment whit 2.74 and physical harassment whit 2.26, lead to reduce the amount of security in the area have been studied. Also the insecurity among women is more than men. Continue based on Pearson's test showed that the correlation between age and insecurity is - 0.811. This illustrates an inverse relationship between these two variables., insecurity decreased with increasing age and vice versa. The correlation between education and insecurity - 0.867, compared with age is more correlated with the variable insecurity. The following suggestions are offered to increase social security in the Mellat Park.