فصلنامه پژوهش های تاریخی
سال ششم شماره 4 (پیاپی 24، زمستان 1394)

Newspaper writers in qajar period (inside and outside of country) including some of the country''s intellectual elite had also played an important role in disseminating new ideas and theories in society. New ideas derived from European thought had been taken by these autors and was transferred to community. In this regard، due to the economic recession in the country، Iran''s elite are looking to get rid of these situation began to explore the Western economic thought. According to this approach was fully conscious with importance of private section a series of articles were published that included views of the classical school. akhtar and tarbiat newspaper were priority in presenting these idias to society classic economy in writing of journalist in qajar period

Review symbols common to all the path of Sofia and Shiite in Kurdistan، one of the factors in effective governance tendency of Kurds in the past to accept Shia sect; under the control of customs and rites were endemic طريقتي the Kurdistan، symbols and symbols many of his ideas in the Shiite Kurds spread and people follow the religion Imam Shafei to contrary in prayer، the quality of ablutions done call to pay their respects and reduced. Many Kurds following path of Sofia in the resort، the pilgrimage to graves، follow the sheikh path and etc. like the Shiites and such a belief in the atmosphere much difference with the Shiites do not feel. Therefore the path نقشبندي Qaderi، blessing Allahi and Jalali was widespread in all Kurdish areas، field enter Shiite ideas to Kurdistan and they provided in the form of thoughts and beliefs Sofia promoted Shiite beliefs among Kurds. convergence and near path beliefs and Shiite، near more tribes from Kurds Shia sect and provided growth in Shia tribes from among Kurds – especially Kurds south Kurdistan-following. But the fall of the scope of the ideas obtained in Kurdistan that with the speed of the start and end of side during the Revolution all Islamic Kurdistan، separation borders Shiite and Sunni and Kurdish regions in.

Rulers Buyids on the establishment and dominance over other competitors Buyid provided an opportunity for political and ideological valuable services to the state with the formal support of the Imamiyeh Islamic civilization، and the place will remain. In addition، an important scientific and cultural achievements of Islamic thought which emerged in many theological differences between Sunni and Shia، and the plan was possible. These important efforts and the consequence of was enlarged attention of Imamiyeh and the range، academic But the support and actions of politicians Buyids Shi''ism active role in the academic and social capabilities. It seems that among the various strategies that Imamiyeh leaders were working to explain and establish the position «Hadith al-Ghadir» has priority. It had the support of faith and theology، and because of Readings differents has created consequence - political، social and cultural of the community; raised The sensitivity of many scientific circles، and has left important traces in the history of Islam. The main research question is «What is the position of Ghadir Hadith of leaders strategies of Imamiyeh the fourth century?» The author looking for to prove this theory by using various sources of the way in descriptive analytic and sometimes critically of which” «explain and establish the intellectual foundations Ghadir tradition has been، the most important scientific and cultural achievements of the Shia in the fourth century.» Ghadir tradition and so has had an important role in the development of scientific activities and ideological tendencies of the Imamiyeh.

From the nineteen century the country of Oman due to its strategic location has always been a very important center for the British regional policy. In the 60s the movement of Dhofar was formed which was very dangerous for the stability of the region. In the Cold War era this became a crucial issue and the Great Powers began to compete on it. In the region، Iran and Saudi Arabia entered the issue and in 1972-1975 Iran did military intervention and the movement was defeated and fell apart. In this essay we will study how this movement was formed and how Great Powers interfered and the issue became an international problem. In this essay the hypothesis is that the Great Powers and Regional Powers played an important role ideologically and strategically.