فهرست مطالب aazam sadat heydari yazdi

Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) exhibit a kind of negligence in performing their daily tasks and activities, which also affects the maintenance of oral health. Due to the low quality of life in these children, it is doubtful that the Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) will be affected compared to healthy children. 

In this study, 106 untreated ADHD children referred to the clinic of Taleghani Hospital in Gorgan City, Iran, in 2018-2019 were selected through the convenient sampling method. Data were gathered using the Child-Oral Impacts on Daily Performance (Child-OIDP) and Clinical Examination Questionnaires. Data were analyzed through SPSS-18, descriptive statistics indexes, the Mann-Whitney test, the Shapiro-Wilk test, and the Spearman correlation test. 

The most common self-expression problem of ADHD children was decay (88.6%), followed by pain, erupting, and tooth sensitivity, respectively. The OHRQoL score of these children was 12.79, which OIDP obtained. The index and the decay score of these children were 6.62, obtained by the Decay, Missing, and Filled Teeth (DMFT) index—the correlation between total DMFT and OIDP. The index score was positive and significant (r= 0.256, P= 0.008). A significant inverse correlation existed between the total DMFT score and parents' education level (r= -0.271, P= 0.005) and (r= -0.283, P= 0.003), respectively. 

There is a significant relationship between oral health and tooth decay index. Better oral health and decay, missing, and filled teeth index are associated with a higher quality of life.

Healthcare workers are at the forefront of the fight against disease and undoubtedly have the most significant responsibility and burden of stress. They are under severe physical and psychological pressure. This study compared the anxiety caused by corona and resilience in healthcare and non-healthcare workers.

This cross-sectional study used an online self-administered questionnaire in Iran. The sample comprised 102 healthcare workers and 123 non-healthcare workers who completed the social network questionnaire from March 1 to 9, 2021. The participants were assessed using the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) and the Corona Disease Anxiety Scale (CDAS). The data were analyzed through descriptive statistics, Chi-square, t-test, Mann-Whitney test, ANCOVA, and SPSS v.16.

COVID-19 has led to significantly higher anxiety in healthcare workers regarding physical symptoms than in non-healthcare workers (P= 0.037). Also, the healthcare worker had raised a total CDAS score (P= 0.029). The total score of CD-RISC was also 90.6±13.9 among the non-healthcare workers and 84.1±19.8 among healthcare workers (P= 0.036). After adjustment for the probable confounding effect of education level, again, the total scores of the two scales were significantly different between the two groups (P< 0.05).

According to the results, COVID-19 has led to significantly higher anxiety and lower resilience in healthcare workers than non-healthcare workers.

Methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) can theoretically reduce the psychosocial harms of opioid dependency. The increasing number of MMT clinics in Iran during the last two decades was not accompanied by a reduction in addiction rates. Therefore, this study was conducted to compare the psychopathological characteristics of individuals on MMT, opioid dependents, and a control group in the Iranian population.

This cross-sectional study was conducted in Mashhad to evaluate the psychopathological profile of 99 participants (33 opioid-dependent individuals [ODI], 33 MMT clients, and 33 controls) using the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R) questionnaire and demographic form. Parametric and non-parametric tests were used to compare the mean score of symptoms between the three groups. The Spearman correlation test was used to test the correlation of psychological features with age anddependency duration. 

There was no significant difference between MMT clients and ODI regarding the Global Severity Index (GSI) and nine items of the SCL-90-R questionnaire. However, a significant difference was found between the controls and two other groups (P<0.001). Paranoid ideation in the ODI was more frequent compared to MMT clients significantly (P=0.015). Psychological characteristics had a direct correlation with dependency duration and an inverse correlation with age (P<0.05).

Psychopathologic features observed in the dependent patients and MMT clients were significantly higher than in the control group. It seems that the psychopathology profile in MMT clients was not better than dependent individuals in Iran

Neurodevelopmental disabilities, particularly executive function impairments, are currently the most prevalent long-term morbidity in the population with Congenital Heart Disease (CHD). This study aimed to investigate the frequency of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in children with congenital heart disease. 

This was a retrospective cohort study, which was performed during 2002-2018 on patients with CHD referred to the pediatric cardiology clinic of Imam Reza hospital, Mashhad, Iran. Using the census method, all files for which ADHD diagnosis should be included in the study. Diagnosis of CHD was performed clinically and using an echocardiographic machine by an experienced pediatric cardiologist. Demographic, clinical, and para-clinical data of patients and the type of heart intervention were collected and analyzed. The data were analyzed through SPSS software version 16.5, descriptive statistics, and the Chi-square test.

In this study, 136 patients were enrolled. The mean age of participants in the study was 59.12± 45.84 months at the time of diagnosis. An abnormal electroencephalogram (EEG) was reported in three cases (2.2%). There was a significant correlation between prematurity and developmental delay (P= 0.01). The mean age was significantly different in patients with minor rather than those with major cardiac disorders (P< 0.05). The prevalence of ADHD in the CHD population was high (31.6%).

This study demonstrated that children born with congenital heart disease are at increased risk of suffering from attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

 Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and major depression disorder (MDD) are highly debilitating disorders that usually require lifelong treatments. Studies have introduced cognitive rigidity as a common risk factor for both disorders. This study aimed to investigate and compare the cognitive rigidity profile in patients with OCD and MDD.

This is a descriptive causal-comparative study. The participants were selected among who referred to Bozorgmehr Clinic in Tabriz city, Iran, in 2019 based on the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for OCD and MDD by using convenience sampling. A total of forty-five cases were selected and assigned to three equal groups. Research instrument included General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28),  Maudsley Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory (MOCI), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and the computer-based task-switching test, working memory test, and the Stroop Color and Word Test (SCWT), which are related to cognitive rigidity. The data were statistically analyzed by using multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) in SPSS-16.

The results showed that MDD and OCD patients had more errors in the task-switching test than healthy individuals as the control group (p < /em>=0.043). In addition the response time in the task-switching test was longer in MDD and OCD patients than in controls (p < /em>=0.007). The control group outperformed both OCD and MDD patients in the working memory test. The results also indicated that MDD and OCD patients had more errors and obtained higher scores on the response time in the SCWT compared to the control group (p < /em>=0.003).

The results suggested that patients with MDD and OCD were similar to each other but significantly different from healthy individuals in cognitive rigidity profile. lar to each other but significantly different from control group in terms of cognitive rigidity profile.

This community-based study aimed to investigate the psychiatric disorders and their comorbidities according to the kind of psychiatric disorders. Frequency of demographic factors and the prevalence of total psychiatric disorders in term of demographic charactheristics were obtained too.

The present study focused on 1028 children and adolescent aged 6 to 18 years old across the Razavi Khorasan province by random sampling. The subjects included 496 boys and 532 girls from three age groups (6-9 years, 10-14 years and 15-18 years). Eight clinical psychologists trained to complete the Persian version of K-SADS-PL (Kiddie-SADS present and life time version). This scale measures five diagnostic appendixes of psychiatric disorders. Demographic data of participants were collected too. The data were recorded into the SPSS version 16. The relationship between psychiatric disorders and demographic factors deliberate by descriptive analysis and 95% confidence interval.

The total rate of psychiatric disorders among children and adolescent was estimated as 20.5%, elimination disorders with a rate of 12.9% was the most prevalent disorder in the subjects. The lowest prevalence belongs to psychotic disorder and bulimia nervosa (0.1%). Of participants with mood disorders about 71.4% have behavioral disorders too. Anxiety disorders also commonly occurred in person with mood disorders. The comparison of ORs and their 95% confidence interval revealed that there is a significant difference for total psychiatric disorder among boys and girls (OR=0.6 for girls; 95% CI: 0.44-0.82). The rate of total psychiatric disorders in rural and urban areas was 14.9% and 21.1% respectively.

With attention to the high prevalence of psychiatric disorders among children and adolescents, it’s necessary that healthcare officials pay more attention to reinforcement of mental health care.

Child abuse remains a significant public health and social problem in developing countries. Studies on this subject could provide valuable information regarding the scope and nature of this phenomenon and its impact on public health. This study aimed to determine the demographic characteristics and risk factors of children and parents involved in subtypes of child abuse in a psychosocial support department.
This cross-sectional study was conducted in a pediatric hospital in Bandar Abbas, Iran from 2011 to 2013. The understudy population consisted of 519 child abuse cases that had been referred to psychosocial support departments for further investigations. Data regarding demographic characteristics and risk factors were collected using a questionnaire. Data analyzed through descriptive statistics, Logistic regression and SPSS software version 16.
From the total, 315 (60.7%) were boys and 355 (68.4%) were under 6 years. A total of 152 (29.3%) parents had mental disorders. The most common type of abuse in children was neglect (77%). Physical abuse was more commonly done by working mothers. Study results also revealed that physical abuse was less prevalent among children of less educated mothers and fathers. Physical abuse was also more common among children of parents with mental disorders and single parent families.
This study showed that demographic characteristics of the child and parents and some related risk factors have a significant effect on child abuse subtypes.

Anxiety disorders and depression during childhood and adolescence are among highly prevalent serious mental health problems, which lead to reduced performance in children and can also negatively affect on children’s emotional and social long-term development.
This study is a controlled clinical trial that evaluates the effectiveness of the "Friends for Life" cognitive-behavioral program in reducing the symptoms of anxiety and depression in children. In this study, 248 male students aged 10 were screened using the Revised Children’s Manifest Anxiety (RCMA) and the Children’s Depression Inventory (CDI) in terms of mild to moderate symptoms of anxiety and depression. Of the subjects, 40 students met the inclusion criteria.
The demographic questionnaire, the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) and the Depression-Anxiety-Stress Scale (DASS) were filled out by parents. The children in the experimental group received the "Friends for Life" cognitive-behavioral training program for eight 1-hour weekly sessions. RCMA, CDI, SDQ, and DASS were filled out again in both groups at the end of the sessions and 3 months later.
Children’s depression and manifest anxiety scores before intervention were not significantly different in the two groups; however, their changes immediately after intervention and during 3 months of follow-up were significant (p Implementation of "Friends for Life" program is effective in prevention and treatment of the symptoms of anxiety and depression in children.