نشریه اصول بهداشت روانی
سال بیست و پنجم شماره 5 (پیاپی 116، Oct-Nov 2023)

One out of four patients with psychiatric disorders does not respond adequately to standard treatment, and this will lead to personal and social burdens. The present study aimed to assess the effectiveness of strengthening metacognitive therapy with transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) in major depressive disorder.

The statistical population of this clinical trial consisted of outpatients with major depressive disorder in Mashhad city-Iran. Forty-five patients were selected by purposeful sampling and randomly divided into three groups (active group (metacognitive therapy enriched with tDCS), sham group (metacognitive therapy unenriched with tDCS), and metacognitive group). The intervention was conducted in 10 training ninety-minute sessions. All patients responded to the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) and the Hamilton Depression Scale (HAM-D) in pre-test, post-test, and follow-up stages. Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance and ANOVA for repeated measures.

The results showed a significant difference between the depression scores in the three stages (P< 0.01). Furthermore, there was a significant difference between depression scores in the mentioned groups, and this difference is greater for metacognitive therapy enriched with tDCS.

Based on the findings, added transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) to metacognitive therapy positively impacts treating depression in patients with major depressive disorder.

Healthcare workers are at the forefront of the fight against disease and undoubtedly have the most significant responsibility and burden of stress. They are under severe physical and psychological pressure. This study compared the anxiety caused by corona and resilience in healthcare and non-healthcare workers.

This cross-sectional study used an online self-administered questionnaire in Iran. The sample comprised 102 healthcare workers and 123 non-healthcare workers who completed the social network questionnaire from March 1 to 9, 2021. The participants were assessed using the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) and the Corona Disease Anxiety Scale (CDAS). The data were analyzed through descriptive statistics, Chi-square, t-test, Mann-Whitney test, ANCOVA, and SPSS v.16.

COVID-19 has led to significantly higher anxiety in healthcare workers regarding physical symptoms than in non-healthcare workers (P= 0.037). Also, the healthcare worker had raised a total CDAS score (P= 0.029). The total score of CD-RISC was also 90.6±13.9 among the non-healthcare workers and 84.1±19.8 among healthcare workers (P= 0.036). After adjustment for the probable confounding effect of education level, again, the total scores of the two scales were significantly different between the two groups (P< 0.05).

According to the results, COVID-19 has led to significantly higher anxiety and lower resilience in healthcare workers than non-healthcare workers.

Regarding the prevalence of Internet Addiction (IA) in university students and the relationship between IA and personality traits, the present study aims to assess Internet addiction and its relationship with personality traits in medical students.

The population of this correlational study consisted of all medical students of Gonabad University of Medical Sciences-Iran in 2020 (n= 350). Among them, 196 students (124 female and 72 male) were selected using simple random sampling based on gender and educational level. They fulfilled the Internet Addiction Test (IAT) and NEO Personality Inventory-Revised (NEO-PI-R). The data were analyzed through the descriptive tests and inferential statistics, including standard error of proportions, Chi-square, Fisher's-test, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and the regression model through SPSS v.23.

The findings revealed that 16.84% of the students had severe IA, while 63.78% had moderate IA. The demographic variables indicated that gender was not related to IA significantly, while the relationship between IA and marital status was significant. In personality traits, the highest correlation was seen between IA and neuroticism (r= 0.33, P= 0.001). Also, there is a significant and negative relationship between conscientiousness and the level of internet addiction (moderate correlation level) (r= -0.29, P= 0.001). At the same time, there were not any significant relationships between IA and other personality traits.

Based on the findings, the prevalence rate of Internet addiction among medical students was high, especially in single students—also, personality traits of neuroticism, and conscientiousness significantly correlated with Internet addiction.

The present study investigates the role of psychological patterns and the duration of smartphone and laptop use on neck pain.

The statistical population of this correlational study included all students of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad-Iran, in the academic year of 2021-2022. Two-hundred forty-two students were selected by the multi-stage cluster method. The data were gathered through NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI), Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale (DASS-21), Nordic Neck Pain Scale, and a researcher-made questionnaire to check smartphone and laptop usage hours. Information and data were analyzed using the structural equation model.

The results showed that personality traits and their dimensions (such as flexibility, neuroticism, introversion/extroversion, work conscientiousness, and agreeableness), psychological stress and its subscales (anxiety, depression, and stress), and the duration of using smartphone and laptop could not have a significant effect on neck pain (P> 0.05) (Power AGFI> 0.90, Power RMSEA> 0.90).

Based on the findings, psychological patterns and the duration of smartphone and laptop use have no significant effects on neck pain, and it is necessary to use more accurate tools to investigate in a wider and deeper way.

This study aimed to predict moral behavior based on psychological well-being and attitude to time, considering the mediating role of self-transcendence and fundamental values.

The statistical population of this descriptive and correlational study consisted of all students of Bu-Ali Sina University in Hamadan-Iran in the 2018-2019 academic year. The sample size was 372 students selected by the convenenient sampling method. The instruments included Psychological Well-being (Diener et al., 1985), Attitude to Time (Mello and Worrell, 2010), Self-transcendence (Levinson et al., 2005), Researcher-Made Scale of Moral Behavior, and Fundamental Values Scale (Jason et al., 2001). Data were analyzed by path analysis using SPSS-25 and LISREL.

The results indicated that the proposed model has a good fitness with the empirical data (GFI= 0.95, IFI= 0.98, CFI= 0.95). The results showed that self-transcendence and fundamental values significantly mediate the relationship between moral behavior, psychological well-being, and attitude to time (P< 0.01). Attitude to time and psychological well-being significantly affect moral behavior by mediating self-transcendence and fundamental values.

Based on the findings of this research, the probability of performing moral behavior by people with psychological well-being and positive attitude to time can be predicted when people have fundamental values and gain knowledge about them. It is also necessary that these people have reached a level of self-transcendence. Value and self-transcendence connect moral behavior with psychological well-being and attitude to time and facilitate the possibility of moral behavior in social situations.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of dialogic skills on the resilience and adjustment of mothers with physically challenged children.

The statistical population included all mothers of physically challenged children in Mashhad-Iran who were referred to counseling and treatment centers for people with physical disabilities in Mashhad between September 2021 and November 2021. The samples were selected using the convenient sampling method and were randomly divided into experimental (n= 30) and control (n= 30) groups. Research instruments included The Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) and Bell Adjustment Inventory. The experimental group received the dialogic skills training for six 2-hour sessions. Data analysis was performed using the descriptive statistics, ANCOVA, and SPSS software.

The results showed that the implementation and training of dialogic skills have a positive and significant effect on the resilience (P< 0.001) and adjustment (P< 0.001) of mothers with physically challenged children.

According to the results, dialogue skills training have a significant and effective role in the resilience and adaptation of mothers with physically challenged children.

The prevalence of mental health disorders continues to increase yearly worldwide. Low mental health literacy has been identified as the leading cause of the increasing prevalence of mental disorders. In order to improve community awareness of mental health-related issues, including students, exploring health science students at the university level is also essential. This study aimed to investigate mental health literacy among health science students.

This study is quantitative with a cross-sectional study design. The study was conducted from May to October 2022 at a state university. The population is health sciences students of Universitas Hasanuddin in Indonesia. The participants were selected by a simple random sampling method. The data collected through the Mental Health Literacy Scale for Healthcare Students (MHLS-HS). We analyzed data by the descriptive statistics, ANOVA, Chi-square, Pearson Correlation tests, and SPSS software.  

The results showed that predominantly participants were female (84.4%), Sulawesi ethnic (87.2%), living in urban areas (60.7%), frequently accessing mental health information (55.9%), and attending seminars and workshops (76.3%), have a moderate level on mental health literacy (51.2%). Information access has shown a statistically significant impact on mental health knowledge among health science students (P= 0.009).

Mental health knowledge among health science students was correlated to information access, in which, more frequently, students accessing mental health information through online news/media could affect their knowledge. In order to strengthen the evidence, further study with large sample size and variables is needed.

Assessing the characteristics of the atmosphere of psychiatric wards provides managers with valuable information. This tool has had different accreditation features in different countries. This study was conducted to validate the Persian version of the short form of the psychiatry Ward Atmosphere Scale (WAS).

This cross-sectional study was part of a wider research (181 nurses and 299 patients) in selected hospitals of Bushehr and Shiraz cities-Iran in 2019. The psychiatry WAS-short form was validated according to the collected data. The steps of translation and re-translation of the scale were done by two people fluent in Farsi and English. Form validity and content validity were checked by asking the opinions of 11 experts, and the reliability of the questionnaire was checked by determining internal consistency and stability. SPSS software version 22 was used for data analysis.

No items were removed during content validity. The average index and content validity ratio were 0.92 and 0.88, respectively. The Kuder-Richardson coefficient was calculated for nurses and patients, respectively, 0.92 and 0.86. The intracluster correlation between test and retest scores for nurses and patients was calculated as 0.91 and 0.89, respectively.

Considering the validity and reliability of the short form of the psychiatry ward atmosphere scale in Iranian society, it is recommended to be used by researchers and medical staff. Other methods, such as divergent validity and factor analysis of the questions of the revised Iranian version of the questionnaire, are suggested.