فهرست مطالب farrokh tahmasebi

This study aims to explore and analyze innovative approaches to waste management and recycling in urban settings, focusing on the application of new technologies, citizen participation, and collaborative efforts. A qualitative research design was employed, utilizing semi-structured interviews as the primary method of data collection. Participants included experts, city managers, environmental activists, and individuals with experience and knowledge in waste management and related technologies. Content analysis was conducted to identify main themes, subthemes, and related concepts. The analysis revealed five main themes: New Technologies in Recycling, Citizen Participation, Sustainable Waste Management, Circular Economy, and Culture and Society. These themes encompassed various subthemes such as Artificial Intelligence, Robotics, Internet of Things (IoT) for New Technologies in Recycling; Education and Culture-Building, Rewards and Incentives, and Community Initiatives for Citizen Participation; and Government Policies, Infrastructure, and Waste Reduction Strategies for Sustainable Waste Management, among others. The study highlights the importance of adopting multidimensional approaches to waste management that incorporate technology, community engagement, and inter-sectoral collaboration. It underscores the potential of innovative technologies and citizen participation in enhancing recycling processes and promoting sustainable urban development.

This study aimed to explore the nature and implications of the digital divide in rural communities, identifying the key barriers to digital access and utilization. It sought to understand the socioeconomic, educational, and infrastructural factors contributing to the divide and to propose targeted interventions for bridging the gap. A qualitative research design was employed, utilizing semi-structured interviews with 20 participants from various rural communities. The interviews were designed to capture in-depth insights into participants' experiences with digital access and usage. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis to identify common themes and patterns related to the digital divide. The study revealed that economic barriers, inadequate educational resources, and insufficient infrastructure significantly hinder digital access in rural areas. Economic challenges include the affordability of devices and services, while educational barriers encompass both the availability of digital literacy programs and the reliance on schools for digital access. Infrastructure issues, notably internet connectivity and reliability, further exacerbate the digital divide. Additionally, the study highlighted the importance of tailored financial and educational services to support rural communities. Bridging the digital divide in rural communities requires a multifaceted approach that addresses economic, educational, and infrastructural barriers. Targeted policy interventions and collaborative efforts between stakeholders are crucial for enhancing digital inclusion and ensuring equitable access to technology for rural populations. The findings underscore the need for comprehensive strategies that go beyond improving connectivity to foster meaningful digital engagement and utilization.

Today, with the increasing trend of privatization of public spaces and its control in various ways; Sociability of public space, which is one of the pillars of urban vitality; Has been challenged.On the other hand, lack of attention to the social dimension of vitality is observed in most studies. This study seeks to identify the most important indicators of sociability to achieve vitality in Valiasr St., Tehran from the perspective of experts and street users.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between the two concepts of sociability and vitality in Valiasr Street, Tehran to use the results in urban public space planning.

In this regard, a comparative analysis is performed based on the views of experts on Valiasr Street and the users of this street. By adopting a combined approach with a sequential exploratory research design and using three methods of unstructured interview, observation committee and field observation, research data were collected.

A total of 7 main criteria were identified by experts, but 3 of these 7 criteria were not approved by users. The results were then discussed in two areas. First, it was found that, contrary to experts' views, criteria that are more collectivist are less preferred by users. There were also fundamental differences in the views of the two groups. So that the experts had a scientific but idealistic attitude towards the issues and issues of public spaces. While users' point of view is a simple, minimal but realistic view of their preferences and desires from a public space, which is based on their lived experience of public spaces.

Finally, the realization of the sociability of public spaces depended on a series of requirements and underlying conditions that can be sought in the field of macro-political, institutional and social structures.

After the 1970s and World War II, strong reactions began to the overgrowth of cities, these reactions led to the formation of movements such as smart growth, new-urbanism, creation of places, compact city, and so on. On a smaller scale, these movements have proposed some types of development, including support for transportation-oriented development, mixed-use development, and infill development. With the emergence of new ideas, urban growth and development has been intelligently proposed and infill development is a part of it. Especially with the expansion of the concept of sustainable urban development, in which it recommends the effective and sustainable use of development capacities abandoned within urban areas, it has gained special importance. Generally, infill development is a practical solution for preventing the physical expansion of the city in undeveloped lands around the city and the development of vacant and abandoned land within urban areas. Infill development has increased investment in urban revitalization and uses all the existing capacities in the city development and creating mixed uses. But in the cities of Iran, despite the boundless expansion of the city on the horizon and finally destruction of agricultural lands and the emergence of other environmental problems, infill development is less used as a solution to reduce urban development problems and it needs more researches. In this research, we discuss the infill development capacity of residential development in Shariati neighborhood of Tabriz metropolis as an old and dilapidated neighborhood in order to answer the question of whether these old neighborhoods have the capacity for infill development? If there is the development capacity in these neighborhoods, how much is it? Therefore, the present article seeks to measure the capacity of residential development with an infill development approach in Shariati neighborhood to be a step towards sustainable development in this neighborhood.

According to the research objectives and components, the research method is analytical-descriptive. The required data and information for the research have been obtained and processed through library and field studies. First, the required information is prepared from various documents and field surveys and then based on them, maps were prepared related to each index through ArcGIS software. Then, the weights are indexed using the combined method (AHP-Fuzzy TOPSIS), Finally, through ArcGIS software, the combination of raster maps is done based on the used method.

The used indicators in this research are: Empty and barren lands, quality of buildings, impermeability, fineness of parts, number of buildings floors, relative value of land and type of building materials (building skeleton). The first used criterion, is the amount of empty and barren lands. This criterion is considered because it is closer to scalability than other factors. Another indicator in infill development, is the study of building quality. In the building quality index, buildings are classified into four, new, usable, renovated and destroyed groups. In the study area about 8.39% are destroyed ones, 52.30% are usable ones, 30.68% are renovated ones and 8.63% are new ones. The next studied indicator in this research, is accessibility and permeability. To examine this index, neighborhoods are classified into four groups according to access to the thoroughfares which the results show 26.43% of parts with high impermeability, 12.56 medium impermeability, 15.58 low impermeability and 44.43 very low impermeability. According to the obtained result, the studied neighborhood has a great potential for infill development. Another studied indicator, is the floors of buildings.  In the studied neighborhood of all floors, 79.13% are 2 floors and less, 16.38% of them are 3 and 4 floors, 3.20% are 5 and 6 floors and 1.29% has been built above 6 floors. The latest studied indicators are the used materials (building skeletons) in buildings. In order to analyze the development capacity of the building skeleton index, buildings with reinforced concrete materials in the low development capacity class, steel structures in the medium development capacity class, composites materials such as raw clay, brick and wood, etc. are in the category of high development capacity.

The results of the research show that the capacity for residential infill development in Shariati neighborhood has been very high. According to the obtained results in the GIS environment, 34.04% of the neighborhood area has very high potential, 37.42% has high potential, 23.37% has medium potential, and 5.7% has low potential. These results mean that Shariati neighborhood has full potential for revitalization and redevelopment to increase the capacity of residential land use. Based on the results, it can be said that the studied neighborhood, which is now one of the most dilapidated neighborhoods of Tabriz metropolis, needs an urgent need for planning in order to improve and renovate. The use of infill development strategy with smart growth approach can be one of the most important scenarios for urban planners. Considering the two groups of very high and high scalability, it can be said that more than half of the total area of ​​the studied area, is prone to infill development, which is necessary to develop appropriate planning based on the principles of smart growth.

These days, Urban streets are facing with many challenges and issues that have diverted them from their social functions and made them a mere place to pass. Attention to the concept of urban vitality and its related components, is one of the solutions that can help urban streets to overcome the existing challenges. Vitality is the quality of life; But in a way that is perceived and experienced by people in space. According to this key definition, one way to engage citizens to create lively public spaces is evaluation of their perceptions and preferences that are effective criteria on the urban vitality, which has been considered in the present research by studying three scenes from Valiasr Street in Tehran. Valiasr Street, as the longest street in Tehran, connects the north and south of the geography, as well as the north and south floors of the city. For this reason, it has multiple identities that make it suitable for such studies.

In this study, the combined research method was used based on the "sequential explanation" scheme, and three groups of citizens related to Valiasr Street, including "passing users", "informed citizens" and "shopkeepers" were selected for sampling. The sample size of the first to third groups was determined to be 180 people (60 people from each sequence), 15 people and 10 people, and the sampling was implemented based on "available random" and "targeted" methods. Also, data collection was performed by using of a questionnaire, field observation and semi-structured interview forms. Questions of the questionnaire form were obtained based on the criteria collected from the theoretical literature of vitality in the form of seven key components and 65 questions. The main components included learning, socialization, comfort, security, usability, accessibility, and sense of place. A number of open-ended questions were also asked of the respondents in each of the seven components as qualitative complementary questions, in line with the questionnaire ones. The main theme of all the questions was to evaluate the preferences of the citizens regarding each of the factors affecting the vitality of Valiasr Street.

As results indicated, in the view point of Valiasr Street users, the most important variables affecting the vitality of it, are often non-physical ones that the presence of women in the street space, the possibility of walking, the priority of pedestrian, diversity in clothing and behavior and finally existence of security have more considerable than other criteria. Then, for each of the seven components of vitality, a conceptual pattern was identified. These conceptual patterns mean that users of Valiasr Street prefer certain elements of vitality to improve the quality of space on this street, which is consistent with the lifestyle, norms, culture and social structure of Tehran and thus they determine how citizens use the public spaces of it. These characteristics include: youthfulness, individualism, support for women's presence, support for "homogeneous" spaces  (socially homogeneous) but "diverse" (in terms of type of activity), lack of connection with strangers, lack of Tolerance of different social groups such as minorities, the importance of mixed business land uses, great attention to social and psychological security, the importance of accessibility of pedestrian, attention to the pleasure of space and nostalgia and finally connection with the past. Another part of the findings of the study showed that the spatial differences between the northern and southern parts of Valiasr Street can be explained in relation to the socio-economic base of different classes. In fact, the spatial differences resulting from the social and economic base of different classes of people affect their preferences from the criteria of the vitality of Valiasr Street.

The result of the research was that vitality is the outcome of a complex interaction between economic, social, cultural, environmental, sensory and psychological factors and structures. Therefore, reducing the level of vitality to merely physical and environmental design factors, as is common in many domestic studies, not only counteracts planning to improve the quality of public spaces, but also promotes the same kind of planning, regardless of sociological characteristics., norms and patterns of behavior of different urban communities. Finally, considering all the findings and consequences of the study, it can be acknowledged that the process of planning for public spaces with a vitality approach, in a multi-class city such as Tehran, will only achieve the desired result if it considers two basic conditions: The first is to pay attention to the macro-social, political and cultural structures, and the second is to regard to the interests and preferences of all stakeholders and actors in public spaces.

In recent decades, cities have grown organically and urban areas in a short time have been several times its original size and city development has been the forms of the individual components, without planning, uncoordinated that urban sprawl pattern is the main feature. Urban Smart Growth cities were developed for deal with problems of sprawl. The case study is Maragheh city. The research method is descriptive and analytical. In this paper, the capacity of Maragheh, using the development from within the main principles of smart growth is about the sprawl, is marked. Indexes such as population density, rate of open space, building quality, access and permeability, compressibility, etc. are used. Neighborhoods with using Analytical Hierarchy presses (AHP) to prioritize and ultimately the level was estimated for each of them. Results show that in 1392 the gross population density of 59.3 persons per hectare is which is considered very low density and On the other hand there is a lot of undeveloped land, 333 hectares, Uses of unconventional urban, and the average per capita level of infrastructure per person is 162.3 square meters. With this description, using the principles of smart growth and in particular, the principle of development from within and Suitable density, Building on wasteland and etc., sprawl can be prevented the sprawl.

This paper attempted to analyze indicators of social capital in Maragheh. Neighborhoods were ranked based on factor analysis. First social capital indicators were classified as social security, participation, membership in various institutions, interaction and trust. Then questions were prepared for each of these indicators. The sampling was done by stratified random manner and Cochran formula was used to estimate the sample size which was 382. The applied research method was analytical - descriptive. Earn points for each of the neighborhoods of factor analysis was used. Factor analysis revealed that old and nobel neighborhoods owned high social capital, and the neighborhoods located on the periphery of the city had much less social capital.

This paper attempts to analyze indicators of social capital in the city of Maragheh that On the basis of factor analysis is to rank neighborhoods. First social capital indicators classified that indexes are: social security, participation, membership in various institutions, interaction and trust. The questions were prepared for each of the indicators. The sample is stratified random manner and Cochran is estimated based on the number 382. The research in this paper is analytical - descriptive. Earn points for each of the neighborhoods of factor analysis is used. Factor analysis shows the old neighborhoods and Basalt are a lot of social capital. The neighborhoods are located on the periphery of social capital that is far lower.

The quality of urban life, as the most recent intellectual current, has influencedurban planning. Since the 1970s, the study of social indicators as a field of academic social science has gained acceptance. Some attempts have resulted in the production of regular and special reports. This article aims to assess quality of life in both old and new textures of Maragheh city based on economic factors, social, housing, environmental health, access to services and facilities and the quality of urban public transport. The deployed research methodology is descriptive - analytical. Rudimentary library studies were conducted which were later followed in the field using questionnaire. For analysis and ranking of sites, Entropy and ELECTRE methods were used. Based on surveys conducted more points of access to green space was found to be in the first place. Public transport quality indicators, quality roadway access to the residential units, the quality of streets and alleys in the old context were recognized important and occupying latter positions in the ranking continuum. Based on the results of the ELECTRE techniques, Districts 3-6, 2-6 and 1-6 were located in the best of circumstances and localities studied and districts 2-2, 1-3 and 4-4 were the worst and lowest ranks.