fatemeh vizeshfar

Support for breastfeeding by female nursing students has a beneficial impact during the exclusive breastfeeding. This study was conducted to compare the effect of distance and face-to-face breastfeeding education on female nursing students’ knowledge. This is a quasi-experimental study conducted on 138 female nursing students in their third to eighth semesters at nursing and midwifery school in Shiraz. One hundred and thirty eight students were selected using convenient sampling and divided equally into two experimental groups (face-to-face education with 46 participants and distance education with 46 participants) and one control group (46 participants). Sampling started at the beginning of May 2023 and ended at the end of October 2023. The experimental groups (Groups A and B received face-to-face training and distance education, respectively) received the educational program in three 45-minute sessions over three weeks. Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire and a knowledge questionnaire regarding breastfeeding nutrition at three stages: before, immediately after, and one month after the intervention. The data were entered into SPSS 22 software and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. There was a statistically significant difference in the two interventional groups compared to the control group regarding the mean score of breastfeeding knowledge immediately (P=0.049) and one month (P<0.001) after the intervention. Distance breastfeeding education led to more increase in nursing students’ knowledge one month after the intervention, compared to the face-to-face training. It could provide a suitable method for improving the knowledge of health professionals regarding breastfeeding.

In order to provide services based on societal values and avoid the Shariah and legal consequences of non-compliance with Shariah issues in education and treatment, nursing students should be familiar with the necessary Shariah issues. The present study aimed to assess the effect of mobile-based education of Sharia medical rules on the knowledge and attitude of final-year undergraduate students of Hazrat Fatemeh College of Nursing and Midwifery (PBUH).

This quasi-experimental study was conducted on 54 final-year nursing students in two control and intervention groups. In the intervention group, Sharia issues were taught using a mobile application, and in the intervention group, education was carried out by a training booklet, and the knowledge and attitude questionnaires of the two groups were measured and compared before and two weeks after the intervention.

The finding demonstrated that the mean scores of knowledge and attitude of the intervention group students who received Sharia rulings training through a mobile-based application illustrated a significant change compared to the control group who received the training through a booklet (P<0.05). Although the attitude scores in the control group were also improved, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups.

The results of this study highlighted the positive effect of using a mobile-based application compared to booklet education in improving the knowledge and attitude of students towards Sharia issues related to education and medical services. Considering that one of the available and relatively affordable educational methods is mobile-based education, it seems that the use of this potential platform for proper education can pave the way for scientific and affordable education in terms of health compliance.

Assessment of circulating and scrub skills is an important issue in operating room (OR) programs. However, there is a lack of well‑designed tools that are specifically developed for this purpose. Hence, this study aimed to develop and determine the validity and reliability of a checklist to measure the circulating and scrub skills of OR novices.

This cross‑sectional methodological study was conducted among 124 OR technology students who were selected during three consecutive academic years (2019–2020 to 2021–2022). The developed checklist was evaluated with face validity, content validity (quantitative and qualitative), construct validity (known‑groups validity), criterion‑related validity (concurrent and predictive validities), internal consistency (Kuder–Richardson 20, KR‑20), and inter‑rater reliability (intra‑class correlation coefficient, ICC). Known‑groups validity was evaluated by comparing the difference between the checklist scores of first‑semester and third‑semester students using independent samples t‑test. Additionally, concurrent and predictive validities were evaluated by ICC through measuring the correlation between the total score of checklist and grades of a multiple‑choice test and two clinical apprenticeship courses, respectively. Data were analyzed in the Statistical Package for Social Sciences software.

After reconciling the preliminary checklist in terms of face and content validities, a checklist with 17 sub‑scales and 340 items called “Circulating and Scrub Skills of Operating Room Novices (CSSORN)” was developed. Regarding the known‑groups validity, the third‑semester students had higher scores compared to the first‑semester students (p < 0.001 in most sub‑scales). Besides, the total score of checklist showed a significant correlation with the criteria of concurrent and predictive validities (ICC = 0.64, ICC = 0.72; P < 0.001). The KR‑20 for the entire checklist was 0.90 (range: 0.60–0.93). The ICC for inter‑rater reliability was also 0.96 for the entire checklist (range: 0.76–0.99, P < 0.001 in all sub‑scales).

The CSSORN had appropriate validity and reliability to be used for measuring the circulating and scrub skills of OR novices. To shed light on the findings, further testing of this checklist on larger populations and in different contexts is suggested.

This study aimed to investigate the most common Coronavirus pathogens in humans in the third millennium. In this study, all documents in English on pathogenic coronaviruses were examined from the beginning of 2002 to March 27, 2020. Articles were searched through reliable databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Google scholar, Science Direct, Cochrane library, and BioRxiv using the keywords "COVID-19", "Coronavirus 2019", "SARS-CoV," and" MERS-CoV." In addition, reliable health websites, such as WHO and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), were used to obtain new figures and information on these diseases. A total of 1563 articles and documents were extracted, and after reviewing the full texts of these articles, 100 papers and documents with necessary eligibility were finally selected in the present review study. The outbreak of pathogenic viruses, especially the latest one, i.e., COVID-19, as a severe threat can affect the entire global community, in particular medical staff who are at the forefront of fighting against the virus. It can generally be concluded that coronaviruses have high pathogenesis, with very rapid person-to-person transmission. Since human knowledge is not yet complete about the new type of this virus, i.e., COVID-19, there are no definitive treatments for the virus. Thus, the best and only way to prevent affection from this virus is currently fully implementing health protocols and preventing self-infection and the virus outbreak.

Operating room staff provide specialized care to the patients. Their compliance with the COVID-19 infection prevention and control guidelines can reduce the risk of contracting the disease. The present study aims to assess the compliance of operating room staff with the COVID-19 infection prevention and control guidelines in Iran.

This is a descriptive analytical study with a cross-sectional design that was conducted on 876 operating room staff in 10 cities of Iran in 2021. Sampling was done using a multi-stage cluster method. In the first stage, 10 cities (clusters) were selected. Then, three hospitals accepting patients with COVID-19 in each city were selected by simple random sampling method (using lottery method). The data collection tools were a demographic form and a researcher-made questionnaire assessing the compliance with the COVID-19 infection prevention and control guidelines in the operating rooms, which were completed online by the participants. The collected data were analyzed in SPSS software, version 26 using descriptive (Mean±sd) and inferential (chi-square test) statistics.

The Mean±sd age of the participants was 28.5±5.4 years. The majority of them were female (82.3%) and single (52.6%). The mean score of compliance was 42.29±7.11; 6.5% had low compliance, 59.4% had moderate compliance, and 34.1% had high compliance with the guidelines. The highest level of compliance was in the dimension of personal protective equipment instructions and the lowest level was in the dimension of surgical type instructions. There was a significant correlation between participation in training courses and the level of compliance with the guidelines (P=0.002).

The compliance of the Iranian operating room staff with the COVID-19 infection prevention and control guidelines is at a moderate level. To increase their compliance, it is recommended that hospital managers provide standard protective equipment and hold training courses for improving their knowledge of guidelines.

Breastfeeding training among mothers is necessary to ensure the continuation of this behavior. Given the great benefits of breastfeeding for children and mothers and the effective role of training in this process, studies have emphasized the importance of training, support, and follow-up. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the impact of successful breastfeeding training on the knowledge and planning of pregnant women regarding this behavior in 2018. This quasi-experimental study with a pre-/post-test design was carried out on 30 pregnant women with a gestational age of 32 weeks. At first, two comprehensive health centers were selected by cluster sampling. The dependent variable was successful breastfeeding, while the independent variables were awareness and planning for breastfeeding. The educational content was presented in three 45-minute sessions. Due to the lack of a standard questionnaire, a researcher-made questionnaire was prepared using the relevant references. After all, the data were entered into the SPSS 22 software and were analyzed using paired t-test and ANOVA. The mean score of the mothers’ awareness of successful breastfeeding was increased from 49.97±3. 53 to 63.27±3.72 and that of their planning for successful breastfeeding was increased from 42.78±2.99 to 53.77±3.74; these differences were statistically significant (P<0.001). The results revealed no significant relationships between the mothers’ demographic characteristics and the questionnaire scores. Successful breastfeeding training can improve awareness and planning for breastfeeding, which can lead to the continuation and promotion of this behavior.

Postnatal care plays a great role in the health of mothers and their neonates. This study aimed to evaluate the mothers’ perceptions of the provided postnatal care and the associated factors. In this cross-sectional study, the health centers of Sirik city in Hormozgan province, Iran, were selected using convenience sampling. The study was conducted on 160 mothers who had referred to the selected centers for postnatal care from 7 August 2018 to 2 August 2020 and had given birth to live full-term neonates (>37 weeks of gestation) 40 days to 12 months before sampling. The Mothers’ Perceptions of the Quality of Postnatal care questionnaire was designed by the research team; it included 18 questions about mothers’ perception of care. The collected data were analyzed using the SPSS software, version 21. The mothers’ mean score of perception was 69.84±16.04; most mothers rated the provided postnatal care and their relationship with the personnel as good or excellent. The mean total scores of the mothers’ perceptions were not different based on their satisfaction with postnatal care (P=0.646) and time of the first referral after birth (P=0.251), but they were significantly different according to the number of referrals (P=0.023) and their satisfaction with the health personnel (p <0.001). The study results revealed that mothers had a good perception about postnatal care provided by health center staff. Hence, it is necessary to educate all health staff in this regard to provide high-quality postnatal care to all mothers who refer to these centers.

Optimizing care processes, especially in the emergency trauma departments, is considered an important issue in health care systems. Moreover, exploring strategies with the participation of stakeholders can significantly affect patient outcomes.

This study was conducted to identify, prioritize and optimize care strategies for trauma and emergency patients in Shiraz, in 2019.

Data using semi-structured interviews, Focus Group Discussions, and executive meetings with managers were collected, and the prioritization matrix was used to optimize strategies. Sampling was done purposefully until data saturation. The collected data were analyzed using qualitative inductive content analysis.

26 necessary corrective and preventive strategies were mentioned. After analyzing the data, various strategies such as rectifying managerial issues of the emergency system, specialized trauma nursing care, enhancing trauma emergency response preparedness, and adoption of a team approach were proposed.

The exploration of care strategies using employee participation provides to facilitate the development of care processes, especially in complex spaces such as trauma emergency wards. Therefore, the healthcare authorities such as nurse managers should pay special attention to these strategies. Moreover, nurses should provide more effective care in the trauma emergency departments based on the appropriate and applicable strategies.

Nowadays, one of the most important challenges of the universities and higher education centers is academic dishonesty among students. Academic dishonesty is done through cheating, deception, and plagiarism, which creates serious educational, studious, and social problems for the students and society. The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of virtual and workshop training on the knowledge and attitude of M. S. students in terms of plagiarism.

This research was an applied interventional study of quasi‑experimental type having pretest and posttest and the participants of this study included 90 M. S. nursing students of Medical Science University of Shiraz in the southwestern part of Iran.

The comparison of the three groups indicated that virtual and workshop training, both, developed the knowledge and attitude of students regarding plagiarism; however, the comparison between two methods did not indicate a statistically significant difference.

Both virtual and workshop training methods had an effect on increasing students’ knowledge and attitude. Regarding the positive effect of training academic dishonesty using two workshop and virtual training methods, both can be used as efficient and effective methods in training dimensions depending on the condition and facilities to prevent and reduce plagiarism in students.

Caregiving for trauma patients has many challenges. Inadequate knowledge of these challenges can affect the patients and worsen their conditions.

We aimed to explore the caregivers’ experiences about these challenges and problems of caring for patients with trauma emergencies.

The study adopted a concurrent triangulation mixed-method and was conducted in Shahid Rajaee Hospital, southern Iran, in 2019. Semi-structured interviews, focus groups, observation and ward document assessments were conducted with focusing on the challenges experienced by the caregivers. A checklist was used to assess the performance of caregivers and measure the indices related to the care process. Statistical results and qualitative data on the main categories were compared and integrated for data analysis.

In total,307 codes were extracted by analyzing the content of the interviews and available evidence. The codes were summarized in 20 subcategories, and six main categories were extracted as follows: lack of professional capability, uncoordinated team response, deficits in managerial commitments, inadequate work motivation, complex nature of trauma emergency, and lack of clinical communication. The quantitative results indicated that caregivers’ performance was considerably far from the expected scores and also many indices indicated a waste of time in responding to the patient needs.

Various dimensions of trauma care challenges indicate that professional capability, team coordination and communication, managerial commitments and work motivation considering the complex nature of trauma emergency wards are crucial to enhance patients' access to optimum quality care. Caregivers’ performance and quality of indices also affect the care process. Future studies are required for compiling strategies and protocols for the quality of care for trauma patients.

Peer education is one of the active teaching methods and is rarely used in clinical settings, especially in nursing.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of Peer Assisted Learning (PAL) on learning the principles of vaccination in nursing students.

This quasi-experimental study was performed on 79 (intervention group n=43, control group n=36) nursing students. In the intervention group, seven peer instructors taught the principles of vaccination in two one-hour sessions to other students. The control group received routine education. Data were collected using a questionnaire.

The findings showed that among the students, 43% (n=34) were male and 57% (n=45) were female participants. The difference between the intervention and control groups was significant after the intervention (P<0.001). Besides, the comparison of the average score of the checklist between the two groups showed significant differences (P<0.001).

The results of this study showed the positive impact of PAL on clinical education as well as its reliability and benefits for nursing students.

Osteoporosis is one of the major problems of the healthcare system and is a common debilitating metabolic disease among women. Pender’s health promotion model which is a conceptual framework and describes a wide range of health behavior was selected to assess the behavioral changes in this study. A total of 122 women aged between 30 and 45 were selected to take part in this quasi-experimental study. The samples were split into experimental and control groups using the block randomization method (block size of 4). The educational program, based on Pender’s model, was performed weekly. Pender’s questionnaire on preventive behaviors of osteoporosis was filled out before and two months after interventions by both groups. SPSS software version 18.0 was used for data analysis. In terms of qualitative and quantitative data (demographic characteristics), there was no meaningful difference between the two groups (P > 0.05). The mean difference (MD) in the score of the perceived benefits and barriers, perceived self-efficacy, programming, competing demand, and their commitment to a plan of actions increased in the experimental group after the intervention (P < 0.001). However, there was no significant increase in the mean score of social support in the experimental group after the intervention (P > 0.05). It can be assumed that teaching preventive behaviors of osteoporosis through Pender’s health promotion model was effective. Considering the findings, it is obvious that continuing this program can maintain and consolidate the changes which have been made in behaviors

Each educational program needs to be modified and evaluated over time. Considering the importance of training and the necessity of using effective and multi-dimensional evaluation methods, the aim of this study was to evaluate of health education volunteering program based on "Kirkpatrick Model". This quasi-experimental study was conducted in the second half of 2016 on 30 health volunteers at one of Shiraz's comprehensive health centers, which participated in the training program related to the Antibiotic Resistance Book. The data gathering instrument was a questionnaire. The first part of the demographic characteristics of the samples and the second part of the “Knowledge, Attitude and Practice about Antibiotics Resistance Questionnaire” designed by the Ministry of Health and Medical Education. The questionnaire was first completed as a pretest by the volunteers, then, during three sessions, the educational materials were presented to the volunteers using lectures, with questions and answers and discussions in small groups. Finally, the entire curriculum was evaluated using the "Kirkpatrick's Model". Data was analyzed by SPSS version 22. At the level of a “Kirkpatrick Model ", the majority of volunteers were satisfied with the company at this time (56.8%). At the second level, the knowledge of volunteers increased significantly and the average score of knowledge (3.9 ± 1.02 to +6.6 ± 0.5) increased (P < 1.000), which indicated the effectiveness of the evaluation based on the "Kirkpatrick Model". The volunteers were satisfied with the various aspects of the implementation of the program and the training they received, and their knowledge was increased. Therefore, "Kirkpatrick Model” for evaluating educational programs, is suggested.

Medication errors have serious consequences for patients, their families and care givers. Reduction of these faults by care givers such as nurses can increase the safety of patients. The goal of study was to assess the rate and etiology of medication error in pediatric and medical wards. This cross-sectional-analytic study is done on 101 registered nurses who had the duty of drug administration in medical pediatric and adults’ wards. Data was collected by a questionnaire including demographic information, self report faults, etiology of medication error and researcher observations. The results showed that nurses’ faults in pediatric wards were 51/6% and in adults wards were 47/4%. The most common faults in adults wards were later or sooner drug administration (48/6%), and administration of drugs without prescription and administering wrong drugs were the most common medication errors in pediatric wards (each one 49/2%). According to researchers’ observations, the medication error rate of 57/9% was rated low in adults wards and the rate of 69/4% in pediatric wards was rated moderate. The most frequent medication errors in both adults and pediatric wards were that nurses didn’t explain the reason and type of drug they were going to administer to patients. Independent T-test showed a significant change in faults observations in pediatric wards (p=0.000) and in adults wards (p=0.000). Several studies have shown medication errors all over the world, especially in pediatric wards. However, by designing a suitable report system and use a multi disciplinary approach, we can be reduced the occurrence of medication errors and its negative consequences.Keyword: Etiology,Teaching hospital,Pharmcological error, Medication errors, Nurse.

Excess weight and obesity during pregnancy may be considered as an abnormal situation and can cause obstetric risks for both mother and neonate.. This study was performed with the aim of assessing the effects of mother’s Body Mass Index (BMI) on mother and neonate. This descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study was performed on 272 pregnant women who referred to the health centers of Lar city and were selected by randomized sampling in 11year.Data was collected using a two-part questionnaire by interview. The first part contained demographic questions and the second part had questions on the risk factors related to mothers’ excess weight. Mother’s eight and height was measured at two stages and their BMI was determined at the beginning and the end of pregnancy. Neonates’ weight was determined and recorded after birth in the hospital. Data was analyzed by SPSS version 11 software using descriptive statistical methods and independent t-test. The average of first BMI was 23.4 and the last BMI was 28.3. 74.3% of women had experienced first pregnancy. Neonates’ birth weight reduced with increase in mothers’ BMI (P<0.01). 5.6 %(26) of mothers were overweight at the onset of the study and 35.6 % (105) of them had above normal BMI during pregnancy. Obese women and women with excessive weight gain during pregnancy need special fallow-up and counseling during pregnancy and delivery. Health professionals working with pregnant women should be aware of excess weight problems and give necessary trainings to women.