hossein ebadi

The solar wind acceleration and the coronal heating are two aspects of the solar atmosphere that comprise many physical phenomena. Some features of the solar atmosphere are somehow independent but some seem to be part of a chain reaction. In this study, the interaction of a magnetoacoustic pulse is highlighted with a two dimensional magnetic null point. A simple two dimensional magnetic null-point in the (x, y) plane is subject to a circlular pulse where its initial starting point depends on the solar atmospheric conditions. An analytic relation is presented that governs the density perturbations due to the nearing of the magnetoacoustic pulse. This enables a deeper insight on the effects of the zero and finite plasma-β conditions on the density perturbations. The analytic results are accompanied by numerical plots using the PLUTO code. The results indicate that finite plasma- β conditions decrease the plasma density at the magnetic null-point. This proves adequate for considering atmospheric conditions to prevent inaccurate conclusions regarding the interaction and energy transfer.

In the 21st century, global efforts to mitigate environmental pollutants have focused on fostering a low-carbon economy and advancing energy sources that minimize greenhouse gas emissions and energy consumption. However, numerous challenges persist. Therefore, this research aimed to investigate and analyze the obstacles to sustainable development in the city of Ahvaz within an environmentally non-operating context. This study was applied in its purpose and survey-oriented while being descriptive-analytical in its methodology. Data were gathered through document analysis, library research, and fieldwork (questionnaires and interviews). The statistical population of the study comprised experts in the field of energy in Ahvaz with a sampling method based on stratification. The analysis employed quantitative methods, utilizing the ARAS and VIKOR techniques. The findings revealed that the challenges in developing geothermal, biomass, water, wind, and solar energy were primarily environmental in nature. The VIKOR technique results indicated that solar energy ranked highest in terms of ineffectiveness in addressing energy challenges in Ahvaz with a score of 1 followed by wind energy at 0.758 and water energy at 0.2220. Geothermal energy and biomass ranked lowest, respectively. Furthermore, the integration results demonstrated a varying degree of interdependence between non-factor indicators and energy development challenges contingent upon the type of renewable energy.

In the field of marketing, the most desirable scenario involves the company maintaining an optimal level of market share with an increasing trend over time, as well as preventing any decline or reduction in the market share. Concerning political marketing and elections, there is even more necessary to have such a favorable scenario. Based on the significance of customer retention, this approach maintains that a party can win if it secures the largest market share while minimizing customer attrition. It seems to be an essential approach given the nature of political marketing characterized by the intense competition among political parties, the unavoidable impact of social media, the uncertainty about fulfilling campaign promises, and the risky nature of political transactions (cash vs. credit imbalance) —all of which can contribute to the vulnerability of political marketing, hence a declining trend in the voter turnout. Relationship marketing, as a modern marketing technique, can help political activists to mitigate these challenges, offering effective solutions to minimize campaign costs and increase the likelihood of success in elections. Political relationship marketing has been the subject of inquiry in several studies (e.g., Afjeh’i & Khademi-Garashi, 2016; Talari & Mousavi-Shafaei, 2015). Rizan et al. (2014) delved into the impact of relationship marketing on customer loyalty.A declining trend in the number of electoral votes is one of the challenges faced by political parties in Iran. The issue appears to be rooted in their marketing strategies. In fact, political marketing strategies can potentially present a persuasively alluring image of the candidate’s integrity and virtue while covering up their flaws. Consequently, the politician who has been getting promoted is often perceived as an ideal figure. In most cases, voters may not understand the techniques used in campaigns, succumbing to the persuasive tactics employed by the candidate and thus increasing the likelihood of making a mistake in their choice and experiencing early regret. In fact, insufficient knowledge about the candidate or party contributes to such mistakes on the part of voters. Moreover, the inability to retain voters, driven by factors such as a loss of trust and unfulfilled promises, can result in costly and sometimes irreparable damages to political parties. Considering the drawbacks of short-term marketing in the political arena for those involved and the political parties’ desire for sustained power, relationship marketing seems to be a suitable approach to address the shortcomings without compromising market share, fulfill political parties’ electoral aspirations (e.g., frequent wins), and to ensure that voters get to know candidates and political parties adequately and accurately. In this line, the present research investigates the influential factors in political relationship marketing, addressing the following questions: Can relationship marketing help overcome the challenges in political elections? And what factors are influential in establishing and maintaining the relationship?

There are numerous factors behind party wins in the electoral market. However, according to the theoretical framework of this research, establishing and maintaining a robust relationship between parties and voters, leading to voter loyalty, plays a pivotal role in the electoral success of political parties. Relying on a multi-stage conceptual model, the present study aimed to investigate the connection between relationship marketing and the success of parties in the political market and electoral contests. The study is located within the intersection of political science and marketing management. As an applied research involving field work, it adopted a descriptive–survey, correlation-based approach to investigate the research questions. First, the analysis focused on the effect of relationship marketing variables (i.e., commitment, fulfillment of promises, communication, competence, and trust) on satisfaction. The second step involved examination of the effect of satisfaction on voter loyalty. Finally, the research explored the correlation between loyalty, recommendations to others, and revoting, as influential factors contributing to the success of political parties. In the data analysis, the Pearson coefficient and the correlation coefficient were used to understand the relationships between the research variables.

The research findings indicated a significantly direct correlation between relationship marketing principles and voter satisfaction. The results of regression analysis demonstrated that these principles can predict satisfaction. There was also a significant relationship between satisfaction and loyalty, as well as between loyalty and both revoting and recommendation to others. Finally, a significant relationship was observed between success and revoting and recommendation to others.

The research results confirm that the success of political parties hinges on both retaining existing voters and attracting new ones. This process involves distinct stages: generating satisfaction by applying relationship marketing principles, enhancing and transforming satisfaction into loyalty and fandom through the practical implementation of the principles, adopting fan-driven marketing as a result of the loyalty cultivated, and finally giving recommendations to others. The first and second stages are executed through strategic planning and initiatives of strategists, along with the genuine and reassuring conduct of candidates and party executive agents. The third and fourth stages, on the other hand, rely on the active participation of party loyalists and supporters. Furthermore, two practical methods can be employed to attract new voters: direct and indirect recruitment. In the direct recruitment, the party itself leverages relationship marketing principles to draw in a collective of voters. In contrast, the indirect recruitment is facilitated by party loyalists and supporters—mostly represented by previous voters—and their efforts to embark on fan-driven marketing and give recommendations to other voters.

Today, due to the increasing acceleration in the development of communication technologies and its impact on all aspects of life and the formation of new conditions in the political and social scene all over the world, political marketing has taken on new dimensions and has become much more complicated than before. Due to the extent of these changes, it is necessary to use new generations of political marketing. In the current research, a qualitative study has been conducted in order to present a political marketing model for the country's elections. In this research, the foundation method of Strauss and Corbin's model was used and it was progressed to the satisfaction of the interviewees. A total of 26 in-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted. From the text of the interviews, 2027 open codes and 21 categories were identified. Atlas TI software version 8 was used for coding, and the identification components and conceptual model of the research were drawn. The central phenomenon of the research is "political rationality mediated by reality." "Objectives" and Strategies include: (differentiation and anti-discrimination, sharing awareness and definition of soft norm) and consequences (including: civil awareness, citizenship rights, political and human development, pluralism in power and strengthening democracy).

Considering the reduction of fossil fuels and the increase of carbon dioxide caused by these fuels, the transition to renewable and low-carbon energies is inevitable. In this regard, the high capacity of Ahvaz city in the direction of the development of various types of renewable energy can be achieved, which not only reduces energy consumption and costs, but also leads to a cleaner and more stable environment. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to write a scenario for the development of renewable energies in Ahvaz metropolis. The current research is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of method, survey and descriptive-analytical. The necessary information was collected in the form of documents, library and field (questionnaire and interview). The statistical community of the current research is made up of experts in the fields of city and energy. The sampling method in this research is stratified sampling proportional to the volume. Also, the method of analysis was quantitative, which used scenario writing wizard. The results show that the total score of compatible scenarios or in other words the impact of all scenarios is 126, the results of which show the importance of the scenarios of solar energy development for energy supply, development of solar energy within industries, development of solar panels at the level of offices and organizations. The development of solar panels in residential areas is the most compatible and the scenario of continuing the use of fossil fuels for energy production and the development and establishment of nuclear power plants in the region are the least compatible for the development in the city of Ahvaz.

It is investigated how the plasma evaluates due to the propagation of the nonlinear Alfven wave. Magnetic null points that are detected in the solar corona have 3D structures which are prevalent in the solar atmosphere. In this study, we consider the real 3D structure with a 3D magnetic null point. The shock-capturing Godunovtype PLUTO code is used to solve the resistive magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) set of equations in the context of wave-plasma energy transfer to find out how the plasma evaluates. An initially symmetric Alfv´en pulse at a specific distance from a magnetic null-point is kicked towards the isothermal null-point. Alfven wave propagation around a 3D magnetic null point results in magnetoacoustic waves perturbations which propagate towards the null point and refracts around the null point.It is found that nonlinear Alfven wave propagation around a 3D magnetic null point results in plasma density perturbations due to the compressible magnetoacoustic waves perturbations.

In Islam, no ruling, including Wājib and Ḥarām, is unreasonable, and certainly the ruling on banning music and Ghinā is due to the corruptions in them and what entertains human beings and make them unaware of something and deviate them from religious beliefs is considered Lahw that can also be seen in Ghinā, and religious scholars, citing verses and hadiths on Ghinā , in cases such as: the income of Singing women, who are entered by men and is accompanied by fun and debauchery and false words, buying and selling Ghinā maids and teaching and hearing their voices, a voice and tone of the people of immorality and sin, are forbidden in the Qur'an, prayers and lamentations, etc. And mezmar, drumming, playing oud, tar, daf... are some of the instruments of Ḥarām Ghinā and music, but in Islamic societies, there is a difference of opinion among people regarding the Ḥarām and Ḥalāl music, which raises doubts, because today, instead of paying attention to being Ḥarām or Ḥalāl Ghinā , as a popular job among men and women, is associated with debauchery, men and women are mixed, schools are set up, reproduced and distributed, and new musical instruments are used, so in this background it is necessary to provide solutions by music scholars as well as from a religious perspective by religious authorities and scholars.

Here, the photometric CCD observations in RIAAM observatory and light curve analyses of KIC 12418816 are presented. For comparison, the Kepler long cadence (LC) photometric data was studied. The analyses of the recorded light curve in R-band filter and Kepler LC photometric data were performed by PHOEBE software by using the last version of Wilson-Devinney code. Initially, the search of mass ratio (q=m2/m1) of the binary system was done with finding the minimum chi-square value (cost function χ^2), which takes all sources of noise in to account. By photometric modeling which was obtained from our observations, the mass ratio was calculated as about 0.76. The results were comparable with modeling extracted from Kepler LC data which was obtained about 0.75. Our observations showed that the effective temperature (Teff) for primary and secondary stars were about 4421 and 4412 Kelvin, respectively. The similar results were obtained from Kepler LC data which were about 4463 and 4419 for primary and secondary stars, respectively. Our modeling demonstrated that we can introduce a spotted model with one spot on the primary component.

Vulnerability can be considered as an inherent defect in particular dimensions of the urban environment that is susceptible to damage due to its biological and physical characteristics or design features. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate Ahwaz city structures and fine-tune its vulnerability from a passive defense perspective and to move it towards the future prospects of a safe city. This research is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of descriptive-analytical methodology based on the spatial-model studies approach. The data of this study include 11 educational, fire, administrative, police, power lines, terminals, urban facilities, business centers, roads, urban industries, gas transmission centers and health centers. GIS software was used to analyze the research data. Therefore, distance maps were designed and standardized for measuring the neighboring pattern after identifying the effective layers in the vulnerability and using the Distance tool. The FUZZY OVERLAY tool in ArcGIS software was used for spatial distribution and micro-zoning of Ahwaz vulnerability. The results show that in the section of vulnerability zoning, 29.73% of the city area is completely vulnerable, 29% vulnerable, 21.18% moderate, 13.22% low and 6.85% of the total city area in the state of vulnerability, respectively. There is very little reception.

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Considering the area of crisis management in the textures and inner spaces of cities, especially worn-out textures and unfortunately low-strength materials and incompatibility with the urban transport networkis of great importance in times of crisis such as earthquakes. The main part of worn-out textures is often the primary and historical core of cities; on the one hand for a variety of reasons, includes properties that are regarded as the identity, wealth and heritage of the city and its inhabitants, and on the other, investment in these areas  would be economically viable. However, due to the lack of proper attention of the authorities and the lack of proper planning, these textures are plagued with problems such as reduced livelihoods among residents, social deviations, lack of services and facilities, poor user performance and so on. These problems are associated with physical exhaustion, including low pedestrian width and high maze, large number of buildings lacking provincial systems. The micro-erosion of buildings has increased the vulnerability of the tissues and has doubled the problems and unexpected issues during the unexpected events.
In recent years, disaster reduction agencies have focused much of their efforts on achieving a resilient disaster community in which earthquakes have priority over other disasters due to widespread damage and social anomalies. As societies have resilience to natural disasters, the present study aims at identifying and analyzing the factors affecting urban resilience in times of crisis, identifying the strengths and weaknesses, assessing the opportunities and threats during the hazards, and formulating an appropriate strategy to give resilience to the worn texture of the central core of Ahvaz.
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This study is descriptive-analytical surveys and field studies are used to collect the required data. The statistical population of the study includes experts in the urban planning and architecture of Ahvaz Municipality. Therefore, to come up with a more comprehensive and fact-based view, questionnaires were distributed among the statistical population, and focusing on the experts’ views and opinions the data were collected to indicate the weighting of the indicators. The data were then analyzed using the SWOT model and the weaknesses, strengths, opportunities and threats within the desired range in times of crisis were identified.
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The core resilience of Ahvaz City during the crisis is probably due to the tissue burnout and the presence of valuable historical, cultural and religious artifacts such as the designated Caravanserai, the Mahdian Balcony, the Swan Hotel, the Talibzadeh Mosque and the crossing of the Ahvaz Fault. Lack of attention to the crisis management in this area causes damages to the lower resistance blocks and housing, the damage to historical, cultural and religious monuments and buildings has caused a lot of physical damage to the inhabitants of the tissue in crises such as floods, earthquakes, storms, war. On the other hand, the central core of Ahvaz City, despite its high vulnerability during the crisis, has some potentials as well, such as the existence of railways, subways, taxis and bus stations, hospitals in the vicinity, enhancing relief in the area. The shortage of schools and educational places in the area makes the death toll lower during the crisis. Villas and open spaces can be used in various stages of crisis and relief. The diversity of ethnicities, religions, economic, historical values and the tendency for improvement and modernization in this area increases the officials' motivation to pay more attention to this area in times of crisis.According to the results of this study, the situation of crisis management and the resilience in the core of Ahvaz is in an aggressive-competitive position and in order to become successful we need to use the potentials of the core of Ahvaz and the opportunities effectively.
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The results show that the situation of crisis management and resilience in the central core of Ahvaz is in an aggressive-competitive position. In order to increase resilience in the worn out core tissue of Ahvaz, the following is suggested:
Investigate the zoning of urban housing vulnerabilities, for example, in term of crisis management
Develop comprehensive and coordinated scientific studies to better understand and prioritize the subject and the types of risks facing in the study area
Increase coordination between the responsible organizations and develop programs aimed at enhancing the context and institutional relationships
Proper distribution of large scale business and production centers in relation to adjacent areas to reduce congestion in the study area
Establish a physical, spatial and communication link between the study area and the surrounding area by continuing to integrate the main neighborhoods to provide more effective relief in times of crisis
Finally, develop plans and programs aimed at raising the public awareness of the crisis and the various stages of crisis management

Sustainable development would be a key solution for climate change and renewable energy plays an important role in this policy. Recently, according to increase of CO2 emission and other relevant impacts, solar energy has been gaining more attentions from policy makers. Thus, compound parabolic concentrators collectors are considered as one of the promising applications from solar thermal advantages. Therefore in this study a non-evacuated CPC collector with 2.5 of concentrating ratio and heat transfer oil as the fluid has been provided and tested under different mass flow rates (3 levels). Experimental results indicate that, outlet temperature is within 80-100oC for all conditions. Moreover, it was concluded that heat losses decrease, when oil mass flow rate descends, presumably wind cooling effects is a dominant factor during test periods. Additionally, extracted differential temperature of oil in the collector was correlated with solar radiation and results proved system compatibility with industrial heat demands.

We analyze the time series of Ca ii H-line obtained from Hinode/SOT on the solar limb. The time-distance analysis shows that the axis of spicule undergos quasi- periodic transverse displacement. We determined the period of transverse displacement as  40 _ 150±8 s and the mean amplitude as  0:1 _ 0:5 arc sec. For the oscillation wavelength of   1/0.06 arc sec  11500 km, the estimated kink speed is  13_ 83 km s -1. We obtained the magnetic eld strength in spicules as B0 = 2 _ 12:5±1 G and the energy ux as 7 { 227 Jm -2 s -1.

Nowadays¡ one of the most important challenges that metropolises of Iran are face with is the problem of city’s interior transportation. On the other hand¡ one of the main concerns of urban management in the metropolis of Ahvaz¡ Transportation management. In the same issue¡ provision and development of persistent transportation can be an effective tool in leading city development¡ environment forming and promotion of city living quality. In this study¡ is used of combined approaches SWOT-ANP for determining most appropriate strategy to achieve sustainable civil transportation. Since the SWOT model analysis to internal factors (strengths and weaknesses) and external (opportunities and threats) classification and the results are often incomplete list of internal and external factors¡ so it cannot comprehensively evaluate of strategic decision making process. Therefore¡ in this study¡ in order to eliminate defects SWOT model of ANP technique is used. In fact¡ the network analysis between the strengths¡ weaknesses¡ opportunities and threats establishes a dependency. Present research is applied in terms of goal and is descriptive-analytical in regard of study method and way of implementing. Based on research results¡ the most appropriate strategy for the development of transportation and achieve to sustainable transportation in metropolis Ahvaz¡ the conservative strategy (WO) is weight by 0/498. Addition to Offensive Strategies (SO) 0/469 weights is an alternative strategy.