نشریه چشم انداز شهرهای آینده
سال چهارم شماره 4 (پیاپی 16، زمستان 1402)

The behavior patterns of individuals in contemporary urban spaces are connected with their understanding of the environment, personal motivations, and demands. This paper highlights the relationship between market-places and public behavioral patterns, specifically in 15 Khordad Bazaar and the Iran-Mall, as two prominent markets in Tehran. The article adopts both the survey technique and descriptive-analytical method in order to represent the purpose that has been applied for the study. Data collection is conducted through two questionnaires (35 experts and 250 citizens) employing the Cochran formula and the Likert scale. The data analysis for urban experts, scrutinized based on the factor analysis and regression testing, while the practice conducted for city residents based on two-sample t-test and Pearson with softwares naming Spss, Lisrel. Not to mention that the content questionnaire's validity is established through Cronbach's alpha. The statistical analysis reveals five significant features naming; “Semantics, Behavioral Patterns, Activity and Performance, Physicality, and also Comfort and Convenience” with factor loadings above 0.4, Which verified by the Confirmatory Factor Analysis. The percentage of 61 for variance in the behavioral pattern has been predicted through Adjusted Coefficient of Determination in the Regression Testing process. The study shows that “Semantics” was identified as the most effective factor, with the highest variance modulus (0.779), while Comfort and Convenience represented the lowest influence (0.621). The two-sided t-test highlights significant disparities across the five features. Furthermore, the Pearson analysis reveals that physicality plays a significant role in Iran Mall, while activity and performance are prominent in 15 Khordad Bazaar. In conclusion, a wide range of significant direct influences on the society's behavioral patterns in market places have been found, which hold a straight connection with space quality of public markets, which differs the citizen's environmental perception

Today, public participation has become one of the main tools and a key element in the decision-making process in various urban areas with the aim of improving the lives of citizens. In this regard The purpose of this article is to structurally explain the factors affecting citizen participation in the development of Bojnourd.This research is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of nature, analytical and exploratory. In terms of combined method, documentary and survey methods have been used. In this regard, after holding interviews with 20 experts and experts in the urban area of Bojnourd as the statistical population of the study, 17 drivers were compiled and weighted using the Delphi technique. Structural-interpretive modeling (ISM) was used to analyze the data and finally Mick Mac analysis method (in order to be effective and efficient) was used.: The most important results of the present study show that organizations related to urban affairs should restructure and reform their relations with citizens in line with macro-plans and national development, and delegate executive operations to participatory institutions (NGOs) and implement them. They emphasize and monitor. Urban affairs officials should pay more attention to the issue (citizens' trust in urban affairs officials) in order to promote participation, so considering the many problems in the development of Bojnourd city in the last decade (after upgrading Bojnourd city from city center to provincial center) The first and most basic step to reform past trends and guide management measures is to promote public participation to improve and accelerate the resolution of urban development problems, so it is worthwhile for managers and decision makers, especially in the local decision-making ranks. Pay special attention to them.

Tourism is one of the most dynamic economic sectors in the world, and according to the World Tourism Organization's forecast, in the next few years, the tourism industry will be the largest part of international trade in terms of income. In the meantime, ecotourism is a new approach to tourism in nature, which is more in harmony with the principles of sustainable development and the environmental conditions of the region, and is also an important source of income. On the other hand, in the era of globalization, being on the path towards sustainable development is the most central principle to realize the appropriate and desirable future of the cities and metropolises of the country. In this regard, the present research, by mentioning the question of what are the most important criteria and indicators of sustainable ecotourism development in the era of globalization, using the meta-analysis of 77 related studies, as well as the use of Sandelowski and Barso tables and the Critical Assessment Skills Program (CASP) in It seeks to explain the criteria related to the sustainable development of ecotourism in Iran, and by identifying the criteria and indicators of sustainable ecotourism development in the era of globalization, it is trying to provide a suitable database to the planners so that in the future, the benefits of the ecotourism boom and its benefits, while sustainable use of the country's natural resources and its protection, should be available to the people of Iran. The research results show two main human and environmental dimensions that are directly related to each other; The human dimension includes social-cultural, economic, governance-management, and technology criteria and the environmental dimension includes environmental criteria, which are identified and introduced with 14, 11, 26, 3 and 18 indicators, respectively.

Considering the reduction of fossil fuels and the increase of carbon dioxide caused by these fuels, the transition to renewable and low-carbon energies is inevitable. In this regard, the high capacity of Ahvaz city in the direction of the development of various types of renewable energy can be achieved, which not only reduces energy consumption and costs, but also leads to a cleaner and more stable environment. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to write a scenario for the development of renewable energies in Ahvaz metropolis. The current research is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of method, survey and descriptive-analytical. The necessary information was collected in the form of documents, library and field (questionnaire and interview). The statistical community of the current research is made up of experts in the fields of city and energy. The sampling method in this research is stratified sampling proportional to the volume. Also, the method of analysis was quantitative, which used scenario writing wizard. The results show that the total score of compatible scenarios or in other words the impact of all scenarios is 126, the results of which show the importance of the scenarios of solar energy development for energy supply, development of solar energy within industries, development of solar panels at the level of offices and organizations. The development of solar panels in residential areas is the most compatible and the scenario of continuing the use of fossil fuels for energy production and the development and establishment of nuclear power plants in the region are the least compatible for the development in the city of Ahvaz.

Today, with relative stability and convergence in fertility and mortality rates in different regions and increasing the rate and intensity of migration, migration now plays an important role as a demographic factor in population changes. Kermanshah province, like many other regions of the country, has been exposed to these demographic changes. But what has changed the situation of this province is its migration flows. In the past decades, this province has always faced a large number of immigrants. Therefore, in the present study, using the secondary analysis of the census data of the two decades 2006-2016, an attempt has been made to investigate the impact of migration in this province on its population growth rate. The results indicate that Kermanshah province in this two periods of with a net immigration of -37755 and -34928, was the second largest migrant province in the country. In the period 2011-2016, despite the decrease in the intensity of migration in this province, but a large share of migration has taken place to inter-provincial migration. The provinces of Tehran, Alborz, Hamedan and Markazi have a major role in the net negative migration of this province. Migration in two periods studied, has reduced the annual population growth rate by 0.33 and 0.35 percent, respectively, so that the real population growth rate has decreased from 1.1 to 0.67 in the period 2006-2011 and from 0.45 to 0.10 in the period 2011-2016.