javad khalatbari

Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers in women and has many psychological complications. Therefore, the effectiveness of integrated psychological interventions that can consider the emotional, cognitive, behavioral, and interpersonal dimensions is a practical necessity.

This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of integrating schema therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy on subjective well-being and body image concerns in women with breast cancer.

The present study was applied in terms of purpose and quasi-experimental method in a series of pre-test, post-test, and three-month follow-ups with the control group. The statistical population of the study consisted of all women with breast cancer in Yazd city in 2023. The sample consisted of 30 women with breast cancer who were selected by purposive sampling method and randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups. Two participants in the experimental group shed in the post-test phase and two members of the control group were excluded for a tie (13 in each group). The experimental group was taught the integration of schema therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy in 8 sessions of 1.5 hours. Data were collected using the Subjective Well-Being Questionnaire (Molavi et al., 2009) and the Body Image Concern Inventory (Littleton et al., 2005).

The results showed a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in mental well-being and concern about body image after receiving the integrated therapy sessions(p< 0.05). Furthermore, follow-up findings indicated sustained reductions in concern about body image and increased mental well-being in the experimental group (p< 0.05).

The integration of schema therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy offers a promising intervention for women with breast cancer, targeting cognitive and emotional processes to improve their psychological well-being. However, further research is needed for better conclusions.

 The present study aimed to design an educational package based on Motivational Interviewing, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, and Compassion-Focused Therapy and evaluate its effectiveness on alexithymia and quality of life in patients with Multiple Sclerosis (MS) in Tehran.

 This study employed a quasi-experimental design with a control group and pre-test, post-test, and follow-up assessments. Forty women with MS, who visited the MS Association in Tehran Province from October to February 2021, were selected based on research criteria through purposive sampling and were randomly assigned to two groups (using a random number table). After random assignment, one of the groups was randomly designated as the experimental group, receiving the researcher-developed integrative treatment package, and the other as the control group (n=20). The data collection tools included a demographic information questionnaire, the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (Bagby, Taylor, & Parker, 1994), and the Multiple Sclerosis Quality of Life-54 Instrument (Ware et al., 1988). Data were collected at three stages: baseline, post-intervention, and three-month follow-up. The research hypotheses were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA and Bonferroni post hoc tests.

 The results of this study indicated that the educational package based on Motivational Interviewing, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, and Compassion-Focused Therapy significantly improved alexithymia (F=24.31, P<0.001) and quality of life (F=22.67, P<0.001) in women with MS.

 It can be concluded that the educational package based on Motivational Interviewing, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, and Compassion-Focused Therapy is effective in improving alexithymia and quality of life in women with MS.

This study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of positive psychotherapy on distress tolerance and quality of life of cardiovascular patients. The present study was a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test-post-test design and a control group with a three-month follow-up period. The statistical population of the study included all cardiovascular patients who had been referred to the Bandar-e Mahshahr Heart Hospital in the second half of 2024; 32 patients were randomly assigned to two experimental groups (n=16) and control groups (n=16) after meeting the inclusion criteria. The Distress Tolerance Scale (DTS-15; Simons & Gaher, 2005) and the World Health Organization Quality of Life Scale (WHOQOL; Whoqol Group, 1998) were used to collect data. The treatment program consisted of twelve 60-minute sessions, which were held individually, one session per week, for three months for the intervention group members. Repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to analyze the data. The results showed that there was a significant difference between the groups between pre-test, post-test, and follow-up in distress tolerance and quality of life (p<0.05) and positive psychotherapy had a lasting effect during the follow-up period (p<0.05). Overall, it can be concluded that positive psychotherapy was an effective treatment for improving distress tolerance and quality of life in cardiovascular patients.

This study examines the impact of group emotional schema therapy on resilience and self-efficacy among cancer patients.

The research employed a quasi-experimental design with a pre-test and post-test follow-up alongside a control group. The statistical population comprised all cancer patients visiting Shariati Hospital in Tehran in 2020 (year 1399). Forty volunteer participants who met the inclusion criteria were selected through convenience sampling. After final screening, 20 individuals were randomly assigned to two experimental groups (emotion-focused schema therapy) and one control group. Participants were assessed before and after the intervention using Sherer's General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSE-17) (1982) and the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (2003). The intervention consisted of 12 online group sessions (via Skype), each lasting two and a half hours. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software version 24, employing covariance analysis methods. This study is part of a doctoral thesis in health psychology, approved on 29/09/1399 (IR.IAU.TON.REC.1399.074) at the Islamic Azad University, Tonkabon Branch.

The findings revealed that emotional schema therapy significantly improved resilience and self-efficacy in cancer patients (p < 0.01)..

Emotional schema-based therapy can serve as an effective psychological intervention to enhance resilience and self-efficacy in individuals with cancer.

The purpose of this research was to compare the effectiveness of self-healing training and training based on an emotion-focused therapy on self-blame and trauma of love failure in women and men who experienced infidelity. The present research is applied of a semi-experimental type with a pre-test and post-test design along with a control group. The statistical population of this research was all women and men with the experience of infidelity who referred to the counseling centers of the 1st district of Tehran in 2023-2024, and according to the purpose of the research, there were 45 people among them, i.e. 15 people for each group (emotion-focused therapy, self-healing and control group) were selected through simple randomness sampling method and randomly assigned to three groups. To collect information, Gilbert et al.'s self-blame questionnaires (2004) and Ross' love trauma (1999) were used. The data were analyzed by univariate and multivariate analysis using SPSS21. The results showed that both emotion-focused therapy and self-healing had a significant effect on reducing self-blame and emotional failure scores in the experimental group (P<0.05). However, there was no significant difference between emotion-focused therapy and self-healing training in the degree of influence on the variables of self-blame and emotional failure. Based on the effectiveness of these two treatments on the variables of the research, it can be concluded that both treatments can be used to affect the moderation of self-blame and the impact of emotional failure in people with the experience of infidelity.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is one of the most common neurological diseases in humans, impacting the psychological and social dimensions of affected individuals, including their hope and resilience. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the effectiveness of dialectical behavior therapy on the hope and resilience of patients with multiple sclerosis.

This semi-experimental research used a pretest-posttest design with a control group and a follow-up period. The study population included MS patients residing in Tehran, members of the MS Association of Iran, and patients visiting neurologists' clinics in Tehran during the second half of 2023, all of whom had been diagnosed by neurologists. From eligible individuals, 30 patients were selected through purposive sampling and randomly assigned to two groups (15 in the experimental group and 15 in the control group) using a simple random method (placing even and odd balls in a box). Data collection tools included the Hope Scale by Snyder et al. (1991) and the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (2003). The intervention group participated in twelve 90-minute group sessions over two months, while the control group received routine care. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 22 and repeated measures analysis of variance, with adherence to statistical assumptions.

The findings indicated significant differences in the mean scores of hope and resilience of MS patients in the post-test and follow-up phases compared to the pre-test phase, with these results remaining stable through the follow-up period (P < 0.01). Thus, dialectical behavior therapy improved the hope and resilience of MS patients.

Based on the results of this study, dialectical behavior therapy can be considered an effective therapeutic approach to improving the health and psychological well-being of patients with multiple sclerosis.

 The objective of the present study was to predict marital satisfaction in married women based on cognitive emotion regulation strategies with the mediating role of resilience.

 This descriptive-correlational study employed a structural equation modeling approach. The statistical population included all married women experiencing marital conflict who visited clinics and counseling centers in District 5 of Tehran in 2021. From this population, 250 women were selected using a non-random, convenience sampling method. Data were collected using the Sanaei Marital Conflict Questionnaire (1998), the ENRICH Marital Satisfaction Scale (1981), the Garnefski and Kraaij Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (2006), and the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (2003). The data were analyzed using correlation tests and structural equation modeling.

 The results indicated a positive and significant relationship between cognitive emotion regulation strategies and resilience with marital satisfaction (P < 0.01). The findings supported the mediating role of resilience in the relationship between cognitive emotion regulation strategies and marital satisfaction in married women experiencing marital conflict (P < 0.01). Additionally, the modified model showed a good fit.

 The results demonstrated that resilience and cognitive emotion regulation strategies play an important role in marital satisfaction. It is essential to consider these critical variables in counseling programs for women experiencing marital conflict.

The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of positive therapy and dialectical behavior therapy on the self-knowledge of vulnerable adolescents under the welfare of Tehran. The research method was an experiment with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population included all vulnerable teenagers covered by the welfare department of Tehran in 1400. Using the available sampling method, 60 people were selected and randomly assigned to the intervention groups of positive psychology and dialectical behavior therapy and the control group. The score obtained from Kettle's Self-Knowledge Questionnaire (1998) was included in the initial screening as a pre-test. Then, the intervention of positive psychology and dialectical behavior therapy was presented to the experimental group for 10 sessions of 90 minutes each, and the control group did not receive any intervention. Then all three groups were measured in the post-test. Also, after one month, the follow-up period was carried out by implementing a self-knowledge questionnaire. Data analysis using mixed variance analysis showed that positive treatment and dialectical behavior therapy were effective on the self-knowledge of vulnerable teenagers under the welfare of Tehran city (P<0.001). Also, the effect of positive treatment was greater than dialectical behavior therapy in improving self-knowledge (P<0.001). The results were maintained in the follow-up phase. The results of this research reveal the need to pay special attention to the issues of vulnerable teenagers.

Promoting moral judgment and critical thinking is one of the main goals in the education system; therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of teaching philosophy with native-Iranian stories on studentschr('39') moral judgment and critical thinking.

The quasi-experimental research method was pretest-posttest with a control group. The statistical population included all male and female students of the fourth and fifth grades of elementary school in Chalous in the academic year 2019-2020 who were selected by sampling method available to 30 people and were divided into two groups of 15 experimental and control. They responded to the Ricketts Critical Thinking Scale and the Sinha and Varma Judgment Questionnaire. The experimental group participated in 17 sessions of philosophical training, but the control group was on the waiting list. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software version 22 and multivariate analysis of covariance.

The results showed that there was a difference between the mean scores of moral judgment and critical thinking in the experimental and control groups and the growth rate of moral judgment and critical thinking in the experimental group was higher than the control group (P <0.01).

The philosophy education program with indigenous-Iranian stories had a positive effect on the moral judgment and critical thinking of students.

This study design an indigenous model for Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), then check the effect of this model in PTSD. The qualitative section used of Braun & Clarke (2006) the method of thematic analysis. The quantitative part was experimental pilot pretest-posttest study with control group. Statistical population included all individuals who referred to a Psychological Clinic in the period from September 2018 to Des 2018, which 200 individuals were invited through call. In order to evaluation, both DSM-5 and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (Berislin, Lonner & Thorndike, 1973) were used. Afterward, 28 individuals selected voluntarily and randomly divided into two groups. The experimental group subjected to 8 sessions of 120-minute treatment of indigenous model of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT). To identify the themes of Acceptance & Commitment Therapy and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, were referred to relevant scientific texts and specialists in these fields. After identifying treatment themes, experts in Persian literature were referred to identify existing themes (poems) related to the other themes (treatment themes and PTSD). In order to analyze the data in qualitative section the thematic analysis were used and in the quantitative part Descriptive Statistics & Analysis of Covariance were used. The findings indicated that the indigenous model has effect on PTSD (P<0.5).

inability to adherence treatment is a general and special health problem in the treatment of elderly people with diabetes. therapies Studies have reported on the effect of cognitive behavioral therapy to improvement adherence to treatment, also, motivational interviewing by empowering effect on this behavior. However, compares the effect these in elderly people with diabetes has been overlooked.

the aim of this study to compare the efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy & motivational interviewing on adherence to treatment in elderly people with diabetes living in nursing homes and living at home.

Research method was quasi-experimental with pre-test, post- test with control group. The statistical population consist of all elderly diabetics were living at home and living in nursing homes in Tehran in 1400. Sampling method was Convenience Sampling. 75 people were selected and replaced in 5 groups of 15 people (60 people in 4 experimental groups and 15 people in a control group). Research tools include; The Adherence to treatment questionnaire Seyed Fatemi (1970), cognitive behavioral therapy protocols (Younk et al., 2011) and motivational interview by Miller and Rolink (2019). The data were analyzed using the statistical test of Analysis of covariance with repeated measures and Benferroni test.

The results showed that the two intervention methods of cognitive behavioral therapy and motivational interview had a significant effect on adherence to treatment scores in the post-test. The effect of the group was different according to the measurement time levels. The experimental intervention led to changes in the experimental group, which was 0.47 of the total changes caused by the experimental procedure (p< 0.01). Considering that the average of the motivational interview group was higher than the cognitive behavioral therapy, then motivational interviewing was more effective in increasing the adherence to treatment of elderly people with diabetes living in nursing homes and living at home.

Both cognitive behavioral therapy and motivational interviewing can improve adherence to treatment in nursing home and home-dwelling elderly with diabetes. The mentioned findings can help therapists to choose the type of treatment.

The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of mindfulness based on stress reduction and desensitization with eye movements and reprocessing on self-regulation and post-traumatic stress disorder in students. This research was a quasi-experimental study with pre-test-post-test design and sampling available. The statistical population of this study was the students of the first and second year of high school in Sarpol-e-Zahab city. After completing the Mississippi Citizenship Scale(Mississippi scale for PTSD, keane, Cadell& Taylor,1998) and the Beaufort Self-Regulatory Questionnaire( Bouffard, Boisvert, Vezeau & Larouche ,1995), 45 adolescents were randomly selected and randomly divided into three groups of 15, including two experimental groups and a control group. The first experimental group underwent desensitization with eye movements for 6 sessions of 90 minutes and the second experimental group underwent stress reduction intervention mindfulness intervention for 8 sessions of 2 hours. All three groups were followed up again 60 days later. Data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance and covariance and Scheffe post hoc test. The results showed that both of the above therapies can improve self-regulation and post-traumatic stress disorder in post-test and follow-up(P<0.05).

 Students in every society are an efficient and future-building class, a group that constitutes a significant portion of the planning and budget of each country. Their academic progress is crucial for their future success. The present study aimed to predict academic engagement based on mindfulness and perceived academic motivation with the mediating role of academic burnout and academic self-handicapping among students at Islamic Azad University.

Methods and Materials: 

This research utilized a descriptive-correlational methodology. The statistical population included all students of Islamic Azad University in Tehran who were studying in the academic year 2020-2021. A random sampling method was used to select a sample of 350 students. Data analysis was conducted using structural equation modeling and factor analysis through AMOS software. The instruments used included the Academic Engagement Questionnaire by Reeve (2013), the Freiburg Mindfulness Inventory (FMI-SF), Harter's Standard Perceived Academic Motivation Questionnaire, the Academic Burnout Questionnaire by Pekrun, Goetz, and Perry (2020), and the Academic Self-Handicapping Questionnaire by Jones and Rodault (2020). The factor analysis and Cronbach's alpha results confirmed their validity and reliability.

 The results indicated that academic motivation and mindfulness directly and positively predict academic engagement, while academic self-handicapping and academic burnout directly and negatively predict academic engagement. Additionally, the proposed research model demonstrated good fitness.

 It can be concluded that mindfulness and academic motivation, considering the mediating role of academic burnout and academic self-handicapping, have a significant impact on students' academic engagement.

 Marital conflict is one of the serious problems in couples' interactions, which is considered as the cause of marital infidelity or divorce in many cases. This research was conducted with the aim of comparing the effectiveness of schema therapy and emotion focused therapy on the attitude towards marital infidelity of people with marital conflict.

 The research method was quasi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design with two experimental groups and a control group along with a follow-up test period. From the statistical population of women referring to the clinics of the 1st district of Tehran, 45 people were selected using the available method and replaced in three groups using a random method. Whatley's marital infidelity questionnaire (2006) was used. First, the pre-test of the attitude towards extrapolation was implemented for all three groups, then schema therapy (Yang, 2003) and emotion focused therapy (Greenberg, 2004) were implemented for the experimental groups, but no intervention was applied for the control group; Finally, the post-test and the follow-up test were performed for all three groups.

 The results of the repeated measurement test showed that both schema therapy and emotion focused groups are effective in reducing attitudes towards marital infidelity (f=8.447 and p=0.001). Bonferroni's post hoc test showed that there is no significant difference in the effectiveness of the two schema therapy and emotion focused approaches.

 To improve the attitude towards marital infidelity of people with marital conflict, it is suggested to use both schema therapy and emotion focused interventions.

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a multifaceted mental health condition characterized by intrusive thoughts and repetitive behaviors, with its origins remaining poorly understood. While genetic factors are acknowledged to contribute to its development, the specific molecular mechanisms underlying OCD are still largely unexplored. This study employed a machine learning approach to investigate the role of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) BDNF-AS in relation to the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism and its association with OCD. Our comprehensive analysis of various genomic and transcriptomic datasets revealed a significant upregulation of lncRNA BDNF-AS in OCD patients carrying the BDNF Val66Met variant compared to those who do not possess this genetic variant. Importantly, we observed a dose-dependent relationship between BDNF genotype and BDNF-AS expression, with individuals carrying the Val/Met and Met/Met genotypes exhibiting notably higher levels of expression. These findings suggest a potential connection between the dysregulation of BDNF-AS and the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism in the pathogenesis of OCD. Given that BDNF-AS is known to regulate BDNF expression and signaling—both of which are crucial for neuronal function and synaptic plasticity—disruptions in these pathways may play a significant role in the development of OCD. Identifying this lncRNA-mediated mechanism not only enhances our understanding of OCD's molecular basis but also holds promise for the development of novel biomarkers and targeted therapeutic strategies, paving the way for personalized treatment approaches.

This research was conducted to determine the diagnostic validity of the fifth edition of the Wechsler Intelligence Scales for Children (WISC-V) in students with learning disabilities in Tehran. The methodological approach employed in this study is specifically within the domain of psychometrics, which is a subfield of methodology studies. The statistical population of this study encompassed all elementary school students (from the first to fourth grade) studying in Tehran during the academic year 2018-2019. The sample size involved 400 students with learning disabilities who were chosen through a targeted and accessible sampling method, in addition to an additional 400 students without learning disabilities who were randomly selected in adherence with the study objectives. This study utilized the fifth edition of the Wechsler Intelligence Scales for Children (WISC-V) as the primary measurement tool. The diagnostic validity of the assessment was evaluated through the application of sensitivity coefficient and clarity methodologies. Upon examination, the study concluded that the Vocabulary and Information subtests (from the Verbal Comprehension Index), Arithmetic (from the Fluid Reasoning Scale), Number Span (forward and backward), Picture Span, Letter-Digit Sequencing, and Letter-Number Sequencing (from the Working Memory Scale), as well as Coding, Cancellation (random), and Cancellation (structural) subtests (from the Processing Speed Index) hold diagnostic validity. Therefore, it can be concluded that the fifth edition of the Wechsler Intelligence Scales for Children (WISC-V) possesses diagnostic validity and can effectively distinguish students with learning disabilities from those within the normative range.

People with body deformity disorder suffer from anxiety in different areas of their life due to their perceived defects and they are often attacked by disturbing or unwanted images and thoughts about their physical appearance, and as a result, their quality of life and daily functioning decreases, so the research The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between sexual schemas and body image through the mediation of perfectionism and dysfunctional beliefs in people with body deformities in the beauty clinics of Mazandaran province.

The current research method is correlational and structural equation modeling (SEM). The statistical population of the research was made up of people who referred to the beauty clinics of Mazandaran province (the cities of Amol, Babol, Sari and Qaimshahr). Based on Klein's opinion, the sample size was 330 people selected in a purposeful and random way. The data collection tool was Anderson and Siranoski's gender schema questionnaire, Ten Sooto and Garcia's body image satisfaction questionnaire, Trishort et al.'s perfectionism questionnaire, and Wiseman and Beck's dysfunctional beliefs scale. In this research, SPSS22 and Amose23 software were used to analyze the information obtained from structural regression equation modeling.

The results of the research showed that the lower limit is 0.46 and the upper limit is 0.65 between the two variables of perfectionism and ineffective beliefs as mediating variables between gender schema and body image. The confidence level for this confidence interval is 95. Considering that zero is outside this confidence interval, this relationship is a significant mediator.

considering that the extent to which people pay attention to their appearance largely depends on the schemas related to appearance. These body patterns are used as a cognitive format to evaluate a person's appearance and body image emotions - the body image is the shape that a person has of his body in his mind. When contextual trigger events occur, body image thoughts and emotions trigger adaptive and self-directed activities or coping strategies. Disturbance in these emotional, behavioral and cognitive elements of body image is the core of the pathology of anorexia nervosa, anorexia nervosa and body image disorder.

This study aimed to predict feelings of loneliness based on decision-making styles in couples, mediated by social support.

Methods and Materials: 

The research was correlational in nature. The study population consisted of couples attending counseling centers in District Four of Tehran in 2021. The sample size was determined to be 250 individuals, selected through stratified random sampling. Data collection tools included: the Russell Loneliness Scale (1978), the Scott and Bruce Decision-Making Styles Inventory (1995), and the Zimet et al. Social Support Scale (1988). Statistical methods used descriptive statistics, SPSS software, path analysis, t-tests, Sobel test, and PLS software.

The results indicated that rational and intuitive decision-making styles were positively related to social support, while dependent, spontaneous, and avoidant decision-making styles had an inverse relationship with social support. There was a negative relationship between rational and intuitive decision-making styles and feelings of loneliness, and a direct relationship between dependent, spontaneous, and avoidant decision-making styles and feelings of loneliness.

Decision-making styles were predictors of feelings of loneliness. Additionally, social support played not only a mediating role but also amplified the relationship between decision-making styles and feelings of loneliness.

The family, as the most fundamental cultural and social institution, has the most stable effect on its members, so that people's attitudes, behaviors, beliefs and emotions are deeply influenced by the family context. The bricks of a family are based on the emotional ties and personal trust of each couple, which is not only comfort for the individual, but also for the whole family. The absence of each parent in the family environment due to divorce disturbs its balance, weakens the functions of the family, and reduces social supervision and control. As a result, addiction and delinquency, physical problems, psychological and social disturbances, and disorders of behavior increase in children. Children of divorce face intellectual, emotional, identity and social challenges in groups of friends due to receiving social stigma, which forms the basis for behavioral disorders in them. Therefore, The present study was conducted to develop a psychological capital training package and evaluate its Effectiveness on the alexitimia of the Students Engaged in Divorce with Externalized Behavior Disorder.
 
The research method of the present study was thematic analysis through comparative method in the qualitative part and quasi-experimental with pretest, posttest, control group design and two-month follow-up period in the quantitative part. The statistical population of the present study included the students engaged in divorce with externalized behavior disorder who were studying in the first high school in the academic year 2020–21 in the city of Isfahan. 40 students engaged in divorce with externalized behavior disorder were selected through the purposive sampling method and randomly accommodated into experimental and control groups (each group of 20 students). The experimental group received ten 75-minute sessions of psychological capital training over two and a half months. 3 people from the experimental group and three from the control group quit participating in the study. The applied questionnaires in this study included alexitimia questionnaire (AQ) and children and adolescents behavioral inventory (CABI). The data from the study were analyzed through a mixed ANOVA via SPSS 23 statistical software.
 
The results showed that the psychological empowerment package enjoys suitable content validity from the experts’ viewpoint. Furthermore, this package has had an effect on the alexitimia (f = 17.02, eta = 0.35, p≤0.001) of the students engaged in divorce with externalized behavior disorder. In addition, the results showed that the effect of the psychological empowerment package was stable on the alexitimia of the students engaged in divorce and the externalized behavior disorder of the patients with follow-up stages. After carefully examining the descriptive findings, it was found that the psychological empowerment package reduced the alexitimia of the students engaged in divorce with externalized behavior disorder in the pre-test and post-test stages.
 
According to the findings of the present study, it can be concluded that psychological capital training can be used as an efficient method to decrease alexitimia in the students engaged in divorce with externalized behavior disorder through employing the fundamentals of resilience, optimism, hope and self-efficacy. In addition, it should be said that psychological capital is introduced as a structure beyond social and internal capital and includes your identity in the direction of "what you are" and "what you can be". This process can cause changes in people's emotional processing and reduce their alexitimia.

 This study aimed to predict the tendency towards divorce in couples involved in infidelity based on marital intimacy and satisfaction, mediated by ethical orientation styles.

 The research method was correlational, involving a statistical population of couples seeking counseling in districts one and two of Tehran in 2021. The sample size was 250 individuals of both genders, selected through random quota sampling. Data collection tools included: the Tendency Towards Divorce Scale by Rusbult, Johnson, & Morrow (1986), the Infidelity Scale by Yeni Seri & Kokdemir (2006), the Marital Intimacy Scale by Bagarozzi (2001), the Marital Satisfaction Scale by Enrich (1995), and the Ethical Orientation Styles Scale by Haidt & Graham (2007). Data analysis methods used descriptive statistics, structural equation modeling, and PLS3 SMART software.

 The results indicated that there was a negative relationship between marital intimacy and the tendency towards divorce among couples involved in infidelity. There was also a negative relationship between marital satisfaction and the tendency towards divorce in these couples. Marital intimacy and satisfaction could predict the tendency towards divorce mediated by ethical orientation styles. Additionally, there was a significant positive relationship between marital satisfaction and intimacy with ethical orientation styles, with ethical orientation styles mediating the relationship between these variables and the tendency towards divorce.

 This relationship intensifies when mediated by ethical orientation styles. Thus, with an increase in marital satisfaction, the tendency towards divorce due to infidelity decreases. This justifies the use of interventionist approaches to strengthen marital satisfaction to reduce the tendency towards divorce due to infidelity.

The present study aimed to determine the effectiveness of transdiagnostic treatment based on cognitive behavioral therapy, schema therapy, and meaning therapy on psychological well-being and marital burnoutin women experiencing emotional divorce.

 Methods and Materials:

The method of this study was quasi-experimental, with a pre-test and post-test design witha control group. The study population included all female clients who attended counseling centers in Tehran, diagnosed with conditions of emotional divorce in their marital life in the year 2021. The study sample consisted of 30 women experiencing emotional divorce, who were selected through stratified random sampling and placed into the educational group based on transdiagnostic treatment involving cognitive behavioral therapy, schema therapy, and meaning therapy (15 participants) and the control group (15 participants). The measurement tools used in the research included: the Psychological Well-being Scale by Ryff (1989), Marital BurnoutScale by Pines (1996), Marital Conflict Scale by Barati and Sanaei (1999), and Emotional Divorce Scale by Gottman (2008). Data were analyzed using covariance analysis and SPSS software version 20.

The results indicated that the treatment based on transdiagnostic cognitive therapy, schema therapy, and meaning therapy has an effect on reducing marital burnout(F=109.71, P<0.001) and increasing psychological well-being (F=19.44, P<0.001).

Therefore, it was concluded that transdiagnostic treatment based on cognitive behavioral therapy, schema therapy, and meaning therapy is effective in reducing marital burnoutand increasing psychological well-being.

The present research aimed to determine the effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) on emotional eating behavior, emotion dysregulation, perceived stress, and rumination in women suffering from chronic obesity.

Methods and Materials:

this study was a quasi-experimental design with pre-test, post-test, and follow-up phases, including a control group. The research population consisted of all women suffering from chronic obesity and body mass index, visiting the Kian City Nutrition Counseling Clinic in Tehran between May and July 2022. For forming two groups, 30 women with chronic obesity and body mass index were initially selected through screening, and then randomly divided into 15 patients in the experimental group and 15 in the control group. The ACT treatment program was conducted over 8 sessions of 90 minutes each, based on the protocol by Neff and Germer (2013). The instruments included the Eating Behavior Questionnaire by van Strien et al. (1986), the Emotion dysregulation Questionnaire by Gratz and Roemer (2004), the Perceived Stress Questionnaire by Cohen et al. (1983), and the Rumination Questionnaire by Nolen-Hoeksema and Morrow (1991). Data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA.

The results showed that ACT had a significant effect on improving emotional eating behavior (F=115.83, P<0.001), emotion dysregulation (F=98.10, P<0.001), perceived stress (F=101.53, P<0.001), and rumination (F=74.52, P<0.001) in women with chronic obesity and body mass index (P>0.05).

Therefore, it can be concluded that Acceptance and Commitment Therapy contributes to the improvement of emotional eating behavior, emotion dysregulation, perceived stress, and rumination in women with chronic obesity.

In the framework of the model, this research has investigated boredom based on goal orientation and self-efficacy with the mediation of students' procrastination. The statistical population of this research includes all high school students in Tehran, out of which 490 students were selected by random cluster sampling. To collect the research data, G. Sharp's boredom questionnaires (2021), Oliver and McGregor's achievement goals questionnaire (2001), Mejli et al.'s academic self-efficacy questionnaire (2000) and Sawari academic procrastination questionnaire (2010) were used and the collected data collected was analyzed using the path coefficient and structural equation method using SPSS version 23 and Amos version 24 software. Also, Seville test was used to measure the effect of the mediating variable. The findings showed that the variables of self-efficacy and goal orientation It has a direct, negative and meaningful effect on academic boredom and work procrastination. Also, according to the amount of t, procrastination has a direct, positive and significant effect on boredom. It is worth mentioning that the coefficients were significant for all direct paths. On the other hand, the results of indirect effects showed that each of the variables of goal orientation and self-efficacy with the mediation of procrastination has an indirect, negative and significant effect on boredom. These findings indicate that the structural model of boredom is based on goal orientation and self-efficacy with mediation. Procrastination is a good fit.

The purpose of the present study was to propose a structural model of body image based on gender schemas, personality type, attitude to eating with the mediation of perfectionism in individuals with cultural pathology and body dysmorphic disorder referred to the beauty clinics of Mazandaran province. The statistical population of the research embraced individuals who referred to the beauty clinics of Mazandaran province (Amol, Babol, Sari and Qaimshahr cities). The sample included 330 participants whom were selected through purposive procedure. The method of the current research was correlational of structural equation modeling (SEM) one. Data was collected by implementing Tan Sooto and Garcia's (2002) Body Image Satisfaction Questionnaire, Cyranowski (1994) Sexual Schema Questionnaire, Costa and McCrae's (1996) Personality Type Questionnaire, Mintz et al.'s (2000) Eating Attitude Questionnaire, Terry-Shorte et al. and Perfectionism Questionnaire (1995). To analyze the data structural equation modeling was applied via utilizing SPSS22 and Amose23 software. The results of the research showed that there was a significant relationship between gender schemas and body image in individuals with body dysmorphic disorder with the mediation of perfectionism. The results also indicated that personality type was significantly correlated to body image in participants with body dysmorphic disorder through the mediation of perfectionism. There was also a significant correlation between eating attitude and body image in subjects with body dysmorphic disorder, with the mediation of perfectionism. Finally, the findings revealed that body image was significantly related to all the investigated variables, and in fact, it could be concluded that since the appearance of a person is a part of a person's personality and identity and it appears in cultural and social situations dissatisfaction with it provides a risk factor for many disorders.

The present study aims to done investigate evaluation of the structural model for predicting early maladaptive schemas based on childhood trauma with mediating role of attachment styles in students.

The statistical population of this researcher was all students who were studying in Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University in the academic year of 2020-2021. Aaccording to convenience sampling method, 380 people was selected as samples and they were asked to fill in Young schema questionnaire – short form version 3 (YSQ-S3) of Young and Brown (2005), short form of the childhood trauma questionnaire (the CTQ-SF) of Bernstein and et al (2003) and attachment styles questionnaire (ASQ) of Hazen and Shaver (1987). Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and structural equation modelling with using SPSS-24 and AMOS software was investigated.

The results showed that there is a significant relationship between childhood trauma and attachment styles with early maladaptive schemas (P <0.01). The results also showed that most of the direct paths of this study were significant and the indirect paths of childhood trauma were significant through the mediating role of attachment styles on early maladaptive schemas (RMSEA=0/072, CFI=0/935, AGFI=0/968, IFI=0/911, P-value<0/05).

Proposed model had an acceptable fitness to the data and based on current research can be used to explain the factors affecting early maladaptive schemas and also as a suitable model for designing comprehensive programs to prevent early maladaptive schemas in students.