mohammad esmaeilzadeh

This study compared the efficacy of buccal infiltration anesthesia (BIA) with articaine versus inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) with lidocaine for pulpotomy of primary mandibular second molars under intravenous sedation.  

This split-mouth randomized clinical trial was conducted on 29 uncooperative children (Frankl scores I & II) between 3-6 years with bilateral primary mandibular second molars requiring pulpotomy. After intravenous sedation, one random quadrant received IANB with 2% lidocaine and the respective tooth underwent pulpotomy with mineral trioxide aggregate and subsequent coronal restoration with a stainless-steel crown. The other quadrant received BIA with 4% articaine in the next session for pulpotomy of the respective tooth. The behavior of children was evaluated right after receiving the sedative (T0), during anesthetic injection (T1), during pulp exposure (T2), and in the recovery room (T3) using non-verbal pain scale-revised (NVPS-R). Data were analyzed by one-way and two-way repeated measures ANOVA (alpha=0.05). 

The odds of calmness of children during the entire procedure were 1.7 times higher in BIA than IANB but this difference was not significant (P=0.061). The mean heart rate (HR) of children was generally higher in IANB than BIA (P=0.04 at T1, P<0.001 at T2, and P=0.01 at T3). The effect of time on HR was also significant (P<0.001). Blood oxygen saturation rate (SPO2) was higher in BIA than IANB during the procedure (P<0.001).

BIA with articaine had optimal efficacy comparable to that of IANB with lidocaine for pulpotomy of primary second molars under sedation.

Hyper-immunoglobulin E syndrome (HIES),also known asJob's syndrome, is a rare primary immunodeficiency disorder characterized by a classic triad: elevated immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels, recurrent pneumonia with pneumatocele formation, and recurrent cold skin abscesses.

Case:

A 5-year-old girl was referred to the pediatric dentistrydepartment for tooth decay and multiple dental abscesses. Her medical history revealed elevated serum IgE levels, and she was receiving treatment with warfarin due to a history of jugular vein thrombosis. Clinical examination showed numerous skin abscesses alongside multiple eczemas.Angular cheilitis, de-papillation of the tongue, deep furrows on the tongue, numerous intraoral ulcerated lesions, poor oral hygiene, and gingivitis were seen in the intraoral examination.Due to the systemic conditions and thechild's non-cooperation, treatment under general anesthesia was planned.

Dentists play an essential role in the early diagnosis of HIES and in monitoring their oral health conditions. Timely extraction of over-retained primary teeth can reduce the necessity for complex treatments, thereby facilitating the management of patients with Job's syndrome.

Iran's economy is founded on three main sectors: cooperative, private, and governmental. Various key documents outline objectives for each sector, highlighting certain industries with unique advantages and capacities. These industries not only have strong interconnections with other sectors but also drive demand and contribute to economic growth. This study aims to analyze and present various potential futures for Iran's economy, adopting a holistic and comprehensive perspective. It explores the key factors shaping the economy, including constructive economic drivers, significant uncertainties, and potential future scenarios, considering various influential dimensions. The research employs a qualitative scenario-based approach, structured in eight stages. Data is gathered through interviews, expert panels, and the Delphi survey method, with analysis supported by Mac and Scenario software and a wizard tool. The study identifies primary economic drivers for Iran, including economic growth, oil dependency, the impact of economic sanctions, fundamental challenges, and the level of economic openness. While other factors like high unemployment, a small capital market, rent-seeking, weak infrastructure, and corruption significantly influence the economic landscape, they are not classified as primary drivers in this study. However, these elements will be considered in developing future economic scenarios. Also, in order to prioritize solutions to deal with economic threats, it should be said that using short-term methods in the programs and executive plans of the country's institutions will be the first step to deal with threats. At the same time, planning and using solutions of higher levels, respectively, can move the country step by step in terms of structure and institutions in the direction of resilience, invulnerability and regeneration.

The present investigation was conducted with the objective of exploring the relationship between personality structures, as conceptualized by the neo-approach, and moral development, taking into consideration the mediating role of mind reading.

The research design employed a correlational method. The target population consisted of students enrolled at Farhangian University of Kerman in 2023. A sample size of 350 students was randomly selected using the random sampling technique. The research instruments employed in this study included the NEO-SF questionnaire, Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire and Lotfabadi's Moral Development Scale. Data analysis was performed using SPSS-19 and AMOS software.

The findings derived from path analysis demonstrated that the modified model, after the exclusion of non-significant paths, exhibited a satisfactory fit. Furthermore, the results indicated that the dimensions of mind reading ability significantly mediated the relationship between personality traits and moral development.

Based on the outcomes of this investigation, it is recommended to incorporate the teaching of emotional understanding and mind reading skills as a means of enhancing moral development.

The significance of the application of "Ja'ala" (agency) in Islamic banking is to the extent that it is referred to as the "mother of contracts." The reason for its widespread use lies in the ease of its conditions compared to other contracts, as well as the broad range of transactions it can facilitate. In Islamic banking, people's economic relationships are based on Islamic contracts such as "Ja'ala." Providing banking facilities while adhering to Islamic limits and regulations is obligatory and worthy of attention. This research aims to analyze and clarify the Ja'ala contract in the broader context of Islamic jurisprudence and legal perspectives, addressing existing differences. The nullity of a contract can lead to the dissolution of all its functions and conditions, posing serious challenges in agreements between parties. Through a descriptive-analytical study and using library information and legal examples, this research analyzes the problems that may lead to the dissolution of the Ja'ala contract and provides insights into the possibility of dissolving conditions during the Ja'ala contract. Key terms: Ja'ala, operational commitments in banking, usury, agency, Islamic banking.

cirminl law Falling punishment is one of the institutions of criminal law. Falling punishment means that despite the realization and proof of punishment due to the effects of punishment on the offender is not enforced and overturned. The basis of what is stated in the Holy Qur'an, also according to lexicographers, is the word "tadra" from the root "dara". The word doubt also means supplication or concealment of work and the like. Give the possibility because the rule of limiting suspicion is useful to the public and covers all the stages of the possibility of dissolution and doubt in dissolution and duty to it. It includes the annulment of a crime and punishment in a place where the occurrence of a crime or its attribution to the accused or the responsibility and entitlement of his punishment is a place of doubt. The absolute punishment is removed according to this rule.

Speech anxiety originates from various factors. Two important factors in this field can be emotional balance, social intelligence mediated expectation of outcome and emotional arousal. Therefore, the aim of this study was to model the relationship between emotional balance, social intelligence and speech anxiety through the mediation of outcome expectation and emotional arousal in Farhangian University student teachers.

This was a correlational study of structural equations. The statistical population of the study included all student teachers of Farhangian University of Kerman province in the academic year 1399-1400. 740 people were selected by cluster sampling method and used the scales of speech anxiety Pal (1996), emotional balance Bradborn (1969), social intelligence Silvera at all (2001), outcome expectation Betz & E (1997) and emotional arousal Gross & Jaun (2003). They replied. Pearson correlation test and path analysis were used to analyze the data.

The results showed that the model of explaining emotional balance, social intelligence and speech anxiety through mediation of outcome expectation and emotional arousal in Farhangian University student teachers has an acceptable fit. Emotional balance and social intelligence have a direct effect on speech anxiety, outcome expectation, and emotional arousal. Expectation of outcome plays a mediating role in the relationship between emotional balance and social intelligence with speech anxiety. Emotional arousal also mediates the relationship between emotional balance and social intelligence with speech anxiety.

According to the results, it can be concluded that students' speech anxiety, which is one of the most common social anxietie

The structural distinction of primary teeth compared to the permanent teeth leads to a faster penetration of the caries into the pulp, which makes effective treatment necessary. The aim of this study was to determine the success rate of pulpotomy in primary molar teeth and its effective factors using formocresol by students and residents at the department of pediatric dentistry of Hamedan dental school. In this cross-sectional study, 113 children who previously had pulpotomy by formecresol in their primary molars (30 children by residents and 83 children by the students) were randomly evaluated based on referral time (at least 12 months after treatment) in terms of clinical and radiographic success rates. Data were analyzed by SPSS20 software using Chi-square and descriptive statistics. The success of the pulpotomy of primary molar teeth was 81.7%. The success rates of the general students and residents were 79.3% and 87.3%, respectively. The percentage of successful pulpotomy was significantly higher in general students at Stainless Steel Crown (S.S.C), second molar in maxilla (P<0.05), but did not have a significant relationship with age and sex (P>0.05). The percentage of pulpotomy success performed by residents did not have a significant correlation with gender, age, type of repair, type of teeth and jaws (P>0.05). In general, the percentage of success in S.S.C, the second molar and maxillary jaw was higher. Also, the success rate of pulpotomy by residents was significantly higher than that of general- students (P<0.05). The highest rates of pulpotomy failure were related to internal analysis. Formocresol pulpotomy using S.S.C in the maxillary second molar teeth had higher success rate

Permanent tooth impaction is a relatively common abnormality in which early treatment can prevent from other developmental disorders. Maxillary central impaction can occur because of mesiodens, dilacerations, trauma to deciduous tooth and space deficiency. Prevalence of maxillary central impaction is 0.06%-2.0%. In this retrospective, case-control study, 28 people with impacted maxillary central incisor and 56 as the control group were studied. All participants were 8-12 years old. The data were collected from private offices of orthodontists and special pediatric dentists and Hamadan dental school. The data required were diagnostic models, initial panoramic radiography and initial lateral cephalometry radiography. Data analysis was done by SPSS software using t test and chi-square test. The most common causes of maxillary central impaction were: mesiodens (74.4%), dilacerations (14.3%), space deficiency (10.7%) and cyst (3.6%). 89.3% of cases had unilateral maxillary central impaction and 10.7% had bilateral maxillary central impaction. There was a significant relation between skeletal class II and maxillary central impaction. ANB angle was significantly higher in impaction group than in control group (P<0.05). In most of the patients with maxillary central impaction, ipsilateral canines had upper position compared with the contralateral side (60%). Presence of mesiodens was the most important reason for maxillary central incisor impaction, and class II jaw relation is more common in patients with maxillary central incisor impaction, which higher incidence of vertical disorders can be a bigger challenge in these patients.

Teeth bruxism and clenching are important parafunctional habits that have a high prevalence and can cause serious physical and mental complications. Its etiology, however, remains a challenging issue. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the relationship between occlusal parameters and bruxism in 3- to 6-year-old children. This study was conducted in a 3- to 6-year-old preschool children in Hamadan selected by random sampling. To do this, a questionnaire containing 6 standard and comprehensive questions was completed by parents. According to the data from the questionnaires, the children were divided into bruxers and nonbruxers (control). In the intra-oral clinical examination, the presence of facet, cross bite in the anterior or posterior, excessive overjet, open bite, deep bite and the type of dental occlusion on both sides were recorded. The statistical tests used were Spearman correlation coefficient and chisquared test in SPSS 23. The findings showed that the prevalence of bruxism was 72% in the studied population. The most observable occlusions were flash terminal and mesial step on both sides. There was no significant relationship between bruxism and dental facet and the correlation of age and sex with bruxism was weak. There was no statistically significant relationship between the occlusal parameters, except for overbite, and bruxism. The results showed that among occlusal factors, only normal overbite and openbite were significantly associated with bruxism.

Knowledge about the anatomy and morphology of the root canal system plays an important role in the prognosis of endodontic treatment and its success. Maxillary third molars with two distobuccal canals have been rarely reported. Herein, we report a maxillary third molar with 2 canals in the distobuccal root and describe its successful endodontic treatment. Our patient was a 67-year-old man referred to a private endodontic clinic complaining of pain in his maxillary right third molar tooth. With the diagnosis of irreversible pulpitis, the tooth underwent root canal therapy, during which, after thorough negotiation of orifices, a second distobuccal canal was found. Cleaning and shaping were carried out and root canals were filled. A follow-up was scheduled to ensure a successful endodontic treatment. In this case, we did not use any adjunct diagnostic modality. We only found an additional canal by extending the access cavity and paying attention to landmarks by probing the fissures and grooves between the main orifices. However, it seems that use of new methods can enhance a successful treatment especially in the elderly patients.

The approach of development blocks have a coevolutionary attitude towards development of economic sectors. This analysis, used more particularly in Scandinavian countries, is a good tool for advancing analysis and policymaking on technology and industry development in the middle part of the economy and for explaining the relationships between different sectors and industries.
By understanding these relationships and the mutual long-term impact of the various sectors of the economy, policymakers would be able to identify the impact of strategic decisions in various industries. This, in turn, will lead to improved decision-making. Iran's central position as a bridge between three old and important Continent has caused policymakers to increasingly focus on the transportation industry as a strategic industry in economic and security development. thus, using coevolutionary approach of development blocks, this paper aims ro analyse and explore the impact of the development of transportation industry on the development of other economic sectors.
In doing so, the paper uses national accounts data from 1338 to 1391. In this paper, the authers intend to calculate the amount and coefficient of developmental relationship between these sectors and transportation industry, and using analysis of statistic data from national accounts related to 12 main economic sectors, to design a coevolutionary model of transportation industry with other economic sectors.

This study compared the root canal microbial count of necrotic teeth after irrigation with 6% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) (single session treatment) and two-session root canal treatment with two-week application of calcium hydroxide (CH) mixed with 0.2% chlorhexidine (CHX) as intracanal medicament.
Methods and Materials: In this randomized clinical trial, single-rooted necrotic teeth were divided into two groups. Root canal was irrigated with 2 mL of 6% NaOCl in one group, and a mixture of 0.2% CHX and CH powder as an intracanal medicament for two weeks, in the other group. Root canal samples were obtained before and after the intervention and number of colony forming units (CFUs) was counted in each phase.
The reduction of Enterococcus faecalis CFU was not significantly different between the two groups (P=0.233) but the CFU of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria was significantly lower in CHࡵ group (P Two-week application of CHࡵ caused significant reduced the aerobic, anaerobic and E. faecalis colony counts. Thus, it may be beneficial to carry out primary root canal treatment of necrotic teeth with endodontic lesions in two sessions with intracanal medicaments to achieve predictable results.

Dental carries are the most widespread disease among humans, caused by the bacteria growing in the dental plaque. Streptococcus mutans is known as the main bacteria-inducing dental carries.. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of some commercially available iron supplements on the growth of this bacteria and dental carries.. The antimicrobial effects of six different types of iron supplements were assessed using the well-diffusion method. Furthermore, the effects of these supplements on the beginning and progression of the process of dental carries were investigated. The SPSS software package version 20 was used for statistical tests.. At the concentration of 100%, the highest and the lowest inhibitory effect were for Ferrokids-drops (32 mm) and Irovit (26 mm), respectively. At a concentration of 50%, Vitane (26 mm) supplement and Irovit supplement (21 mm) had the highest and lowest effectiveness, respectively. Moreover, at a concentration of 10%, the highest and the lowest inhibitory effect were for Vitane and Irovit, respectively. The positive control group had the highest number of decayed teeth, while the group that received Vitane iron supplements was the one with the lowest number of decayed teeth. There were no decayed teeth in the negative control group.. In spite of what the parents believe, iron supplements not only do not cause dental carries but also they have preventive and inhibitory effects on them. Furthermore, it is highly recommended that supplements containing both iron and zinc elements should be preferred over supplements containing only iron elements..

Tous gas power plant as an emission source of gas pollutants is located in the northwest of Mashhad City. This power plant is located in the neighborhood of various (linear، point and area) sources of pollution including Tous thermal power plant، Tous industrial town and motor vehicles; hence، it is not possible to determine precisely and accurately the share of these gases emission contribution at this power plant using conventional instruments. Therefore، we used modeling in order to estimate the dispersion of the pollutants emitted from this power plant. we used Screen 3 software using data of exhaust fume concentration، mass emission، chimney features of each unit، meteorology data، and fuel types consumed in order to model dispersion of NOx and SO2 emitted from Tous gas power plant having V94. 2 turbine equipped with DLN torches. Maximum concentration of NOx and SO2 at the distance about 30 km from the power plant was 1. 08 and 3. 69 µg/L respectively. The results of dispersion modeling of pollutants indicated that in most cases emission of air pollutants towards southeast. The NOx and SO2 concentration measured revealed that the concentration of these pollutants is lower than the standards of Clean Air Act.

The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between Strategic Human Resource Management and Companie's Performance. To this end، a descriptive (survey) method was adopted in order to probe the relationship between type of method used in Strategic Human Resource Management and Companie's Performance. More specifically، hang and Chang’s Questionnaires were used in order to study application of Strategic Human Resource Management and Companie's Performance. The participants were selected from among a group of fifty industrial and commercial super companies quoted by Industrial Management Organization. To analyze the data، descriptive and inferential statistics were employed using SPSS Software، version 13. The findings show that: 1- There is a significant relationship between policies of human resources for job compensation and companie's performance. 2- There is a significant relationship between policies of human resources for training human resources development and companie's performance. 3- There is a meaningless relationship between policies of human resources for effective Communication Employee (publication of information) and companie's performance. 4- There is a meaningless relationship between policies of human resources for Equal Opportunity (non-discrimination) and companie's performance. 5- There is a significant relationship between policies of human resources for management development & improvement and companie's performance. 6- There is a meaningless relationship between policies of human resources for Flexible Working Schedule and companie's performance. 7- There is a significant relationship between policies of human resources for staffing and companie's performance.