mohammad yazdani

Many efforts have been made to combine the diverse capabilities of different plant species into a unique plant to increase the quantity and quality of the food product. Accordingly, scientists succeeded in producing triticale as a new pathogen by using a cross between wheat (Triticum spp.) and rye (Secale cereale), which aims to increase the ability of wheat, as one of the most important food sources among grains in the world. It was to withstand harsh environmental conditions such as drought stress. Various studies show that this grain has a high potential to be used as a multipurpose product for direct human use or as a fodder product. Therefore, triticale can be considered a potential product with special genetic conditions, whose yield is still far from its potential. According to scientists of breeding science, creating diversity, whether natural or synthetic, in agricultural products and selecting genotypes with the highest yields and stability in different environments are among the main goals of studies in the field of breeding. It is also reported that the stress tolerance of triticale genotypes is usually higher than wheat genotypes, triticale is less affected by stress conditions, and its yield will be higher than wheat. Resistance to drought stress is a complex process that includes a network of plant responses at the physiological and molecular levels that have not yet been properly discovered and understood. However, creating diversity, selecting genotypes, and studying different traits will help scientists in this direction. In the current study, different triticale genotypes produced by domestic scientists were cultivated and tested under different irrigation conditions to consider the possibility of introducing new cultivars resistant to drought stress and changing environmental conditions. In addition, the relationship between morphological and agronomic traits related to seed yield was evaluated in this research using some advanced statistical methods to find possible traits suitable for indirect selection. The amount of different genetic, phenotypic, and environmental indicators was also investigated to examine the effect of the environment and genetics on the traits.

To reflect the effect of water deficit on triticale and the probability of screening some suitable genotypes tolerant to drought stress, a study was carried out on nine triticale genotypes under four irrigation regimes during two years. These genotypes included Senabad, Pag, Juanillo, ET-85-4, ET-92-15, ET-92-18, ET-83-20, ET-85-17, and ET-83-18. In each year, four different irrigation regimes were applied with interruption of irrigation in three stages, including the flowering stage, the seed milky stage, and the seed pulp stage, along with the control condition. In each year, a split-plot design based on a randomized complete block design with three blocks (replication) was used every two years of the experiment (the growing season 2018-2019) in the research station located in the research complex of the Zarghan Agriculture and Natural Resources Research and Training Center, Fars, Iran. Different traits, including plant height, leaf angle, leaf weight, total dry matter, spike length, spike weight, spike number, grain number, straw yield, harvest index, and grain yield, were measured for all applied genotypes in this study. The data obtained from this experiment were first subjected to the composite analysis of variance, and year variance, environmental variance, genotypic variance, phenotypic variance, and test error variance were estimated based on these calculations. The analysis was performed in SAS-9.4-M6 software using a programming code stored on the GitHub website.

The results showed that a lower number of irrigation and earlier withholding of water from the triticale plants can lead to a high decrease in the productivity of triticale genotypes.  Consequently, irrigation treatments and water availability are significant factors in determining the type of breeding programs. Moreover, some genotypes showed a high potential for being considered for releasing cultivars. ET-83-20 and ET-85-04 showed better performance under normal and severe water deficit, respectively, than the other genotypes. Estimation of genotypic features, such as heritability and coefficient of variation, showed a high possibility and potential of producing cultivars with high productivity under either normal or stressed conditions.

Overall results indicated that high heritability and the significant association with grain yield for some traits, such as spike weight, spike number, and grain number, suggest that they are suitable traits for indirect screening and selection criteria. In addition, higher variation for triticale is required to find genotypes with the best quality and quantity traits to be released as a new and proper cultivar to be cultivated in environments with changing conditions.

To mitigate the input energy of the earthquake, numerous vibration control systems have been broadly proposed. The vibration control system can be categorized as passive, active, semi-active, and hybrid. The metallic dampers as a passive vibration control system because of their simple construction and configuration, low cost, availability, high efficiency, rate-independent, resistance to ambient temperature, and require no external energy, are an appropriate and economical control system in structures to mitigate the input energy of the earthquake. Metallic dampers can control the system and absorb the input energy of the earthquake through a shear, flexural, axial, and torsional capacity of the metal element. Different configurations of the metallic damper have been proposed. One of the energy-absorbing mechanisms of the metallic damper is using axial capacity. This paper proposed a new type of buckling restrained brace. Energy Dissipating elements of this damper withstand applied force through the compressive strength of the core plates in each cycle. The proposed damper consists of four comb-teeth elements instead of one consistent element. Each comb-teeth element with a rectangular section of 20×8 mm consists of three narrow straps with different lengths of 390, 386 and 382 mm to make a jump in the hysteric response curve by making lag in the formation of the buckling mode shapes. These comb-teeth elements were welded to two positions on both sides of the middle plate. The middle plate’s height, width, and thickness are 500, 400 and 30 mm, respectively. The proposed damper carried out the axial load through the displacement of this plate. Twelve restraining elements with a section of 30×20 mm and a length of 830 mm were used to prevent global buckling of each strap of the comb-teeth damper. For this purpose, twelve grooves have been created on the middle plate and the restraining members passed through it. Also, to prevent the residual displacement of the system, six parallel springs with an equivalent stiffness of 2316 N/mm were used as a self-centering system on each side of the middle plate. By applying force to the middle plate, the pre-compressive springs provide self-centering force and bring the middle plate to the initial position. Finally, two end plates as reaction plates with a section of 300×200 mm and a thickness of 20 mm were bolted to the cross-section of the restraining members by using 10 mm high-strength grade 12.9 bolts. The springs are placed inside the pipes and between the middle plate and end plate. Both ends of the springs stay free. Also, to prevent the lateral displacement of the restraining members perpendicular to the length of the straps, 48 batten plates were used. These batten plates were bolted by using 8 mm high-strength grade 12.9 bolts at two positions from each end of the restraining members. The whole length of the proposed damper is 870 mm. The 1000kN-capacity servo-controlled hydraulic jack was used to experimentally determine the hysteretic behavior of the proposed damper. Experimental results indicate that the proposed system experienced the maximum axial load of 348.6 kN and -347.6 kN in the back-and-forth direction of applied load at the same axial displacement of 35 mm. The results show that the damper experienced a residual displacement of 10.9 and -11.4 mm at the end of the test, so using springs eliminates the residual displacement up to 68.8% and 67.4%, respectively. Also, to evaluate the performance of the proposed system, energy absorbing capacity and the equivalent viscous damping coefficient were calculated 35.25 kJ and 46% based on the load-displacement curve, respectively. As expected, the failure modes of the core plates of the proposed damper concentrated on buckling modes in the weak and strong axes. It is worth noting that all the systems exhibited satisfactory performance without any instability during the test.

In contrast to contracts and agreements, unilateral acts have not received much attention from scholars. Dr. Katouzian is among those who have examined and explored the issues related to events in his book "Unilateral Act", which is divided into two sections: general theory and specific act. The unique nature of this work emphasizes the importance of precision. This study focuses on the general theory section of Dr. Katouzian's book and attempts to describe and statistically analyze it using the content analysis method and SPSS software. The book references Imami jurisprudence and French law the most. In this section, 151 issues were examined, with 35.7% of them aligning with the provisions of contracts and agreements. Additionally, over 41% of the problems were found to be based on propositions, with the "definition of Unilateral Act" and "possibility of comparing unilateral act with a contract" accounting for over 20% of the issues. Instead of relying on the Quran and the Sunnah, analogies and induction were used as sources, and the author's primary research and thinking method for these issues was "intellectual necessity."

Horizontal vision is the maximum horizontal distance that a person with the naked eye can clearly detect features on the ground.The location of Khuzestan provinc at the top of the basin of dusty winds known as the north wind, which spread dust from the deserts of Syria and Iraq to southwestern Iran, frequently reduces the horizontal visibility in these areas The aim of the present study is to study the trend of horizontal vision changes using horizontal vision data and mean values of aerosol optical depth. The data used in the present study include daily horizontal vision data of synoptic stations in Khuzestan province in the period 1998 to 2020. Ridit statistical method was used to analyze the horizontal vision data. Horizon of view in the studied stations was grouped into five categories and the frequency of each category was determined and the value of Ridit was calculated for each category. Then the relevant diagrams and maps were drawn. Also, the fluctuations of the average monthly AOD in the statistical period under study in the geographical location of meteorological stations were calculated and their values were extracted. Comparison of the graphs of the studied stations shows that in all stations except Masjed Soleiman station, the horizontal visibility has a decreasing trend.

The high statistics of accidents compared to the population and vehicle ownership index in Iran has put reducing the number of accidents more than ever before on the agenda of road engineers. Speed is one of the most effective factors in causing accidents. One of the physical tools for controlling the speed of vehicles is the use of speed bumps and humps in the streets. This study examines the effect of proper implementation of speed humps on reducing the speed of vehicles, as well as reducing the number of accidents. To this end, the speed of vehicles before and after installing 64 speed humps in areas 2 and 10 of Mashhad was recorded through field research. In addition, the physical specifications of speed bumps, such as width, height, distance from intersections, number of lanes on the streets, and distance from warning signs to speed bumps, were measured. Then, using statistical analyses, the effectiveness of each of these parameters in reducing vehicle speed was evaluated. Furthermore, based on the accident statistics of the targeted streets, data before and after installing speed bumps were analyzed using SPSS software and regression analysis. After conducting the initial analysis, it was found that none of the linear regression models were suitable for predicting the accidents. Therefore, the data were analyzed using a nonlinear multiple regression model (R^2=0.87). The results of the analysis showed that the use of speed bumps can have a significant impact on reducing accidents in streets and intersections, provided that proper safety measures are taken into account in their design and installation. In fact, speed bumps can lead to a reduction of approximately 17% in accidents.

The language of the Qur’ān is highly eloquent and rich in rhetoric. Transferring features of languages from different origins is tricky. Although throughout history, scholars have made significant contributions to understanding Qur’ānic idioms, we still face challenges in conveying their meanings. There are language-specific idioms in Qur’ānic Arabic, reflecting Arab culture and environment. The fact that different cultures conceptualize reality in varying ways causes idioms to be shaped by cultural factors. This is why some translations of Qur’ānic idioms fail to convey their full depth of meaning. This article aims to investigate various interpretations and English translations of the idioms in the selected verses of Surahs Al-Isra and Al-Ma’idah. To this end, the translations of twelve prominent translators were compared. Considering the descriptive nature of the work, the researchers analyzed the methods used by the selected translators. The theoretical framework underpinning this study is the translation methods of Schleiermacher. Furthermore, the translations were analyzed and ranked based on Waddington’s holistic model of translation quality assessment. Analysis reveals a spectrum of translational strategies, defying strict categorization within Schleiermacher’s binary framework of ‘naturalizing’ and ‘alienating’ translation. A significant number of translations exhibit hybrid characteristics, displaying a preponderance towards either naturalization or alienation, yet failing to conform exclusively to either pole.

The extensive training data of ChatGPT has facilitated theorizing in the field of Translation Studies, particularly during the cultural turn. Following this theorizing, a standardization framework was proposed. This study employed a qualitative and interdisciplinary approach, utilizing a descriptive method to interpret the data. The validated questions were based on the works of theorists associated with the cultural turn. Two scholars participated in structured and semi-structured interviews, employing a three-point Likert scale to capture their opinions on the proposed theory. Data analysis focused on the accuracy of ChatGPT-4’s responses in relation to the scholars’ opinions and references. The findings associated with the Likert scale were linked to task-oriented benchmarks, including factual/contextual understanding, coherence, and resolution of ambiguity. The results indicated a 29.3% weakness in ChatGPT-4’s data analysis. The resolution of ambiguity resulted in a total of neutral responses at 44.8%. Scholars unanimously endorsed the cultural interaction theory, demonstrating a 100% capacity for theorizing by ChatGPT-4. In terms of coherence and summarization, the data suggested a stronger correlation with prompt engineering. The potential for theorizing concerning existing theory was found to be 77.7%, while the standard of theorizing by ChatGPT-4 was assessed at 68.9%. Surah Al-Fatiha was selected to exemplify cultural translation according to CIT, illustrating the theory’s effectiveness in translating cultural-ideological texts. A comparison of ChatGPT-4’s translations with those of six Quranic translators underscored its synthesizing abilities, with the incorporation of cultural interaction theory into prompts significantly enhancing its translation skills.

The use of dredged-marine-sand and seawater for concrete production is practically more justified in marine environments due to the primary sources of these materials. Also, it is very crucial to examine the durability parameters of concrete structures in marine environments, especially in tidal conditions, because in these area, consecutive dry/wet cycles, temperature and humidity gradients over time, intensify carbonation and diffusion of conductive ions, therefore physical and chemical deterioration accelerated accordingly. The aim of this research is to investigate the effect of metakaolin, silica fume, and slag on the mechanical properties and microstructure Seawater-seasand concrete in tidal conditions. The results showed that the use of seawater and sand in concrete, due to the presence of chloride ions as well as the filling of voids by ettringite caused by the sulfates attacks, led to the improvement of mechanical properties in the early ages, but after that, a significant drop was occurred. Due to the high source of SiO2 and its high reactivity, silica fume accelerated the consumption of calcium hydroxide, prevented carbonation progress, and formed a dense calcium-silicate-hydrate gel in the microstructure of Seawater-seasand-concrete, and in the presence of magnesium sulfate, better than slag and metakaolin, prevented the formation of ettringite and therefore, propagation of pores and microcracks.

The sweetening unit of the Ilam Gas Refinery plays a major role in providing olefin feed, and at the present time, the provinces of Ilam, Kermanshah, Hamedan, Kurdistan, and Lorestan in Iran are the consumers of the gas produced by this refinery. The gas sweetening unit of the Ilam Gas Refinery has an absorption and distillation column. H2S and CO2 are removed by diethanolamine in the absorption column, and the entrainer is recovered in the distillation column. The concern is the high energy consumption of this process, particularly the distillation column. In this study, a novel method for heat integration of the distillation column of the gas sweetening unit of the Ilam Gas Refinery was used, so that the feed entering the distillation column was splitted into two sections prior to feeding. Afterwards, the bottom section was preheated by the bottom product of column. Preheating the bottom section of feed decreased the reboiler and condenser duties. The results demonstrate that the proposed method decreases the energy consumption by 17%.

Vision usually refers to the horizontal distance at which the contrast between a target and its sky background is equal to the threshold of the human eye. In an atmosphere that is standard and without pollution, visibility often varies in the range of 145-225 kms. However, in polluted places, atmospheric visibility is reduced by air pollutants through the dispersion and absorption of fine particles and gases in the atmosphere. In some highly polluted areas, the horizontal visibility can be as low as one kilometer. Due to the adverse effects of air pollution on human life, horizontal visibility has been one of the main concerns in air pollution and climatology studies. The trend of changes in horizontal vision as well as the effects of air pollution on the vision process has attracted the attention of all researchers. The results of many studies have also shown that horizontal vision has a negative correlation with public health, especially in developing countries. One study also found that horizontal vision was associated with an increase in deaths and cardiovascular disease in Shanghai, China. One of the effective climatic phenomena in horizontal view is dust. This meteorological-environmental phenomenon is called a mass of fine dust particles and sometimes smoke emitted into the atmosphere, which increases aerosols and reduces horizontal visibility. The location of southwestern Iran at the top of the basin of dusty winds known as the north wind, which spread dust from the deserts of Syria and Iraq to southwestern Iran, frequently reduces the horizontal visibility in these areas. The aim of this study is to use horizontal vision data, mean values of aerosol optical depth and atmospheric extinction coefficient to study the trend of horizontal vision changes in southwestern Iran between 2000-2020; Therefore, by reviewing the available resources in this field, it is clear that relatively limited methods have been used to study and analyze the process of horizontal vision, among which Ridit analysis is the most widely used and efficient method in this field.Given the importance of the issue, the need for such a study in this area becomes apparent. The study area is southwestern Iran, which includes the political boundaries of the provinces of Khuzestan, Ilam, Lorestan, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari, Kohkiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad. The highest point of this region with an altitude of 4283 meters is located along the northwest-southeast, which is part of the Zagros folds, while the lowest point with a height of -105 is located in the southwest of this region, which (leads to) stretches the Persian Gulf. Also, the area of the study area is 28199 / 42 square kilometers. The data consists of two different types of climatic data, including observational data from meteorological stations and satellite data. Observational data are daily horizontal data of synoptic stations in Ilam, Khuzestan, Chaharmahal Bakhtiari, Kohgiluyeh, Boyer-Ahmad and Lorestan provinces in the period 1998 to 2020. This information is often reported at three-hour intervals. Ridit statistical technique was used to study the horizontal vision trend. Ridit analysis is a useful statistical technique that is widely used in trend study. Ridit indicates the possibility that observation of vision over a period of time is better than distribution of reference vision. Aerosol optical depth index (AOD) and extinction coefficient were also used. Because the aerosol optical depth (AOD) is one of the important parameters in the study of dust and affects the horizontal viewing process. Also, the amount of optical depth can vary with the density of the number of aerosols and the properties of those particles. First, the frequency value of each horizon floor was determined and then the annual Ridit value was calculated for each of the stations studied and the relevant graphs were drawn. By studying the Ridit diagrams of the studied stations, it is clear that in Masjed-e-Soliman, Aligudarz, Dehloran, Khorramabad and Yasuj horizons, the horizon is increasing. Also, in these stations, the trend line is below the reference line until 2009, but from 2009 to 2020, the trend line is above the reference line. But in Shahrekord, Koohrang, Ilam, Do Gonbadan, Boroujerd, Borujen, Ramhormoz, Omidieh, Dezful, Bandar Mahshahr, Bostan, Ahvaz and Abadan stations, the horizontal visibility is decreasing. While in Ilam stations and two domes, there is no change in horizontal vision in the studied years. AOD diagram of the studied stations shows that in Ahvaz, Abadan, Borujen, Boroujerd, Bostan, Dezful, Do Gonbadan, Ilam, Bandar Mahshahr, Koohrang, Omidieh, Ramhormoz and Shahrekord stations, the amount of aerosols is increasing. Unlike 13 previous stations in Aligudarz, Dehloran, Khorramabad and Masjed Soleiman stations, the amount of aerosol has a decreasing trend. By examining and comparing the blackout coefficient diagrams in the studied stations, it was found that the blackout coefficient values decrease in Masjed Soleiman, Aligudarz, Dehloran, Yasuj and Khorramabad stations. But in the next 13 stations of the study area, the rate of blackout increases. After reviewing and studying the Ridit values, the aerosol optical depth index and calculating the extinction coefficient to determine the condition of the horizon in southwestern Iran Horizon was classified into five quality groups: very good, good, medium, bad and very bad. In this study, the trend of horizon vision changes based on daily horizontal data of 18 synoptic stations in southwestern Iran, the amount of AOD changes based on Modis satellite data and also by calculating the extinction coefficient in the mentioned stations were studied. The results showed that in Masjed-e-Soleiman, Aligudarz, Dehloran, Khorramabad and Yasuj stations, in the studied years, instead of decreasing the horizontal vision, we are facing a situation of improving the horizontal vision. While in Shahrekord, Koohrang, Ilam, Do Gonbadan, Boroujerd, Borujen, Ramhormoz, Omidieh, Dezful, Mahshahr, Bostan, Ahvaz and Abadan stations, the horizontal visibility is decreasing. And in these stations, we are faced with a decrease in horizontal visibility, with the difference that this decrease in Bostan, Bandar Mahshahr, Koohrang, Omidieh and Boroujerd stations has a sharp trend and compared to Ahvaz, Abadan, Borujen, Shahrekord, Ramhormoz and Dezful stations have worse conditions. Also, in Ilam and Do Gonbad stations, no change in the horizontal visibility status was observed in the studied years. AOD study in the studied stations showed that in Ahvaz, Abadan, Borujen, Boroujerd, Bostan, Dezful, Do Gonbadan, Ilam, Bandar Mahshahr, Koohrang, Omidieh, Ramhormoz and Shahrekord stations, the amount of aerosol increases. While in other stations, AOD decreases, which indicates an increase in horizontal visibility in these areas. Also, in Masjed-e-Soliman, Aligudarz, Dehloran, Yasuj and Khorramabad stations, the values of the extinction coefficient are reduced. This indicates that in these areas, the horizontal visibility conditions are better than other stations. But in other stations, the values of the blackout coefficient increase and show that in these areas the horizontal visibility is not in the desired condition; Therefore, it can be concluded that in general, in the southwest of Iran, the horizontal visibility trend is decreasing. It is also suggested that this statistical technique be used in other parts of the country to better determine its efficiency.

In reciting the verses of the Holy Qur’ān, making pauses at appropriate places is one of the important issues of Tajwid, neglecting which can potentially distort the meanings of the verses and reverse their intended purpose. The present study seeks to analyze how translators have dealt with the concept of inappropriate pause by investigating four English translations of the Holy Qur’ān through answering the following questions: Has the concept of inappropriate or impermissible pause been observed in the English translations of the Holy Qur’ān? Is it possible to express the concept of inappropriate pause using English punctuation? If yes, is it possible to achieve a standard to convey the concept of inappropriate pause? If not, how can this gap be filled? Through a comparative analysis of all 68 cases of inappropriate pause in the Holy Qur’ān and their corresponding translations into English, it seems that English lacks equivalent punctuation to convey the concept of inappropriate pause. Based on the obtained results, it can be concluded that colon is the most appropriate punctuation in English to convey the concept of inappropriate pause. However, the findings of this research show that the translators used commas in 43.7% of the verses with impermissible pauses. The authors presented a “standards table” by examining the function of English punctuation marks, and by observing the approach taken by the translators when facing an inappropriate pause, a “descriptive table” was also presented to illustrate these observations. Then, considering the relationship between these two tables, the closest English punctuation mark for conveying the concept of inappropriate pause was introduced.

The global approach in agricultural production is to increase the quantitative and qualitative yield of plants through management methods such as the use of organic fertilizers and reducing the use of chemical fertilizers. This experiment was conducted as a split factorial arrangement with three replications in two folds in Bandarabbas during 2018 and 2019. The main factor included irrigation intervals at three levels (irrigation 80, 60, and 40% of field capacity) and the subfactor was different fertilizer sources at three levels (poultry manure, sheep manure, and chemical fertilizer based on the results of soil and plant test) and different species of Atriplex (A. canascens, A. leucoclada and A. lentiformis). The results showed that increasing drought stress increased ion and malondialdehyde leakage and decreased relative leaf water content and leaf chlorophyll content of Atriplex. In irrigation of 60 and 40% of field capacity, the use of poultry and sheep manures reduced ion and malondialdehyde leakage of leaves. At 40% of field capacity, plant height in poultry and sheep manures increased by 28% and 38% compared to chemical fertilizer. Also, in 40% of field capacity, biological yield in poultry and sheep manures compared to chemical fertilizer showed a 4 and 8% increase. Increasing the total phenol content in sheep manures compared to chemical fertilizer in irrigation was 40% of field capacity. Overall, the results showed that the use of organic fertilizers by improving physiological traits to some extent increased the resistance to drought stress. Also, in drought stress conditions, organic fertilizers were more effective than chemical fertilizers. In general, based on the findings of this research, it can be concluded that the use of organic fertilizers in order to provide all or part of the nutritional needs of Atriplex maintains the optimal yield of Atriplex plants under water stress conditions.

The purpose of the research is to investigate whether the manipulation of operating cash flow has an effect on the sustainability of profit-based growth in financial markets. The statistical population of the research is all the companies admitted to the Tehran Stock Exchange. Also, the time domain includes 10 consecutive years from 1391 to 1400, which research hypotheses will be investigated using the real data of these years and multivariate linear regression and combined data. which was selected after applying the limit of 120 companies. According to the results of the hypothesis test of the operating cash flow manipulation variable, considering that its significance level is less than 5%, which indicates a significant relationship with the sustainability of profit-based growth, so the main hypothesis of the research is confirmed at the 95% confidence level. And since the coefficient of this variable is negative, then manipulation of operating cash flow has an adverse effect on the sustainability of profit-based growth.

The present study centered around the problem of functional equivalence in source-text-target-text pairs. In fact, this study was an attempt to investigate patterns of professional translators’ main approaches to the production of functionally equivalent Qur’ānic translations. The ultimate objective was to investigate the practicality of Reiss’s theoretical functionalist text-oriented model of translation. Hence, five selected English translations were descriptively and linguistically analyzed and compared with their corresponding Qur’ānic surahs. The analysis included content-specific and formal features of the texts to discover common and frequent translation strategies applied in the production of each target text. The descriptive findings were then calculated using frequency and percentage. The findings on the translations of the informative and expressive texts revealed that Reiss’s relevant prediction was right. However, in contrast to Reiss’s view, the operative text was mostly translated literally rather than adaptively by most of the translators.

An interleaved buck converter is presented in this paper that its operation is improved by providing soft switching condition. The proposed converter is included two similar buck converters and just one auxiliary circuit. The auxiliary circuit provides the soft switching condition for both main switches. In addition, soft switching condition is provided for auxiliary switch and diodes. The freewheeling diodes in output are replaced with synchronous switches to reduce the conduction losses in this converter. Simulation results of a 220 W – 100 kHz buck converter are presented to justify the validity of the theoretical analysis after analyzing the proposed converter and its operating modes. Bode diagram is also provided to compare transient responses of the proposed and regular buck converter. Moreover, efficiency curve of the proposed converter are presented for comparison with the same converter in hard switching condition that illustrate improvement of the converter efficiency.

The most important crime against the physical integrity of individuals is premeditated murder, which has different punishments under the laws of different countries. New approaches by the legislator can be seen in the regulations on retaliation in the Penal Code of 1392. It seems eliminating the legislative gaps in the previous regulations is one of these approaches. Hence, there are fewer ambiguities in the new penal code on issues such as the powers of the guardian of the minor, the status of the order to kill another, and the guarantee of the criminal execution of murder victims. Another approach is to protect the public order of society, which she has shown in the form of cases such as protecting all victims of premeditated murder and giving the parents the right to receive blood money without the consent of the killer. In addition, the new legislative view of legitimate defense, as well as the issue of the perpetrator's awareness of the lethality of the act, indicates the deliberate use of the existing capacity of different jurisprudential approaches to resolve legal and judicial problems. In this article, in a descriptive-analytical method and using library tools, the aim is to examine the legislator in setting the rules of retribution, especially in the field of punishment of the parents of the victim, the initial request and issuance of a sentence of retribution in the punishment of Islamic law 1392.

Rice blast disease, which is caused by Pyricularia oryzae, is one of the most important diseases of rice in the world. In this research, out of 150 infected samples collected from rice farms of Guilan province, 20 fungal isolates and 30 bacterial isolates were collected. The isolated bacteria were belonged to Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter sp., Enterobacter cloacaeand Bacillus subtilis. Two methods of dual culture and the production of volatile antifungal metabolites were used in the laboratory in order to study biological control. In the greenhouse trial, rice plants (cv Hashemi) were inoculated with the six bacterial isolates as well as P. oryzaepathogen after 12 days. According to the results of this research, in the dual culture method, P. aeruginosa Y–25–3 with 61.11% and in the volatile metabolite method, B. subtilis W with 60.51% were found to be most effective in suppressing mycelial growth of the pathogenic fungus. All isolates significantly alleviated the severity of the P. oryzae–induced disease in greenhouse, but the most effective was P. aeruginosa, which reduced the disease index by 70.53%. Analysis of variance and comparing the characters average in Duncan test and Least Significant Difference (LSD) and based on a completely randomized design revealed significant differences among the bacteria in terms of mycelial inhibition in the dual culture and volatile metabolite methods. Furthermore, in greenhouse trials there were significant differences in the disease index, plant height and fresh weight among the treatments, whereas the treatments did not exhibit any significant differences in dry weight. Based on the results of biocontrol assays in the laboratory and greenhouse, P. aeruginosa Y–25–3 was recognized as the most effective bacterial isolate in the control of rice blast disease.

Operational risks are due to a wide range of error probabilities and deficiencies in the operations of the firm or financial. These risks are the result of human error, the computer and its programs, the error in decision making and even the losses from the types of embezzlement. It can be said that the implementation of such a mechanism through the identification and management of the major risks associated with the operation of the bank, reducing the risk of creditors and shareholders and consequently increasing the value of the bank. In this study, the identification and evaluation of the operational risk of the information management process, communications and customer service activities of Ansar Bank. The type of research in this study is an applied research. The research method is descriptive-survey. In this study, questionnaires and interviews were used to collect information. The spatial scope of this research includes Ansar Bank Customer Service, located in Tehran. This research was conducted in the 1396. The FMEA method has been used to analyze the risk scenarios and its effects. According to the results of the average RPN identified by Ansar Bank experts, intra-organizational and human resources management factors respectively, have the maximum number of operational risks from the total operational risks identified. The results of this study also confirmed that external factors have the least importance in risk management, Ansar Bank customer service is available.

This study aimed to assess the quality of English translations of Imam Khamenei’s (D. Ẓ. A.) letters addressing the youth in the West based on House’s revised (1997) model of translation quality assessment. Such texts are considered political and/ or religious, and their translations require meticulous quality assessment. Yet, rarely did the researchers find any study addressing this important area of translation. Therefore, the current study, which employed a qualitative type of research, focused on the translation of such type of texts. The assessment revealed dimensional mismatches between the original and the translated versions in the areas of field, tenor, and mode. The findings of the current study can help improve the quality of the translation of the speech.

Prostatic cancer is one of the most common malignancies among males. Perineural invasion (PNI) is a common finding of prostate cancer associated with more aggressive malignancies.

The current study was conducted to assess the association of PNI with serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) and Gleason score.

This analytical cross-sectional study conducted on 354 known cases of prostatic cancer (2015 until 2017). Patients’ last PSA and Gleason score wit h presence/lack of PNI in their prostate biopsies were recorded. The association of PNI with PSA and Gleason score was assessed.

Serum level of PSA and Gleason core were significantly higher in patients with PNI (P< 0.001 for both). Gleason score was independently a predictor of PNI (odds ratio [OR]: 3.05, 95% CI:2.32- 4.001; P=0.001). Serum PSA level of 17 ng/mL had specificity of 90.3% and sensitivity of 42.7% for prediction of PNI.

In this study we found, Gleason score is independently a prognostic factor of PNI among cases undergone prostate biopsy. In addition, serum PSA level of 17 ng/mL was 90.3% specific and 42.7% sensitive for PNI occurrence. However, our findings require further evaluations by larger studies.

One of the common interpretations of Sadra's epistemology is a view that, despite adherence to Sadra's existential look in explaining the truth of knowledge, has a meaningful difference in the other issues and results of the discussion, such as the relation between knowledge and mental existence, the determination of the essential known in the acquired knowledge and other similar issues, with Sadra's explicit opinions. The core of these differences is the belief in the separation and existential otherness between knowledge and mental existence, and from the results of this separation, we can point out that mental existence is in the shadow of knowledge, and the existence of knowledge is essential known, and the mental existence is accidental known. However, we will show in this study that the separation for Sadra is merely conventional, and that knowledge and mental existence from his point of view have an existential unity, and contrary to the above interpretation, this is the mental existence which is essential known in the acquired knowledge, and it is in the shadow of external beings, not the existence of knowledge.

The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of positive mindfulness training program on stress response and depression symptoms in male adolescents with depression symptoms in Isfahan. The current research was a quasi-experimental design with pre-test, post-test and follow-up and a control group. A total of 40 students were selected from second grade high school male students in Isfahan during the academic year 2016-2017, based on the inclusion criteria and multi-stage cluster sampling procedures. The experimental group received positive mindfulness program for 8 sessions of 90 minutes. Subjects were evaluated by Stress Response Inventory (Kuh Park, Kim & Chow, 2001) and Beck Depression Inventory-Second Edition (Beck, Stear & Brown, 1996). Data were analyzed by repeated measures analysis of variance analysis. The results showed the effect of positive mindfulness training on stress response and depression symptoms in post-test and follow up stages (p <0.01).

Image logs of 14 wells in Rag sefid anticline are showing 6 main fracture sets treanding N45, EW, N35, N100, N150 and N162 respectively. Development of fractures in the eastern part of the Rag sefid anticline, especially in the frontal edge, are in effect of the propagation fault related folding so that the most open longitudinal and cross axial fractures show N100 and N10 trends. Due to fold axis rotation 30 degrees to the north In the western part of the anticline the orientation of the fractures have changed and major fractures are longitudinal type and have N160 trend. In the middle and curved part of anticline NE-SW trend fracture sets are more developed by reactivation of hendijan basement fault. Convergence of stress axises as a result of the fault triple interaction In effect of Rag sefid thrust dipping to the north east and dextral shears dut to reactivation of hendijan and southern part of Izef basement faults caused the Restraining bend and dextral shear zone In the western part of the Rag sefid anticline. Creation of this shear zone caused clockwise rotation of anticline axis, rising more in northen west culmination on asmari top formation than southern east culmination, change in fractures orientation and also development and increase the density of fractures in the curved part of Rag sefid anticline.

The aim of this   study was to determine the effectiveness of hardiness training on the   psychological well-being of multiple sclerosis patients. The research method   was quasi-experimental with control and experimental group and the   statistical population included all patients with multiple sclerosis in Karaj   city in 2017, among which 30 were selected by sampling method and were   randomly assigned to control and experimental groups and answered to Ryff   psychological well-being scale (1989). After 10 hardness training sessions,   the two groups responded to the questionnaire for posttest. The results of   this study showed that psychological hardiness training has a significant   effect on the components of autonomy, environmental mastery, personal growth,   positive relationship with others, purpose in life and self-acceptance. Due   to the high cost of drug treatments for controlling multiple sclerosis   symptoms as well as numerous complications caused by them, the use of   complementary therapies is increasing in these patients. It, therefore, seems   that it would be possible to increase the hardiness training as a   complementary psychological well-being treatment for patients with multiple   sclerosis.

The aim of this study was to use the volume of the graft as an adjunct tool for better decision making. Kidney transplanted patients with acute azotemia and documented volume and finally a biopsy were enrolled in this study . Graft volumes between rejected patients (antibody-mediated rejection {AMR} and cell - mediated rejection {CMR}) and non rejected but azotemic patients were compared. A total of 76 patients were enrolled in this study (45 case and 31 control ). 53.3% of the case group were (AMR) and 46.7% belonged to (CMR). There was no difference between kidney volume according to age or sex. But the case group had a significantly bigger volume than controls (253.09 cm3 and 186.45 cm3; p< 0.001). In addition, there was a significant difference between the volumes of AMR kidneys with CMR and controls (286.24+66.70 , 224.08+76.79 and 186.95+39.92; P=0.003 and p<0.001, respectively), but not between CMR and controls (P=0.067). A cutoff point of 200 cm3 was determined as rejection with sensitivity and specificity of 70% and a cutoff point of 250 cm3 could be used as AMR cut off with sensitivity of 76% and specificity of 70%. There was a significant difference in volume between rejection and control group and between AMR and CMR. So, kidney volume determination is an easy and valuable tool to help the clinician to have a more rapid and better decision making.