mohammadjavad mohammadi

The presence of azo dyes in wastewater has caused serious environmental and health problems that need an urgent solution. Therefore, the key purpose of this work was to assess the efficiency of using Fe3O4/ZnO nanocomposite catalyst for the photodegradation of Ponceau 4R azo dye. For this purpose, The Fe3O4/ZnO catalyst was fabricated and characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX), and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). The optimal conditions, including pH, catalyst concentration, dye concentration, H2O2 concentration, temperature, and UV-C irradiation time, for Ponceau 4R azo dye photodegradation were determined using One Factor at a Time (OFAT) experimental design method. The photocatalytic degradation of Ponceau 4R azo dye followed PFO. In this design, each factor was examined at four levels. The optimal conditions for this process, as shown by the results, were a dye concentration of 15 mm/L, a pH of 6, a catalyst concentration of 25 mm/L, H2O2 concentration of 20 mm/L, and an irradiation time of 80 minutes at 35 °C. The effectiveness of dye degradation was significantly enhanced with the combined use of Fe3O4/ZnO nanocomposite, H2O2, and UV light. The k equal to 0.0643 min−1 appeared as an outcome of the photocatalytic degradation.

The potential association between asthma and various oral and dental conditions such as caries, tooth wear, periodontal diseases, and alterations in the oral mucosa remains a topic of ongoing debate among dental professionals. This study sought to assess the prevalence of hyposalivation and dry mouth in children aged 3 to 12 years with asthma, who were referred to Bu Ali Sina Hospital in Sari in 2023.

This descriptive-analytical epidemiological study was conducted on pediatric asthma patients at Bu Ali Sina Hospital in Sari. Data on each patient’s asthma severity, duration of the condition, and medication usage were collected through questionnaires and interviews with patients’ parents. Unstimulated salivary flow was measured using the gravimetric method. Statistical analyses were performed using Spearman's correlation coefficient, Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis, and Chi-square tests to compare the data, with a significance level set at 0.05.

A total of 66 children (32 boys and 34 girls) participated in this study. Hyposalivation was observed in 33.3% of the children (22 out of 66), while 42.4% (28 out of 66) experienced dry mouth. A statistically significant association was found between gender and hyposalivation, with boys being more affected than girls (P<0.05). Furthermore, dry mouth was notably more prevalent among children with hyposalivation (P<0.001). Children with hyposalivation were approximately 16 times more likely to report dry mouth compared to those without hyposalivation (Odds Ratio=16.35, P=0.001).

This study highlights the higher prevalence of hyposalivation in boys compared to girls, though no significant association was found between gender and presence of dry mouth. A strong, statistically significant link between hyposalivation and dry mouth was confirmed through multiple logistic regression analysis. These findings suggest that children with hyposalivation are at a markedly increased risk of experiencing dry mouth, underscoring the need for early detection and management in pediatric asthma patients.

Luxation (joint dislocation) is one of the common bone injuries. In this type of injury, two bones in the joint area are dislocated and separated from each other. The Islamic Penal Code has stated the luxation blood money in the form of a general rule in article 571. Also, in articles 654 and 657, blood money of dislocation of ribs and clavicle bone has been dealt with. However, none of the three mentioned articles are in accordance with the evidence and foundations of jurisprudence. In jurisprudential texts and the opinions of jurists, there is a difference of opinion regarding this issue. Many jurists have proposed the luxation blood money in the form of two general forms, none of which can be seen in narrative texts. This research was done with the aim of discovering the amount of luxation blood money and evaluating the articles in the Islamic Penal Code, especially articles 571, 654 and 657 of the Islamic Penal Code. In this research, with the analytical and critical method and using library sources, the texts of narrations related to the issue of bone dislocation blood money have been reviewed and then the opinions of Imami jurists have been studied and the sanad and content of the collection of hadiths related to this issue, as well as jurisprudential opinions and proofs, has been evaluated. The findings of this research indicate that the luxation blood money in the narrations is determined in a coordinated and proportionate manner with the fracture blood money, three tenths of the fracture blood money. As a result, it can be claimed that according to the narrative texts, the luxation blood moneyr is generally three tenths of the blood money for bone fracture.

Arsenic (As) is a highly toxic and carcinogenic element. Drinking water and some foods (for example, rice, cereals, or fruit juices) are major sources of arsenic. Chronic arsenic poisoning, or arsenicosis, causes internal disorders, such as liver damage, as well as cancers. The purpose of this review study was to examine the epidemiological literature on the side effects of arsenic on liver cancer. Initially, 112 articles from January 1, 2000, to March 1, 2023, were found in the mentioned databases. Then, by removing duplicate items, 85 articles entered the stage of examining the title of the articles and removing irrelevant items based on the title of the article. After reviewing the full text of 38 articles, 14 articles were included in the study and used to investigate the effect of arsenic in drinking water on liver cancer. Many environmental pollutants, including arsenic, can cause many diseases in the human body. This metal can generally enter all body organs through the blood circulation system and affect them. The results of previous studies have shown that long-term exposure to arsenic causes disruption in normal liver function (hepatomegaly, sclerosis, fibrosis, and cirrhosis). Various mechanisms have been introduced for arsenic carcinogenesis. Among the important mechanisms that cause liver carcinogenesis by arsenic, the following can be mentioned: disturbance of the balance of liver enzymes, damage to the DNA wall, its destruction, inability to repair DNA, inappropriate function of estrogens, and liver apoptosis.

This study aimed to investigate the catch composition, length frequency, fishing effort and distribution of Sepia pharaonis caught by pot in the fishing grounds of Ramin and Konarak (Sistan and Baluchestan Province). During October, November, December, and January 2021, 387 specimens were collected in depths of 20 to 40 meters in Ramin and 368 specimens were collected in Konarak. In the Ramin region, the highest number (129 specimens) and the highest range of length (17.3-40.6cm) and weight (367.3-3847.5g) were observed in January. The highest number of squids caught belonged to the length class of 24.8-27.2cm (54 specimens) and the lowest number belonged to the length class 39.8-42.2cm (2 specimens). In the Konarak region, the highest number was observed in January (113 specimens), and the highest ranges of length (18.2-41.2cm) and weight (426.17-3886.24g) were observed in October. The highest number of caught squid belonged to the length class of 29.3-32cm (49 specimens) and the lowest number belonged to the length class of 39.9-42.4cm (6 specimens). In the Ramin region showed that 14 species were caught in October, 11 species in November, 14 species in December and 16 species in January. Also, in Konarak, 16 species were caught in October, 15 species in November, 13 species in December and 16 species in January. The values of a, b and R2 parameters of length and weight, in the Ramin region, were 0.2085, 2.6422, and 0.9791, respectively. The values of a, b and R2 parameters of length and weight, in Konarak, were 0.17038, 2.6962, and 0.9842 respectively. Comparison of CPUE values showed that the highest values in these two regions were observed in January and the lowest values were observed in October. The results of this study have enhanced comprehension of the population dynamics of Sepia pharaonis in these fishing grounds and provide valuable insights into the ecological conditions of the studied areas.

Today, chronic diseases have spread all over the world. The World Health Organization (WHO) mentions air pollution as the biggest environmental health hazard, attributing 7 million premature deaths every year to this pollution, which includes suspended particles and gases with concentrations that are detrimental to human health. Factors of interest in this field are micrometer diameter particles, tropospheric ozone, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, and carbon monoxide. The purpose of this research is to increase public awareness of air pollution and its side effects on different parts of the digestive system.

A narrative review was done using several databases, including PubMed, Magiran, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Relevant studies published from 1990-2021 were identified.

Globally, ecological studies have demonstrated a relationship between short-term exposure to air pollution and several gastrointestinal diseases.

The results of these studies showed that pollutants have a direct effect on the increased prevalence and number of cases of chronic gastrointestinal diseases. The results of this research can inform policymakers in making comprehensive decisions to solve the problem, individuals who are exposed to pollutants, and the public in raising awareness and promoting the use of protective equipment.

The burden of tobacco smoking is known worldwide. In a high percentage of preventable cancers, respiratory diseases are attributed to smoking. This study aimed to investigate the relationship and the effect of different variables on smoking prevention behaviors among students in southwest Iran in 2022 by the regression analysis.

The current study is a descriptive-analytical study that was conducted in two phases. In the first phase of the study, demographic and contextual information questionnaires, a questionnaire based on the health belief model, and a questionnaire related to smoking prevention behaviors were used to collect data. To this end, 120 students from different undergraduate programs at Payame Noor University in Ahvaz were randomly selected. Data were analyzed by SPSS statistical software version 16 via central indicators, dispersion, and multiple linear regression tests.

The results showed that the perceived barriers dimension (beta = 0.168, P value = 0.038) and action guide (beta = 0.235, P value < 0.001) have a significant effect on prevention behaviors. According to the reported coefficients, a one-unit increase in perceived barriers and action guidelines, 0.168 and 0.235 units, respectively, increased the number of prevention behaviors.

It is possible to exert a positive effect on the prevention of smoking among students by properly educating students’ parents. Paying attention to these recommendations can increase the probability of students’ understanding of the prevention of smoking.

The quality of drinking water includes the microbial, chemical and physical parameters of water, and non-standard values of these parameters cause water pollution. Water improvement has a direct relationship with the reduction of infectious diseases. The aim of this study was to Investigating and determining the critical points Ahvaz drinking water.

This descriptive sectional study was done during 2019 to 2022 (3 years). Tests and monthly reports are based on the methods listed in the method standard were collected directly from distribution network drinking water in Ahvaz drinking water. Statistical analysis, including the one-sample t-test was used to compare the average with the standard level. The significance level was 0.05 used by SPSS version 22 software in all analyses.

result of this study, out of 172 cases, the cause of the crisis is due to broken water pipes, 62 cases are in the west region and 110 cases are in the east region. Based on result, out of 22 cases, the cause of the crisis is due to the lack of sewage overflow in 1 case in the western region and 21 cases in the eastern region. In total, there is a significant difference in the occurrence of crisis causes in the water network between the east and west regions of Ahvaz, and the east region (86.4% of crisis cases) has a higher percentage of crisis causes than the west region of Ahvaz (13.6%). from crisis cases) is included.

In general, the best way to guarantee the quality of drinking water, reduce incidents and record critical cases in the drinking water distribution network is to implement a comprehensive management system with the cooperation of all relevant organizations. The new approach of the World Health Organization (WHO) to achieve this goal is to implement the water safety program.

In recent decades, due to regional developments in the Eurasian and Middle East regions and especially after the Arab Spring in 2010 the interactions between Russia and Turkey have increased. But the relations between the two countries have progressed from extensive cooperation to the border of breaking ties. The main issue in this regard is that the regional level of interactions between the two countries has become more important than any other period, and Turkey has become one of the most important issues of Russia's foreign and security policy. This article answers the question what is Turkey's position in Russia's national security policy? The hypothesis is that Turkey is a potential threat to the national security of the Russian Federation due to its special geopolitical position in the export of Russian energy resources, membership in NATO and influence in the Caucasus region, as well as limiting Russia's regional influence in the Middle East. While Turkey poses a threat, it also has important possibilities and opportunities for Russia as a strategic partner. This issue has guaranteed the continuation of relations between the two countries. To discuss about this hypothesis, the method of qualitative analysis of variables and measuring their logical relationship through data taken from books, articles and reports of reputable research centers, especially in Russia, has been used. The theoretical basis of these discussions is offensive realism, and the achievement of this article is that the correct understanding of Turkey's position in the security policy of Russia has clearly shown the possibilities and limitations of the regional relations between Iran and Russia.

Context: 

A wide range of complications, including chronic respiratory diseases, asthma attacks, cardiovascular diseases (CDs), various cancers (blood, lung, and brain), and even death, can result from air pollution. It is essential to assess the health effects on humans caused by environmental air pollutants and non-communicable diseases (NCDs), including coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The purpose of this review study was to investigate the synergistic effects of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and air pollutants on the risk factors for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), CDs, and respiratory diseases (RDs).

Evidence Acquisition: 

An extensive literature review was conducted. A total of 1 005 articles were retrieved from sources, including Google Scholar, Springer, PubMed, Web of Science, and Springer databases. In the final stage of the literature review, a significant association between mortality related to COVID-19 and air pollution emissions was identified, contributing to the risk factors associated with CDs and RDs.

The result showed that air pollution can have synergistic effects on the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 viruses and has an increasing effect on the incidence of RDs [such as SARS and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)] and CDs. According to the findings, exposure to toxic air pollutants, whether chronic or acute, can have severe effects, including a decrease in airway ciliary function, damage to the mucous membrane, reduced air sac elasticity, decreased lung capacity, and an increased risk of CDs.

COVID-19 and air pollutants pose a serious threat to human and animal health. Epidemiological studies have shown that in addition to environmental conditions, individual sensitivity plays a key role in the development of conditions such as COPD, CDs, RDs, cancer, and mortality.

As the industrial production of Self-Compacting Concrete (SCC) in the form of ready-mixed concrete faces challenges in different weather conditions, it is necessary to consider mixing, transportation, and casting to achieve the desired workability, mechanical, and durability properties. As a result of improper compaction and placement of SCC, a decrease in workability can result in failure to achieve the desired strength and durability. It was found that replacing mixing water with ice with 0, 10, 30 and 60% reduced the temperature of fresh concrete by approximately 1, 3, and 12°C compared to the control mix design after 110 minutes from the start of mixing. The superplasticizer amount and concrete properties were examined. After reducing the temperature of fresh concrete and maintaining its fluidity, the amount of superplasticizer decreased by 62.4%, and the result of its decrease with an increase in the amount of ice, increased the final production cost by 5.4%. In general, reducing the temperature of fresh concrete improved the rheological properties of SCC. When compared to the control mix design, the use of ice did not significantly alter the compressive strength, water absorption, and electrical resistance, except for a 17% increase in water absorption due to replacing 60% of the ice.

Context: 

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are pollutants that are among the most important risk factors for cancer, especially in individuals with underlying diseases. On the other hand, various types of cancers in the vital organs of the body, including the liver, lung, and bladder, and diseases related to the nervous system can be attributed to exposure to this polluting agent. Bladder cancer depends on numerous factors, such as inherited genetic predisposition and external exposure. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are by-products arising from the incomplete combustion of organic matter. They are found in all environments, such as hospitals, industries, and homes.

The purpose of this review study was to investigate the epidemiological literature on the side effects of PAHs on bladder cancer and the risk factors related to cancer.

A total of 80 articles according to different databases, namely PubMed, Web of Science, Springer, Cochrane, and ScienceDirect, were retrieved. Then, 38 full-text articles were entered into the analysis process. Finally, 12 articles were selected for this study.

The literature review showed that PAH exposure occurs in daily life through exposure to tobacco smoke, consumption of charcoal-smoked meats, and inhalation of air pollutants. The concentration of PAHs is related to the risk of developing bladder cancer during the lifetime of PAHs. Bladder tumors are directly related to exposure to carcinogens. While the exposure to risk factors increases, the risk of developing cancer increases. Risk factors affecting bladder cancer include smoking and occupational and dietary factors.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are by-products of incomplete combustion of organic matter. They are found in all environments, such as hospitals, industries, and homes, and they can affect the urinary system, cause dysfunction, and eventually cause bladder cancer.

In orthopedics, the drilling process is one of the most important steps in the preparation of medical tools and implants. Improving the performance of medical tools and implants is of great importance, because these tools and implants are used in the repair of bone and joint injuries. One of the ways to improve the efficiency of these tools and implants is to use titanium nitride nano coatings on drilling tools. This article is presented with the aim of experimental analysis and optimization of axial force in the orthopedic drilling process using a tool coated with titanium nitride nano coating by physical deposition method. The purpose of this research is to improve the performance and efficiency of this process by optimizing various parameters such as tool rotation speed, cutting depth and titanium nitride coating. For this purpose, experimental tests were conducted using the response surface method. the sensitivity analysis was also performed. The results have shown that the rotational speed, as the most effective parameter, has a lesser effect (45% effect) on the axial force in the case without nanocoating, while it shows a greater effect (73% effect) in the case with nanocoating.

Context: 

Arsenic has metallic and non-metallic properties. It is widely found in sulfide ores and belongs to the nitrogen family. Arsenic is used as an insecticide due to its high toxicity. Arsenic has caused many environmental concerns, including the widespread availability of arsenic in the environment, biological toxicity, and exploitation. Potential routes of arsenic exposure in humans include drinking water, industrial manufacturing, diet, cosmetics, smoking, and air. A recent debate has focused on the link between arsenic exposure and diabetes. Diabetes is a common disease in the world that affects many people. This disease is caused by a long-term increase in blood sugar levels in the body.

Evidence Acquisition:

The purpose of this review study was to epidemiologically review the side effects of arsenic on diabetes.

 A total of 466 articles were retrieved from PubMed, Web of Science, Springer, Cochran, and ScienceDirect databases. Eighty-one full-text articles were entered into the analysis process. Finally, 16 articles were selected for this study.

 Arsenic is available in a variety of sources, including natural resources, groundwater, industrial activities, food, and tobacco. Arsenic can affect the function of pancreatic β cells and cause diabetes.

 Toxic air pollutants, especially arsenic, are attributed to human activities, industrial processes, fuel uses, transportation, power plants, and energy consumption. The emission of these pollutants can increase the prevalence of diabetes. Also, exposure to arsenic in the air can be very harmful and cause cancer and non-cancerous disorders in the long term and even in the short term.

With the advancement of Internet of Things technology, human resource management seeks to use this technology to improve performance and improve internal processes of companies. By connecting smart objects with each other and with Internet networks, the Internet of Things allows companies to collect useful data about their internal structure and performance and then use this data to improve performance and productivity. In this article, the use of Internet of Things in human resources management has been investigated and various methods of using this technology to improve the performance and productivity of human resources have been investigated.

Air pollution is a serious concern for environmental and human health, especially due to increasing the risk of respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of air pollution on plant species resistance in urban areas.

This narrative review was conducted by searching the databases of Web of Science, Science Direct, Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Springer. Sixty-five articles were screened by reading their abstracts and full texts. In the end, 12 relevant papers published from 1993 to 2021 were finally selected.

The literature review showed that the green spaces created by municipalities in different areas of the city included a set of trees and shrubs compatible by the climate, grass, soil, and water of the region, leading to a significant improvement in air quality. Based on the results, urban green space has the ability to reduce the amount of artificially produced pollutants, and the use of natural potential of trees can improve the quality of the environment depending on various factors such as the climatic condition of the region and the density and amount of vegetation cover.

The most effective ways to reduce health and economic costs include reducing the emission of pollutants from cars and industries, extending urban green space, educating citizens, and organizational planning and cooperation. The findings of this study may have important implications for selecting plant species for vegetation traffic barriers.

Nickel is one of the toxic heavy metals naturally released into the environment through industrial activities. Coagulation and flocculation are one of the available heavy metal removal methods, but experience has shown that high pH and the addition of coagulant aid are usually required to remove nickel by coagulation and flocculation process. This study aimed to examine the efficiency of polyaluminum silicate chloride (PASiC) coagulant in nickel removal from aqueous solutions.

This study was conducted experimentally on a laboratory scale using the standard jar testing method. We investigated the effect of pH parameters (4-11), amount of coagulant (7.5-75 mg/L based on aluminum), initial metal concentration (10-400 mg/L), and settling time (15-90 minutes). Nickel concentration was measured by flame atomic absorption spectroscopy. In this study, t test, between-groups ANOVA, and regression were used for analysis.

Results showed that the removal efficiency decreased at higher concentrations of nickel metal. Furthermore, increasing the settling time beyond 30 minutes did not significantly change the removal efficiency. PASiC had a removal efficiency of over 99% at an optimum pH of 8, an optimum PASiC concentration of 15 mg/L, an optimum time of 30 minutes, and a nickel concentration of 10-100 mg/L.

According to the results, the use of PASiC as a coagulant is a suitable option for removing nickel from polluted wastewater.

Considering the effects of crisis on society, emergency medicine and crisis management by scientifically and systematically observing crises and analyzing them, seeks to prevent and prepare for crisis and in case of its occurrence reduce the destructive effects and react quickly and appropriately. The purpose of this research study, capacity building in the rate of hospitalization of patients in times of crisis in Razi hospital, Ahvaz. This study was performed in Razi hospital, Ahvaz. In this study the amount of capacity at first emergency ward to providing medical services during before the crisis. Data was collected by crisis questionnaire Razi hospital and analyzed by descriptive statistics using EXCELL and SPSS. The results of this study showed that capacity to accept were 14 injured in time of disasters in emergency ward at Razi teaching hospital, Ahvaz after increased capacity ability to accept injured in emergency ward increased to 38 persons. This study showed that it is necessary to take measures in order to hold periodic exercises and training courses, planning and providing facilities and equipment for crisis management.

According to statistics prepared by the United Nations have entered most losses and damage to human societies among the natural disasters, floods and storm. Since the floods every year are causing loss significant of life and financial, the main aims of planning in this area are flood control and mitigation. The aim of this study is to instigate the effects of flooding and erosion on environmental pollution management options in this field.

In this review study, the literature was done from 2000 to 2020 in various databases, including Medline, Web of Sciences (WOS), Google Scholar and Scopus. Data’s was collected based on available reviewed articles. The Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) was evaluated for effectiveness and the effects of the studies were evaluated for safety. After processing and modification on the basis of data collected, estimated the effects of flooding and erosion.

The environmental impact caused changes in watershed physical, changes in shape and topography of the area influence erosion and brought in sediment, soil erosion; change the biological characteristics of water. The main effects of this including the water borne diseases such as typhoid, cholera, and create the appropriate environment for the growth of hosts and vectors of some diseases such as Schistosoma, Malaria

Finally, the findings of this study showed that the pollution due to by flood can be caused toxic acceptor waters, high PH of this water and reducing dissolved oxygen.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are among the most important compounds that cause adverse health outcomes in humans, such as poor lung function, bronchitis, asthma, shortness of breath, circulatory disorders, lung cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and mortality.

This review aims to investigate the effects of PAHs on the occurrence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

A narrative review of the literature was done from 1979 to 2021 in various databases: Science Direct, PubMed, Web of Science, Springer, and Google Scholar. We found 76 and 14 articles by searching the databases and other sources, respectively. Twelve articles were included after screening. The literature indicates the significant adverse effect of PAHs on the occurrence of COPD.

Heavy industries (oil, steel, gas, and petroleum) are the primary sources of PAHs. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons induce respiratory diseases, as they are destructive to the lung, leading to COPD. Sex, age, nutritional status, health, duration of exposure to PAHs, and body response to the pollutants affect the complications.

High PAH levels can increase the risk of COPD, respiratory diseases, and incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR).

Emission large amounts of air pollutants can cause many problems in the environment and human health. The purpose of this review study was evaluating consequences and health effects of toxic air pollutants and expressing strategies for controlling these pollutants.

A narrative review of the literature was done based on searched databases. All relevant studies published 1998 until 2021 gathered. According to the databases, 360 articles were retrieved. 24 studies were screened after review and 16 full-text articles entered into the analysis process. Finally, 9 articles were selected in this study.

The results of this study showed that industrialization, increasing urbanization, technological development, rapid population growth, increased desertification and deforestation, occurrence of dust phenomenon, uncontrolled growth of motor vehicles, entry of various pollutants and environmental degradation cause a phenomenon called air pollution. Based on the results, the toxic air pollutants causes many health endpoints in human such as respiratory disease, asthma, chronic lung disease, respiratory and
cardiovascular system dysfunction, decreased immune system, headache, dizziness, gastrointestinal disease and increased risk of cancer (lung, stomach, intestine, eye, liver and brain).

According to research related to the subject, air pollution is a positive function of energy consumption, volume of industrial activities, and the uncontrolled increase of human activities. The most vital factors are increasing the level of public awareness, reducing the exposure to toxic air pollutants, improving quality of the products and consumption of consumed fuels.

Optimal physical space and mental environment are the most important factorsin achieving the good level of educational quality. A healthy environment and a safety education play animportant role to prevent diseases and accidents. The aim of this study was to determine the safety andenvironmental health condition of Andika city schools and its comparison with national standards.

This is a descriptive cross-sectional study in which 40 schools from all Andika cityschools. In this study, first Raw data processing by the use of Excel software (instruction set correction oftemperature and pressure, averaging, coding). In final stage estimated of the safety and environmentalhealth condition of Andika city schools with used data processed.

Based on result, 77.8% of urban and 80.6% of rural schools had access to safe drinking water. In55.6% of urban schools and 22.6% of standard rural schools the number of abutments was observed. Theminimum required area per student is met in 100% of urban schools and 83.9% of rural areas. According toresult this study, in 77.8% of urban schools and 35.5% of standard rural schools the number of toilets wasobserved. The standard of toilets was observed in 44.4% of urban and 29% of rural schools. In 44.4% of urbanschools and 35.5% of rural schools, wastewater disposal methods were used according to health standards.Resul of study showed that 44.4% of urban schools and 74.2% of rural schools had health conditions.

Findings showed that the safety and environmental health condition of schools has an effectiverole in efficiency and raising the level of education.

Teacher identity has turned out to be of great importance in teacher pedagogical practice. A number of factors are implicated in shaping and reshaping teachers' identity. Despite numerous studies on teacher identity, language teacher religious identity has remained under-researched. Therefore, the current study examined how Iranian religious English as a foreign language (EFL) teachers are identified. To do so, 30 religious teachers were selected through purposive sampling. The data were collected through employing semi-structured interviews, developed based on Simon’s (2004) six components of identity, namely personal features, physical characters, special abilities, behavioral qualities, ideological attributes, and group membership. The results demonstrated that religious teachers tend to manifest certain Islamic-based personal attributes like fairness and kindness and also adhere to some Islamic rules of physical features like head covering for females and dignified clothes for males. In addition, religious teachers' behaviors and performances were profoundly affected by their religious background, realized in their attempts to control their anger, to avoid insulting and backbiting, and to disregard or replacing the materials which seem to be against the Islamic thought. The findings can have practical implications for teachers, institute administrators, and other stakeholders whose cognizance of religious teachers' identity could help prevent possible identity tensions.

The present study was carried out to assess the effects of different levels of Pediococcus acidilactici including 0, 1 × 106, 2 × 106, 4 × 106 and 8 × 106 colony forming unit per g of the diet (cfug-1), in a completely randomized design for 60 days, on growth, intestine flora and skin mucus bactericidal response of zebra fish. The best growth indices including weight, length and specific growth rate and also the least food conversion ratio were recorded in group 4 × 106 cfug-1 (p<0.05). Also the highest number of total viable count and lactic acid bacteria of intestine were found in that group (p<0.05). The most growth inhibition zone of Aeromonas hydrophylla, Flavobacterium columnare, Vibrio anguillarum and Edwardsiella tarda were found in group 4 × 106 cfug-1 (p<0.05). Therefore, it seems that P. acidilactici as a probiotic, improves growth and immunity indices of the zebra fish and could be used as amount of 4 × 106 cfug-1 of food for this fish.

chr('39')chr('39')Kindnesschr('39')chr('39') is a human truth that not only plays a role between physician and patient, but also the researches of experimental scientists indicate that mercy and compassion can be effective in prevention and control of certain illnesses; on other hand Islam as a divine religion is the source of human virtues including kindness and in this regard it can support the cultural and health goals.

This descriptive-analytical research has also utilized library method (classical and modern) and reputable scientific sources in the Internet.

The Islam divine BOOK, Quran, introduces Allah with two names with the origins of Rahmat, and almost all of its surahs introduce the CREATURE with these two names and there are lots of words which are collateral and synonymous of the word kindness and other Allah names refer to a single and merciful Lord; Although the meaning is not directly kindness and plenty of fundamental contents can be found for being fundamental meaning in the Quran and other Islamic sources.

1.The placement of kindness is noble in Quran. 2. Islam can not recognize without priority of the kindness virtue in exegesis and lives. 3. Concentrating on kindness in Islam can promote in health especially in the area of spiritual and mental health. 4. It is necessary to make more research in Islamic and experimental sciences area to find the importance of kindness in health with a native approach.