mohammadreza fathi

The petrochemical industry in Iran, as one of the country's primary revenue-generating sectors, plays a crucial role in job creation, mitigating the effects of sanctions, and preventing raw material sales. This study aims to identify the factors influencing the development of the petrochemical industry by considering budgetary structures and comprehensively modeling the dynamic systems of this sector, including crude oil and natural gas exports, the National Development Fund, and the Oil and Gas Fund. The research also focuses on production and sales within the petrochemical industry to assess the impact of inflation on feedstock and utilities.

This research adopts a system dynamics approach to model the budget formation in developing the capacity of the petrochemical industry. It employs causal models and simulates flow-stock models using the Vensim software. The modeling process incorporates budget allocation structures for projects and petrochemical complexes capable of producing products, utilizing over 450,000 data points related to production and sales across the entire petrochemical industry in Iran from 2011 to 2023.

The results of the modeling closely align with empirical outcomes, indicating that Iran's final petrochemical production increased from 28.7 million tons in 2011 to 52 million tons in 2023. Additionally, the nominal capacity of complexes rose from 54.1 million tons to 90.2 million tons. Assuming an annual increase in feedstock and utility prices (inflation) ranging from 1% to 10%, industry costs have surged by $2.9 billion. However, due to a 76% increase in production capacity, the net revenue of the industry has remained at approximately $26 billion.

This research provides a comprehensive and reliable framework for analyzing and planning the development of production capacity within the petrochemical industry through system dynamics modeling. Furthermore, it quantitatively elucidates the role of optimal budget allocation and examines the impact of rising costs on production and revenue in this sector. The study explores the effects of various influential factors on petrochemical product output, including the implications of inflation on feedstock and utilities, as well as the effects of increasing inflation rates.

The present study aims to provide a conceptual framework for e-learning in primary education using a qualitative approach and the seven-step meta-synthesis method proposed by Sandelowski and Barroso (2007). The purpose of meta-synthesis is to extract new insights by comparing and synthesizing findings from multiple studies. The study population includes all scientific works related to the foundations and dimensions of e-learning, retrieved from 12 scientific databases, covering the period from 2006 to 2025 (corresponding to 1384 to 1403 in the Iranian calendar). Through a screening process, 56 studies were selected for further analysis. Open and axial coding were used to analyze the data. As a result of synthesizing and analyzing the findings, four factors, including individual factors, educational factors, contextual factors, and technological factors, were identified. Additionally, eight key categories, including student, teacher, course design, course support, organizational factors, socio-cultural and political factors, hardware factors, and software factors, as well as 24 main concepts and 307 codes related to the components of e-learning in primary education, were discovered and labeled.

In today's world, organizations that prioritize their social responsibilities are more successful in achieving their goals. This study aimed to examine the relationship between the dimensions of sustainable marketing, social responsibility, and customer relationship management.

This descriptive-correlational study targeted food production companies located in the Shokouhieh Industrial Zone, Qom, as its statistical population. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM) and the SPSS and AMOS software.

The results indicated that ecological marketing, green marketing, and social marketing have a significant positive impact on customer relationship management. Among these, ecological marketing had the strongest influence, with an effect size of 0.773, and these three variables collectively explained 71% of the variations in customer relationship management. Additionally, ecological marketing and green marketing positively influenced social responsibility, with ecological marketing showing the strongest relationship (effect size of 0.539). Together, these two variables explained 44% of the variations in social responsibility.

The findings reveal a significant positive relationship between sustainable marketing, social responsibility, and customer relationship management. Overall, the results suggest that companies can establish long-term relationships with their customers when they incorporate environmental considerations into their strategic planning and marketing mix policies.

 Today, one of the key factors in success and competition in the optimal performance of organizations is supply chain management. The purpose of the present study is to identify and rank key factors in the success of the electronic supply chain in the steel industry.

This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive in terms of data collection. The statistical population of this study includes experts and senior executives of Yazd Alloy Steel Company (8 people) and executive experts and senior staff of Yazd Alloy Steel Company (18 people). In the first step of identifying and ranking the key factors of the success of the electronic supply chain in the steel industry, the literature and background of related studies were reviewed. Then, the questionnaire was utilized to complete and confirm the factors in order to summarize the findings. In this study, after defining the subject and its dimensions, the key factors of the success of the electronic supply chain in the steel industry were extracted and then the questionnaire was distributed in person using a four -stage Delphi method. At the output of this stage, all key factors were the success of the success of the electronic supply chain in the steel industry.

The findings of the research process, using hierarchical analysis techniques, showed that the key factors of the success of the electronic supply chain in the steel industry include the environment, supply, demand, systems and processes, information, relationships, and degree of dependence between organizations.

Based on the results of this study, the index of commitment and capability with a weight of 0.146 is the most important among all existing indicators. The security index with a weight of 0.081 has the second priority. Exterior and uncontrollable events with a weight of 0.069 are in the third priority

The Water-Energy-Food (WEF) nexus represents a critical framework for sustainable development, ensuring human survival and ecological balance amidst increasing resource pressures from population growth, urbanisation, climate change, and economic development. While many models aim to address this nexus, they often focus narrowly on specific sectors rather than adopting a comprehensive, holistic perspective. This study employs Critical Systems Heuristics (CSH), a reflective and emancipatory approach, to examine the systemic challenges and underlying assumptions within the WEF nexus in Iran. The research involved 25 experts from diverse fields—energy (n=6), water (n=5), food (n=4), academia (n=6), and systems (n=4)—selected through purposive sampling to ensure diverse perspectives. Using boundary critique, the study examines current realities (“is” states) and ideal visions (“ought” states) through twelve boundary questions that assess sources of motivation, power, knowledge, and legitimacy. Findings reveal fragmented decision-making structures, short-term planning approaches, and insufficient interdisciplinary collaboration as significant obstacles to sustainable resource management. While decision-making authority is concentrated in isolated governmental sectors, the study highlights the need for integrated management frameworks that align with long-term sustainability goals, emphasising public welfare, environmental preservation, and inclusivity. Additionally, the research uncovers a gap in leveraging relevant expertise, with reliance on politically influenced appointments over merit-based inclusions. The study advocates for systemic reforms, including interdisciplinary stakeholder engagement, the establishment of a unified governance body for the WEF nexus, legislative adaptations, and the integration of renewable energy and sustainable agricultural practices. These strategies aim to shift decision-making from short-term political gains to fostering resilience and equity for current and future generations. By addressing the socio-political, technical, and ecological dimensions of the WEF nexus, this research provides policymakers, stakeholders, and researchers with actionable insights, contributing to a more integrated and sustainable approach to resource management in Iran.

This study aims to explore and assess situations in international markets. In this context, the primary objective is to pinpoint the factors influencing the gas market and to analyze the internal dynamics of each of these factors. Subsequently, based on the factor-driven model of the recognized elements, the interplay and behaviors of these elements as parts of a factor-driven model are investigated.

This research employs the problem structuring approach, also known as soft operational research, specifically the Graph Model for Conflict Resolution (GMCR) method. Additionally, in the quantitative part of this research, factor-based modeling is utilized. In this research, an attempt is first made to obtain a proper understanding of the reality of the gas market, and then a model is built based on this understanding. By identifying the key and leverage parts of the factor-based model and then simulating it for the long term, possible scenarios or states are extracted.

In the first step, key players in the gas market, including the United States, the European Union, Russia, China, India, Iran, Qatar, and the Renewable Energy Group, were identified, and the conflicts between them were modeled. The GMCR analysis resulted in the identification of 28 equilibrium points, which were subsequently clustered into five distinct scenarios. In the next step, an agent-based simulation model was developed based on these scenarios.

Originality/Value: 

By integrating GMCR and Agent-Based Model (ABM), this study has successfully addressed aspects of strategic conflict, market dynamics, and the gradual learning of participants, which were previously overlooked in most earlier research.

With its special characteristics, the tourism industry is considered a dynamic industry with a bright future that will lead to urban development. One of the festivals that is held in the center of Iran is the Mahallat Flower and Plant Festival, which attracts domestic and foreign tourists interested in flowers and plants. The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of soft and hard organizational infrastructure in the quality of event tourism and the consequences of the experience of flower and plant tourism in neighborhoods. The results of the research after analyzing the data using PLS software have shown that soft and hard organizational infrastructures affect the quality of tourism. Also, the involvement of tourists in cultural contact and memorable experience and memorable experiences affects the desire to visit again and advise others. In order to achieve the development of tourism, fundamental activities must be carried out on two fronts. From the point of view of the public sector and policymakers, it is necessary to provide the infrastructure, cooperation, and companionship with the private sector and provide the basic and necessary platforms to create motivation in the private sector. On the other hand, it is necessary for the private sector to be diligent in developing the required marketing strategies while adopting a systematic approach

This research examines the relationship between spiritual intelligence and social erosion. The statistical pop- ulation includes all employees of rubber manufacturing companies in Iran. The required sample size was de- termined using Cochran's formula for an unlimited population, resulting in 384 participants. A non-probability convenience sampling method was employed in this study. Data were collected using a questionnaire, and its content validity was confirmed through the opinions of management professors and experts, while face valid- ity was verified by several members of the statistical population. Additionally, convergent and discriminant validity of the questionnaire were tested using confirmatory factor analysis and the Smart PLS software. A one-sample t-test was used to examine the mean of the variables against a specific value. The results of the one- sample t-test indicated that the variable of social erosion is at a moderate level, while spiritual intelligence is at an undesirable level. The results of hypothesis testing using structural equation modeling confirmed the main hypothesis, and it can be stated with 95% confidence that there is a significant relationship between spiritual intelligence and social erosion.

The implementation of Internet of Things (IoT) technology in food supply chains faces significant barriers that hinder its potential to enhance traceability, efficiency, and sustainability. This study identifies and analyzes these barriers by conducting a case study of Kalleh Company, a leading Iranian food producer, using the Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) method. Through conducting a literature review and expert interviews, 11 key barriers were categorized into technological, financial, human capital, regulatory, and infrastructural dimensions. The DEMATEL analysis revealed critical insights into the causal relationships among these barriers. Inadequate infrastructure emerged as the most prominent barrier, heavily influenced by financial constraints such as high implementation costs and limited funding access. Meanwhile, lack of interoperability was identified as the strongest causal barrier, creating systemic challenges by preventing seamless integration across IoT systems. Interestingly, while the shortage of skilled labor showed balanced influence/dependence, its high prominence underscored its operational significance. The study highlights the complex interdependencies among IoT adoption barriers, demonstrating that infrastructure limitations cannot be resolved without addressing the underlying financial and technological challenges. These findings suggest that successful implementation of IoT requires coordinated strategies addressing multiple dimensions simultaneously including standardization efforts, financial support mechanisms, and workforce development programs.

The aim of this research is to present a socio-technical transition model from the tradi- tional judicial system to the electronic judicial system in Iran. The methodology of this research is mixed; the qualitative part of the research includes identifying factors influ- encing this technological transition at the levels of technological niches, socio-technical regimes, and the landscape through theoretical foundations and interviews with experts. The quantitative part of the research also uses Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) to determine and analyze the relationships between the factors affecting this technological transition. The results of this research indicate that the themes at the landscape lev- el include technological developments and emerging criminal behaviors, socio-cultural anomalies, the digital divide, the need for private and public sector involvement, gov- ernment and judicial technology policies and laws, and the lack of digital governance in the country. The themes at the regime level include financial and budgetary resources, complexities of the judicial structure, organizational changes, investment, changes in user habits, application domain issues, privacy, information security, specialized human resources, weaknesses in network governance of the judiciary, and insufficient maturity of digital court technology. Additionally, the themes at the niche level include pioneering legal and judicial technology companies, technological infrastructure, the connection be- tween legal experts and technologists, the attractiveness of legal and judicial technology fields, innovation, and the legal services market.

Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is caused by mutations in the MEFV (Mediterranean fever) gene and is characterized by recurrent, self-limiting attacks of fever with polyserositis. This study aimed to identify MEFV gene variants in suspected FMF patients in the southwest of Iran.

We obtained whole blood samples from 40 unrelated pediatric patients suspected to have FMF between 2020 and 2024. The entire coding and flanking regions of the MEFV gene were sequenced using genomic DNA. We employed in-silico tools to detect the pathogenicity predictions of the rare mutation. Further, the clinical symptoms experienced by the patients were recorded and evaluated.

We identified eight different mutations, including six common mutations (p.E148Q, p.M694I, p.M694V, p.A744S, p.M680I (c.2082G>A), p.V726A), one uncommon mutation (p. R202Q), and one rare mutation located in exon 3 (p.S339F). The most frequently reported mutant allele was p.E148Q (50%), followed by p.R202Q (43.75%). We reported the rare mutation p.S339F for the first time in Iranian FMF patients. Bioinformatics prediction tools confirmed the pathogenicity of this mutation, and for the first time, we used the I-mutant website for this mutation. Fever and abdominal pain were the most prevalent clinical symptoms.

These findings can be used to develop the genetic database of MEFV gene mutations and help in detection of hotspot regions in the Iranian population, especially in the southwest. Our results can be helpful in early diagnosis and pharmacotherapy for patients suspected of having FMF.

Choosing the right suppliers can significantly reduce production costs and increase the competitiveness of the organization, because in most industries, the cost of raw materials and product components is a major part of the total price. Therefore, the aim of the current research was to evaluate the selection of sustainable suppliers in the supply chain of the steel industry with thematic analysis technique and the method of simultaneous evaluation of criteria and options in the steel companies of Shahrekord Industrial City.

This research is applied and mixed type (qualitative-quantitative). Using the purposeful sampling method, 13 experts, familiar with the research, were determined. In the qualitative section, thematic analysis was used to code and identify the factors. In addition, in order to prioritize the criteria and rank the suppliers, the method of simultaneous evaluation of criteria and options was used.

The results of content analysis showed that the effective factors include seven factors, management support, economic, social, environment, education, laws and regulations, information technology. Then, based on the method of simultaneous evaluation of criteria and options, it has obtained the first priority economic criterion, the second priority management support criterion, and the third priority educational criterion. Mobarake steel has won the first rank among the options. Kavian Steel of Khuzestan has won the second place and Aksin Steel of Ahvaz has won the third place.

According to the results obtained from the theory of content analysis, seven factors were obtained: management support, economic, social, educational environment, laws and regulations, and information technology.

Excessive prescription of antibiotics is the main factor contributing to the emergence of resistant bacteria.

To complement the global research conducted by Belgium's Antrop University and the World Health Organization (WHO) in Iran, this study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of antibiotic prescriptions in Ahvaz hospitals.

This was a descriptive longitudinal study. The statistical population consisted of all patients hospitalized at Imam Khomeini, Golestan, and Abuzar Hospitals in Ahvaz between 2020 and 2021 (2035 patients). The data collection tool was a checklist from the educational department and special care department, completed by clinical assistants and recorded in the Global Point Prevalence online software. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 22.

The overall prevalence of antimicrobial use in Golestan, Imam Khomeini, and Abuzar Hospitals was reported as 43.2%, 44.1%, and 57.9%, respectively. The most common antibiotics for treating sepsis in both adults and children were vancomycin and meropenem. The most commonly used antibiotics for treating upper and lower urinary tract infections (UTIs) and for surgical prophylaxis were ceftriaxone and meropenem. Meropenem was the most commonly used antibiotic for treating pneumonia. The highest rates of antimicrobial resistance were reported for cefazolin (81.42%), ampicillin (93.77%), and ampicillin (94.02%) in Golestan, Imam Khomeini, and Abuzar Hospitals, respectively. The lowest rates of antimicrobial resistance were reported for ciprofloxacin (18.57%) in Golestan Hospital, ciprofloxacin (15.58%) in Imam Khomeini Hospital, and piperacillin/tazobactam (12.04%) in Abuzar Hospital.

Due to the high consumption of ceftriaxone and the significant resistance to ampicillin and cefazolin, continuous monitoring is essential to adjust antibiotic usage and resistance patterns in local, provincial, and national referral hospitals.

This research was conducted with the aim of validating the Persian version of the Emerging Adult Dimensions Inventory (Raifman, Arnett and Colwell, 2007), an instrument for measuring the characteristics of emerging adults, and determining its psychometric properties in an Iranian sample. The research method was correlation. The statistical population was students of public universities in Tehran province, and the sample included 500 students. The instrument was IDEA-R (Raifman, Arnett & Colwell, 2007). construct validity analysis was done with CFA method. The findings showed that the main six-factor structure of 31 items translated into Persian, adapted to the data of the Iranian context. Psychometric indices indicated that the fit of the model. As a result, the construct validity of the instrument was confirmed. Concurrent validity was also confirmed. The internal consistency and reliability of the whole instrument and its subscales were confirmed. The findings were discussed in the light of previous research results. As a result, using the Iranian version of this questionnaire (IDEA-P) to measure the characteristics of Iranian emerging adults is valid. Therefore, the use of the Iranian version is suggested to Iranian researchers for the study of emerging adulthood.

Making correct decisions is one of the key factors determining the success of organizations. Efforts have always been made to improve the decision-making process within organizations. With the rapid growth of the artificial intelligence market, organizations are increasingly leveraging this technology to optimize their decision-making processes. Amid this trend, there are significant hopes and concerns about the future of decision-making supported by machine intelligence in organizations. This research aims to outline scenarios for the future of decision-making using AI.

This study adopts a futures research approach and utilizes the "Global Business Network" method to develop scenarios. Initially, data derived from the literature and semi-structured interviews with experts were coded using thematic analysis and classified into seventeen categories. Subsequently, through cross-impact analysis and expert evaluations, two drivers were selected based on their importance and uncertainty to construct the scenarios. Finally, four scenarios were developed based on these two main drivers.

The research identified seventeen drivers influencing machine intelligence-based decision-making in organizations. Using cross-impact analysis, two critical uncertainties—AI’s decision-making ability compared to humans and the extent of AI adoption in decision-making—were chosen. Based on these two axes, four scenarios were outlined: Marginalized Human , The Mirage of Machine Intelligence, Humans as Decision Masters, and Missed Opportunities. Each scenario depicts a different future regarding the role of humans and AI in organizational decision-making. The intermediate scenario illustrates the coexistence of AI and humans.

Due to economic constraints and sanctions, the likelihood of the "Missed Opportunities" scenario occurring in Iran is high. Limited investment in AI and the lack of prioritization for its development may push the country away from even a constructive coexistence between humans and machine intelligence. To avoid this outcome, it is recommended that organizations initiate small pilot projects, utilize open-source tools and cloud services to reduce costs, and control technological risks. Continuous employee training and collaboration with universities and research centers can also enhance skills and reduce external dependency. Finally, monitoring return on investment and adopting agile methodologies will pave the way for gradual and efficient utilization of AI.

The issue of employment as a social issue is global and many countries of the world are involved in this issue. This problem is constantly worsening not only in Iran but also in the world and is not necessarily related to specific periods such as the global crisis of the Corona pandemic. Unsettled employment situation and increase in unemployment rate in the society can bring social damages and make the society out of balance. Therefore, paying attention to this issue is of great importance. In this article the unemployment situation and the employment problem all over the world are mentioned first, and after reviewing the background of the research, the short-term measures implemented have been investigated by the United States of America, Germany and Russia, which have been selected as examples, to deal with unemployment. The method of collecting information in this research is Documentary research and based on the collection and translation of related texts. The research method is descriptive and considering the criterion of application, it is of Applied type. The results indicate that in Iran, short-term plans have been proposed in the field of employment, which have been mentioned but there has not been a deep and stable improvement in the country's employment situation.

In today’s digital world, influencer marketing is recognized as one of the key marketing strategies in the tourism industry. Influencers play a significant role in shaping brand perception and influencing followers' travel intentions. This study aims to examine the impact of influencers’ travel experiences, travel recommendations, and content effectiveness on followers’ brand perception and travel intention. The research is applied in nature and adopts a descriptive-analytical methodology. Data were collected using a questionnaire with confirmed validity and reliability, and analyzed through Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) using SmartPLS software. The statistical population consisted of social media users interested in travel, and convenience sampling was employed. The results indicate that travel experiences, travel recommendations, and influencer content effectiveness have a significant and positive impact on brand perception. Moreover, brand perception serves as a mediating variable that strengthens the influence of these factors on followers’ travel intention. Additionally, trust in influencers and the quality of generated content play a crucial role in enhancing travel motivation and user engagement with tourism brands. Accordingly, tourism brands can improve their digital marketing strategies and increase their impact on consumers’ travel decision-making by effectively collaborating with credible influencers.

During the past years and after the holy defense, one of the biggest cultural events of the country that caused the transfer of experiences and retelling of the historical events and sacrifices of the warriors of Islam during the eight years of the holy defense was Rahian Noor. The presence of narrators in this event and conveying as much as possible the concepts and realities of war will increase the efficiency and productivity of the narrators and the satisfaction of the pilgrims, which requires the formulation and presentation of a comprehensive program and model to evaluate the performance. Therefore, the main goal of this research is. Design indicators are to evaluate the performance of narrators and provide a performance evaluation model to evaluate narrators.

The research is applied and mixed, which is designed in two qualitative and quantitative phases. In the first phase, with the research method of theme analysis and through theoretical foundations and interviews with experts familiar with narration in Rahian Noor camps, the performance indicators of narrators or basic themes were extracted. Based on the analysis of interviews with experts and basic themes, these themes were categorized, and each category is referred to as an organizing theme. In the second phase of the research, by using a questionnaire, opinions were sought from the specific field of Rahian Noor on the two issues of weighting the indicators extracted in the first phase and the performance status of the narrators. The analysis and review of the results of this questionnaire was done through Matrisipa until the current situation and the indicators and indicators of the organizations' priorities are determined. In order to evaluate the performance of the narrators, another questionnaire was prepared and set up for the purpose of evaluating the narrators by groups of pilgrims, caravans, memorial servants, and memorial officials. After designing the questions corresponding to each indicator, the questions related to the headquarters of Rahian Noor are presented to determine that each question will be suitable for the group of respondents. To achieve this, a series of brief questions were asked to each of the aspirant groups.

The result of the classification of themes is attributed to the seventh result of the theme of organizers of job knowledge, management and organization, communication and moral skills, appearance, wise narration or rationality, quality and satisfaction. Also, three indicators of wise narration with 43%, quality with 32% and communication and moral skills with 13% and with a big difference from other organizing indicators, the first rank has been assigned the most importance. In addition, based on this response, four categories of questionnaires were prepared for different groups (pilgrims, caravan managers, memorial servants, and memorial officials) and finally, a model was presented to evaluate the narrators' performance step by step.

Originality/Value:

 This research is conducted for the first time in the field of Rahian Noor camps, and considering the structural differences with other organizations, including the honorary nature of the narrators and their voluntary activities, it has an innovative and practical structure. Also, for the research to be more practical, providing a performance evaluation model for other people related to Rahian Noor camps and using other performance evaluation methods for goal management, behavioral rating evaluation method, sensitive event recording method, and psychological evaluation method. And the comparison of their results is suggested.

Recognition of competence in the organization is the starting point for many human resource implementations such as talent management and succession planning. Paying attention to this issue can improve the input and output functions of an organization in all dimensions, especially in a competitive environment. The purpose of this research is to design a competency model for the officials of the Rahyan Noor camps in the country. In the first phase, the theme analysis research method was used and by using theoretical bases (similar domestic and foreign articles) as well as by studying the documents of Rahian Noor and fully examining the menus of the Supreme Leader (Madazla Al-Aali) regarding the competence of officials to interview experts. The officials of the servants were paid. Competence indicators of the officials of the servants or basic themes were extracted and by analyzing the interviews and basic themes, these themes were categorized and the theme of the organizer was assigned to each category. The result of the classification led to the extraction of seven themes of the organizer, which are: appearance characteristics, personal characteristics, political, moral excellence, specialized skills, experiences and views. In the second phase of the research, the importance of each index was obtained using a Likert scale . tour According to the results obtained, according to the results, political indicators 40%, personal characteristics 19%, moral excellence 16% and specialized skills with 12% gained the most importance from the point of view of the experts.

The dynamics and intense competition in the market, growing environmental concerns, government regulations, and increased consumer awareness have compelled companies to focus on the physical and mental well-being of consumers, as well as the cleanliness of their environment. This study aims to investigate the impact of green marketing strategies on corporate performance, considering the moderating role of customers' environmental knowledge.
Material and

 The statistical population of this study includes food industries in Alborz province, with the sample size determined using the Morgan table. Data were collected using a questionnaire, and the analysis was conducted with LISREL software. Structural equation modeling and path analysis techniques were employed to examine the relationships between variables.

 The results revealed that out of seven hypotheses, six were confirmed, and one was rejected. A positive and significant relationship was found between green marketing strategies and corporate performance. Additionally, customers' environmental knowledge moderates the relationship between green marketing strategies and corporate performance. However, no significant relationship was observed between green production processes and corporate performance.
Discussion and

The findings suggest that green marketing strategies can enhance corporate performance. However, the lack of a significant impact of green production processes on performance highlights the need for reviewing and improving the implementation of these processes. Furthermore, customers' environmental knowledge emerges as a critical factor in the success of these strategies.

The purpose of this research is to predict the production and consumption of energy carriers in the supply chain and to choose a strategy with a robustness analysis approach in the National Copper Industries Company of Iran.

The current research is based on the objective of the applied type. The research method is quantitative, the data collection is done through the review and analysis of documents, and the monthly time series data of 2010-2017 of Sarchashme copper complex was used. Multivariable time series method and Eviews software were used to forecast the production and consumption of energy carriers in Sarcheshme copper complex in the supply chain, and robustness analysis approach was also used to confirm the predictions made.

The predicted values showed that the ratio of production to consumption of energy carriers would be almost constant in 2018. In addition, based on the stability analysis approach, the main competitive strategy that had the most stability and at the same time the least disability was chosen as the most favorable strategy.

By using the results of this research, a comprehensive view can be reached on the optimization of energy production and consumption.

In today's global market, companies increasingly rely on their supply chains to maintain competitiveness. Intense competition has driven companies to exploit new markets and lower production costs through the development of their supply chains, leading to more complex global supply chains. Although this is a complex and broad topic, there is a consensus among researchers that adopting an appropriate strategy positively impacts performance and allows companies to achieve sustainable competitive advantage. Therefore, the objective of this research is to examine the impact of supply chain strategy on business performance, with an emphasis on product characteristics and environmental uncertainty. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of methodology, utilizing library and field studies as well as questionnaires to gather data. The statistical population of the study consists of all managers of industrial units in the Shokouhiyeh Industrial Town of Qom, with a sample size of 260 estimated using Cochran's formula. For data analysis, partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was employed using Smart PLS software. The results of the structural equation modeling indicated that product characteristics have a significant impact on supply chain strategy. Additionally, the findings revealed that environmental uncertainty significantly affects supply chain strategy, and supply chain strategy, in turn, has a significant impact on business performance.

This study aims to model and evaluate the sustainability indicators of the petrochemical supply chain. Initially, primary data were collected through a review of scientific resources and interviews with experts in the field, identifying key sustainability indicators. These indicators were categorized into four main dimensions: environmental )e.g., reducing energy consumption and controlling greenhouse gas emissions(, social )including enhancing corporate social responsibility and improving employee safety and health(, economic )e.g., cost optimization and productivity enhancement(, and governance )such as transparency in reporting and adherence to international standards(. A systemic approach was employed to analyze the relationships between these indicators and to determine their importance and influence, enabling the identification of both direct and indirect connections among factors. The results revealed that indicators like reducing energy consumption and utilizing renewable resources in the environmental dimension have the highest impact on other factors. Additionally, factors such as transparency in reporting and compliance with international standards within the governance dimension play a critical role in enhancing supply chain sustainability. The study demonstrated that integrating environmental, economic, social, and governance dimensions into a comprehensive framework can support the evaluation and improvement of supply chain sustainability. Such a framework enables organizations to achieve economic goals while fulfilling environmental and social commitments. Furthermore, the flexibility of this framework allows adaptation to market changes and emerging challenges. The applied approach, by clarifying the connections among indicators, assists petrochemical industries in making more effective decisions to enhance their sustainable performance.

Today, the production and services field faces a change in the competition pattern among independent companies and supply chains. The food supply chain is among the complex supply chains with special characteristics that can toughly be adapted to general evaluation systems. The current research aims to determine the effective indicators for evaluating the performance of the sustainable food supply chain. This research is descriptive-survey in terms of method and practical in terms of purpose. In line with the research implementation, based on the study of the theoretical foundations and the background of the research conducted concerning the effective indicators in evaluating the performance of the sustainable supply chain, the effective criteria were extracted and given to 25 research experts in the form of a questionnaire. Finally, to investigate the relationships between these 26 basic criteria, another questionnaire was prepared and given to the research experts. The final factors were structured based on the answers received and using the methods of fuzzy cognitive mapping and fuzzy DEMATEL. Regarding the centrality criterion in the fuzzy cognitive mapping method, the factors "income distribution, sustainable investment, and average annual training time of employees" have the most centrality, so they were recognized as the main factors influencing the performance evaluation of the sustainable food supply chain.

In today's world, one of the important and fundamental requirements of urban management and achieving sustainable urban development is integrated urban management and sustainable sources of income, so the present research was conducted with the aim of identifying and ranking the strategies for achieving sustainable urban income in Fouladshahr Municipality. In terms of method, the research is mixed, which is a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods. In the first stage, the qualitative method and thematic analysis type using interviews with experts was used, and in the second stage, in order to rank the components identified in the qualitative stage, the quantitative method of SwaraFuzzy method was used. Using the purposeful sampling method, 15 experts in the academic field and specialists in the field of urban management in Fouladshahr were determined. And interviews were conducted openly with experts. The results showed that the components of sustainable urban incomes include 12 general themes of information technology, research, recycling, advertising, legal assets, revenues from tolls, service prices and revenues of municipal for-profit institutions, revenues from municipal funds and properties, government grants and Government organizations, financial relations of the municipality with citizens, investment of the municipality in creating sources of sustainable income. It was determined by using the fuzzy swara technique that the income from the tolls obtained the highest rank. And the research factor got the lowest rank.