mohsen askarshahi

Due to the global burden of measles, many measures have always been taken to control and eradicate this disease. However, epidemics of this disease still sometimes occur in some parts of the world and Iran. The aim of this study was to investigate the epidemiology of measles cases in the south of Kerman Province during 2014-2015.

This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on 326-suspected cases of measles using a checklist and review forms. Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 16.

During the years of 2004 and 2005, out of the total number of suspected cases (n=326), 23% were laboratory confirmed. The highest percentage of measles was in the age group of 1 to 4 years (45.3%) and above 10 years (30.7%) and the highest cases of measles were among males (61.3%). Most cases of definite measles were in people without a history of vaccination (61.3%), in Iranians (81.3%) and in rural areas (73.3%).

According to the results of the study, there is a need to pay attention to additional immunization in remote areas and in places of gathering of foreign nationals. The highest prevalence of measles were among people who did not have a history of measles vaccination, it seems that the measles vaccination program has not been very successful in the cities covered by the Jiroft University of Medical Sciences. It is recommended that additional studies be performed to determine the risk factors for measles.

One of the most important determinants of behavior is intention. Numerous factors can contribute to the intention to file a divorce petition. One of the successful conceptual frameworks in explaining the effective factors on the intention to divorce is the theory of planned behavior (TPB). The current study aimed at identifying the factors affecting the determinants of intention to divorce based on TPB. The current cross sectional study was conducted on 140 divorce applicants in Yazd, Iran in 2017 selected by random sampling. Data collection tools were a demographic information checklist and a researcher-made questionnaire including 48 items divided into four constructs, i e, attitude, behavioral control, subjective norms, and intention. The questionnaire was developed based on the constructs of the theory of planned behavior (TPB) and validated in a qualitative study. Data analysis was performed with the AMOS software using goodness-of-fit indices (GFI) of the model, as well as SPSS using ANOVA, post-hoc, and independent t tests. The constructs of the TPB significantly indicated the ability to predict the intention to file a divorce petition (R2 =0.58). The findings showed that the attitude variables (β = 0.69), perceived behavioral control (β = 0.16), and subjective norms (β = 0.13) had the highest effect on the structure, respectively. Model fit indices (GFI, comparative-fit-index, normed-fit-index, root mean-square error of approximation, and normed chi-Square) indicated the goodness of model. The mean score of attitude toward divorce was higher in women than in men (P < 0.001). Attitude toward divorce was the most effective factor in intention to file a divorce petition. Given the important role of attitudes in the intention to divorce, further educational interventions in this field are suggested in order to consider influencing constructs according to TPB.

Pediculosis is one of the most common problems in the world, which despite the improvement of the health status, still has a global distribution. Since this disease is usually transmitted through direct (head-to-head) and indirect (using personal belongings of others) contact, conditions of prevalence in populated areas such as schools can cause students to experience physical and psychological problems. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of education based on health belief model on pediculosis prevention in the fifth grade female students in Bafq city in the academic year of 2016 - 2017.
This study was a randomized controlled trial. The study population included 110 fifth grade female students who were selected by multi-stage sampling method and were randomly divided into two groups of test (55) and control group, (55). First, to determine the prevalence of pediculosis, students were checked to find out if they had Lice and Livestock in their hair and then the required data was collected through a questionnaire based on the Health Belief Model whose validity and reliability had already been confirmed. After their analysis and need assessment, a training program was designed according to the design model and delivered as a lecture, question and answer, and group discussion for students of the experimental group and pamphlets were also distributed among them. Then six weeks after the intervention, the initial questionnaire was completed again by student groups. Data was analyzed using independent t-test, Chi-square, Chi-square, ANOVA and Pearson correlation.
There was a positive and significant correlation between head lice preventive behaviors in students and self-efficacy and perceived benefits constructs. Knowledge and constructs of the health belief model predicted 28.7% of behavioral variance that predicted only predictive power of self-efficacy was statistically significant and it was found that the perceived benefits construct indirectly affects the behavior. After the intervention, the mean score of all constructs of the health belief model, knowledge and behavior in the experimental group significantly increased; however there was no significant increase in the control group.
Considering that both constructs of self-efficacy and perceived benefits were behavior predictors and the educational program led to improve the attitude and behavior of students, health-based and belief-based programs can be implemented based on these two constructs to improve student's performance in lice preventive behaviors.

Incidence and recurrence of kidney stones is increasing worldwide. There are certainly many barriers in performing health behaviors like preventive behaviors in recurrent kidneystones. This study was conducted with the aim to investigate preventive behaviors in recurrent kidney stones and barriers to performing these behaviors. In this study, 210 patients referredto 3 health centers were selected as participants. Data collection tool was a questionnaire, comprising personal details and questions to evaluate preventive behaviors from recurring kidneystones and obstacles to perform such behaviors, which was completed in the form of interviews. Mean score of recurrence preventive behaviors was 38.75±7.85 out of 70, and mean scoreof perceived obstacles was 34.07±7.39 out of 60. There was an inverse and significant correlation between preventive behavior and perceived obstacles.The least recurrent preventive behaviorwas consulting nutritionist about the use of fruit and vegetables according to stone type, and lack of drinking water at least 2 to 3 liters daily was reported as the next behavior. Lack of knowledgeof appropriate diet to prevent kidney stone recurrence was the biggest obstacle that people faced in during performing these behaviors. Through educating patients with kidney stone and theirfamilies, with emphasis on diet associated to type of kidney stone and importance of regular intake of water reduced recurrence of the disease or at least the interval between recurrences increased.

Recognition of the factors related to doing preventive behaviors against children tendency to addictive drug such as role of parents is necessary. This study was performed aiming to determine the role of fathers in prevention of children tendency toward addictive drugs based on theory of planned behavior. This was a descriptive cross sectional study. The research community was Yazd fathers in a sample of 180 that were selected by multistage random sampling method. Data collection tool was a questionnaire in three parts, seven demographic questions, attitude; four items, subjective norms; four items, perceived behavioral control; two items, behavioral intention; five items and nine questions of behavior completed in self-report. Data were analyzed by using SPSS-18 such as; independent T-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient and regression at α = 0.05. The age range of participants was 30-59 years with the mean of 40.38±5.34. Items that achieved highest scores; necessity to do behavior in attitude section, confirmed wives in subjective norms section, difficulty of doing behavior in perceived behavioral control section, beginning behavior from tomorrow in behavioral intention section and creating heartily relationship with children in behavior section to prevent children from tendency toward addictive drugs. The highest score was achieved in subjective norms structure. Attitude of fathers who were employees, homeowners and with a bachelor's degree or higher level of education, perceived behavioral control of fathers with no history of addiction in family or friends, divorced father's behavioral intention, and father's behavior with a bachelor's degree or higher level of education and with no history of substance abuse in family or friends were more positive in prevention of their children tendency to addictive drugs. Subjective norms and behavioral intention predicted 23.5% of the variance of the behavior. Subjective norms and behavioral intention, on which emphasis can help educational programs be more effective, were the most important factors in preventive behavior.

The family as the basis of children’s personality has an important role in creation or prevention of tendency towards anomaly and social damages. This study performed with aimed to determine the role of fathers’ subjective norms, normative beliefs and motivation to comply in prevention of tendency children toward addictive drugs. This was a descriptive cross sectional study. The research community was Yazd fathers in a sample of 180 that were selected in multistage random sampling method. Data collection tool was a questionnaires in three parts, seven demographic questions, subjective norms four items (α=0.78), Normative Beliefs four items (α=0.81) and Motivation to Comply four items (α=88) that completed in self report. Data were analyzed by use SPSS-18 by independent T-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient and regression at α=0.05. The age of participants was 30-59 years with mean 40.38±5.34. 98.3% married, 22.8% had a history of addiction in the family and friends13.9% had a BS or higher educational level and 34.7% were self-employed. Points higher were acquired in subjective norms and normative beliefs structures, wife Confirmation and in Motivation, comply of best friends. In subjective norms 78.28, normative beliefs68.67 and motivation to comply 70.57 Percent of The maximum score that Available to Acquisition Was acquired. Significant correlation existed between all of three structures. Fathers with level of education bachelor and were employee had more motivation to comply. Normative beliefs had stronger predictor than motivation to comply and predicted 42 percent the variance of subjective norms. It seems necessary to Emphasis on the role of wife and Friends in Preparation and implementation of educational programs about persuade fathers to perform preventive behaviors of children tendency to addictive drugs.

Heart failure (HF) is a condition due to a problem with the structure or function of the heart impairs its ability to supply sufficient blood flow to meet the body's needs. In developing countries, around 2% of adults suffer from heart failure, but in people over the age of 65, this rate increases to 6-10%. In Iran, around 3.3% of adults suffer from heart failure. The Health Belief Model (HBM) is one of the most widely used models in public health theoretical framework. This was a cohort experimental study, in which education as intervention factor was presented to case group. 180 Heart failure patients were randomly selected from patients who were referred to the Shahid Rajaee center of Heart Research in Tehran and allocated to two groups (90 patients in the case group and 90 in the control group). HBM was used to compare health behaviors. The questionnaire included 69 questions. All data were collected before and 2 months after intervention. About 38% of participants dont know what, the heart failure is and 43% dont know that using the salt is not suitable for them. More than 40% of participants didnt weigh any time their selves. There was significant differences between the mean grades score of variables (perceived susceptibility, perceived threat, knowledge, Perceived benefits, Perceived severity, self-efficacy Perceived barriers, cues to action, self- behavior) in the case and control groups after intervention that was not significant before it. Based on our study and also many other studies, HBM has the potential to be used as a tool to establish educational programs for individuals and communities. Therefore, this model can be used effectively to prevent different diseases and their complications including heart failure

Excessive salt consumption is associated with the severity of arterial hypertension and ventricular hypertrophy. This study tried to assess determinants of salt consumption based on reasoned action theory among women who referred to health care centers in Yazd.

This descriptive-analytic study was conducted on 247 women who referred to health care centers in Yazd. Subjects were selected by multistage random sampling. Data was collected by a questionnaire designed based on constructs of reasoned action theory on three salt consumption behaviors. Data were analyzed using student t-test, chi square test, one way analysis of variance (ANOVA), Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficients and linear regression.

Mean age of participants was 29.91 ± 6.75 years. A significant correlation was seen between using less than 6 g of salt in cooking and its intention (r = 0.132; P < 0.05), and between table salt avoidance and its intention (r = 0.422; P < 0.05) and its attitude (r = 0.411; P < 0.05), as well as between salty food avoidance and its attitude (r = 0.169; P < 0.05). Regression analysis indicated that 43% intention of using less than 5 g of salt in cooking, 37% intention of table salt avoidance, and 18% intention of salty food consumption was predicted by attitude and subjective norms.

Since attitude is the most important predictor of salt-related behaviors, proper planning needs to be conducted to change of attitudes of people.