مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید صدوقی یزد
سال بیست و نهم شماره 3 (پیاپی 175، خرداد 1400)

Many cognitive and social deficits in autism are caused by abnormal functional connections between brain networks, which are manifested by impaired integrity of white matter tracts. White matter tracts are like the "highways" of the brain, which allow fast and efficient communication in different areas of the brain. The purpose of this article is to review the results of autism studies that have used diffusion tensor images (DTI). Diffusion tensor images is a neuroimaging technique to examine the integrity of tracts.

The results of these studies suggest that neural tracts can be abnormal in people with Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) due to impaired white matter integrity. Thus, changes in these tracts in the brains of people with ASD are helpful in identifying individual differences. Although most studies have reported decreased FA and increased MD, RD, and AD in white matter tracts, some studies have reported increased FA or no significant difference between the control and autistic groups.

E. coli is the predominant causes of urinary tract infection. Several virulence factors for bacterial infections in the urinary tract are required. In this study, we have considered several virulence factors in strains isolated from the patients with UTI in Yazd.

In this cross-sectional study in 1394-1395, 146 strains isolated were collected from the patients with urinary tract infection. After confirmation by phenotypic and genotype methods, frequency of gene fimH, pap C, aer was evaluated using specific primers by PCR method. The pattern of antibiotic resistance of isolates was determined by disk diffusion method.

In the present study, the prevalence of virulence genes was fimH (87%), aer (85.6%) and papC (9.6%). Among 146 E. coli isolates, resistance rate for various antibiotics were as follows: 57.2% to Cotrimoxazole, 54.8% to Nalidixic acid, 45.9% to Cefazolin, 40.4% to Cefixime, 42.5% to Cefalotin, 41.8% to Cefalexin, 31.5% to Norfloxacin, 30.1% to Ofloxacin, 28.3% to Ciprofloxacin, 24% to Gentamicin, 19.9% to Amikacin, 1.4% to Nitrofurantoin, and 1.4% to  phosphomycin. The results showed that the most and less frequent resistant was seen in Cotrimoxazole and Nitrofurantoin, phosphomycin, respectively.

In this study, the frequency of fimH gene was higher than other genes. In addition, according to the pattern of antibiotic resistance nitrofurantoin and phosphomycin are suitable medicines for the treatment of patients in our region.

Tabata exercise programs can produce free radicals and muscle soreness and herbal supplements may be helpful as mediators in response to oxidative damage and muscle stress. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare the effects of these two supplements with Tabata exercise activity on nitric oxide and creatine kinase enzyme.

The research was a quasi-experimental one and the participants were boys practicing Kung Fu. Among them, 33 boys (19-25 years old) were selected as a research sample by obtaining written consent and were randomly divided into three groups: Tabata exercise, Tabata exercise + capsaicin, Tabata exercise + piperine). During the eight weeks of piperine and capsaicin supplementation, all three groups participated in a Tabata training protocol. After the last session, blood sampling was taken in two basic stages immediately.The results were compared with one-way analysis of variance and Bonferroni test in the inferential section and SPSS version 16 software.

Creatine kinase activity in the two groups of supplement + exercise compared to the exercise group had a significant decrease (p = 0.004) and nitric oxide (p = 0.001) in the two groups of supplement + exercise compared to the exercise group had a significant increase. These changes were more pronounced in the Tabata exercise group with capsaicin supplementation. This significance was confirmed by Bonferroni test. There was no significant difference between the two groups of Tabata exercise and capsaicin and peprin consumption.

Both piperine and capsaicin supplements decreased creatine kinase activity and increased nitric oxide. These two supplements were able to reduce some of the oxidative damage and muscle stress resulting from exercise by different mechanisms.

Due to the global burden of measles, many measures have always been taken to control and eradicate this disease. However, epidemics of this disease still sometimes occur in some parts of the world and Iran. The aim of this study was to investigate the epidemiology of measles cases in the south of Kerman Province during 2014-2015.

This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on 326-suspected cases of measles using a checklist and review forms. Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 16.

During the years of 2004 and 2005, out of the total number of suspected cases (n=326), 23% were laboratory confirmed. The highest percentage of measles was in the age group of 1 to 4 years (45.3%) and above 10 years (30.7%) and the highest cases of measles were among males (61.3%). Most cases of definite measles were in people without a history of vaccination (61.3%), in Iranians (81.3%) and in rural areas (73.3%).

According to the results of the study, there is a need to pay attention to additional immunization in remote areas and in places of gathering of foreign nationals. The highest prevalence of measles were among people who did not have a history of measles vaccination, it seems that the measles vaccination program has not been very successful in the cities covered by the Jiroft University of Medical Sciences. It is recommended that additional studies be performed to determine the risk factors for measles.

Medication error is one of the most common errors in the medical context which has a great importance in the ICUs due to the patients’ inability and vulnerability in participating in the medication therapy. The aim of this study was to determine frequency, types, and reasons of medication errors in the ICUs.

This was a cross-sectional descriptive study, which was conducted on 105 nurses working in the ICUs located in hospitals of Yazd City in 2017 on the basis of census sampling method. The data were collected by means of the demographic and occupational questionnaire and the medication errors questionnaire whose content validity and reliability (Alpha Cronbachchr('39')s coefficient) have been approved The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and the Chi-square statistical test through SPSS software V.16.

The findings revealed that %66.7 of the nurses had medication errors. %40.6 of the nurses had made medication error only once, and 58.7% of the errors occurred during the night shift. As to the injectable medications, administrating nonprescription medications, making mistakes in dosage calculation, and giving medication after discontinuation were reported with higher frequencies. Regarding the injectable medications, paying no attention to interactions of concomitant drugs, making calculation mistakes, and administrating nonprescription medications were more frequent. Also, the nurses’ fatigue was reported as the first main cause of medication errors in this study.

Given the high frequency of medication errors) 66.7% in the last six months( particularly during the night shift as well as the nurses’ fatigue as the most important cause of the error incidences, it appears important that healthcare authorities and nursing managers take account of the approaches that enhance the nurses’ working conditions.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of endurance training and stem cell injection on FGF2 and MMP13 gene expression in knee tissue of rats with knee osteoarthritis.

The type of study was an experimental one.Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: control - healthy, control - patient, patient - stem cell, patient - training, and patient - training - stem cell. The training program consisted of 30 minutes of running on a treadmill with no slope at 16 m / min for the first week, with 1 m / min added weekly. Rats received MSCs through intracellular injection of 1*106 cells / kg. Expression of FGF2 and MMP13 genes was measured by Real Time PCR. One way ANOVA and if there was a significant difference, Tukey post hoc test were used to determine the difference between groups. All statistical analyzes were performed using SPSS version 16.

Data analysis showed that training and stem cell therapy have significantly increased in genes expression of FGF2 and MMP-13 in mice with osteoarthritis (p <0.000). Moreover, Tukey post hoc test showed a significant difference in the level of FGF2 changes in the training-stem cell groups compared to the training group and the saline group (p=0.000). There was also a significant difference between the MMP-13 follow-up test with the control group with the saline group, the training group and the stem cell with the train-stem cell, and the saline group with the training group9(P=0.000).

The results showed that FGF2 levels and MMP13 in the cartilage tissue of mice with osteoarthritis have increased and endurance training and stem cells therapy caused a decrease in the level of factors.

Prunus armeniaca is one member of the Rosaceae family. Antitumor activity of this family on the colon, prostate, bladder, cervix, lung and breast cancers has been proven in previous research, which is attributed to a natural compound called amygdalin. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the effect of apricot kernel extract on acute leukemia that has not been studied before.

In this experimental study, Aqueous, ethyl acetate, and hydro alcoholic of the Armeniacae semen extracts were prepared. The NALM-6 and KG-1 cell lines were treated with different doses of extracts; cell viability was investigated with MTT test and using double staining fluorescent, cell apoptosis was detected. Cell cycle progression was analyzed, using a BD Cycle TEST PLUS DNA Kit.

The results showed that different extracts of Prunus armeniaca induced dose-dependent inhibition in both Kg1 and Nalm6 cell lines. According to the results of MTT test, the strongest IC50 in Kg1 and Nalm6 cell lines was related to the 48h effect of ethyl acetate extract of Prunus armeniaca. Fluorescent microscopy analysis showed apoptosis. The ethyl acetate extract application in both cell lines increased the number of cells in the G0 / G1 phase and decreased the number of cells in the G2 / M phase.

It seems that ethylacetat extract of Prunus armeniaca can reduce the proliferation of Kg1 and Nalm6 cell lines, probably by regulates cell cycle progression.