mohsen pourmohammad

Death anxiety is a significant factor that may exacerbate end-of-life diseases and is a prevalent concern among patients facing terminal illnesses due to the nature of their conditions and the associated high mortality rates. This study aimed to explore the relationship between religious attitudes and death anxiety in patients at the end-of-life.

This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 80 patients at the end-of-life in 2023. Data were collected using a demographic information questionnaire, Templer’s Death Anxiety Scale, and Golriz and Brahani’s Religious Attitude Questionnaire. The data analysis was performed using SPSS software version 16.

In this study, the mean age of the patients was 62.65±4.12 years, the mean death anxiety score was 81.15±11.32, and the mean religious attitude score was 79.13±9.28. The results of the correlation coefficient test between death anxiety and religious attitude found a significant and negative relationship, with increasing religious attitude, death anxiety decreases (r=-0.321, P<0.01). The results of linear regression analysis of death anxiety based on religious beliefs showed that a one-unit change in the religious beliefs component results in a 0.410 change in death anxiety (P<0.05).

The results of this study highlight the critical role of religious attitudes in managing death anxiety among end-of-life patients. By fostering spiritual well-being, healthcare providers can enhance the quality of life for those facing terminal illnesses, ultimately leading to more compassionate and effective care practices.

One of the medical issues related to jurisprudence regarding to Shar’a justifiability is dissecting cadaver for medical education. Teaching and learning all sciences and techniques, including medicine, is certainly necessary for human beings. Dissection of human cadaver is an introductory course in medical education in one side and obligation to respect for Muslim dead body like the live individual is imperative on the other side. Moreover, irreverence to Muslim-whether live or dead-is forbidden-haram- in Islamic thoughts. The essential question is how it is possible to maintain both respect for Muslim dead body and meanwhile help to improve and develop medical education and related fields in Islamic community by having permission to dissect the dead body of Muslims.In the present article it is attempted to discuss and analyze the opinions of some of great religious scholars in the past and those of the contemporary religious authorities. Furthermore, Fatwa of the Supreme Iranian Leader Ayatollah Khamenei is also quoted here. In conclusion,religious scholars of Islam have emphasized the respect for Muslim dead body and have declared that non-Muslim body should be dissected in medical education.

Muhammad ibn Ya‘qūb al-Kulaynī, is the first of those scholars who devised the book of al-Kafi's with special attention to the science of dariyah al-hadith. Given the primacy of this science, al-Kulaynī, as the author of tradition comprehension (fiqh al-hadith) in the era of the formation of the collections of narrations, applied the unwritten principles of comprehension of hadith in al-Kafi. Kulaynī's fundamental principles include, the way of responding to a request for the formation of the collections of narrations, criteria for the recognition of the true and false tradition, categorizing, naming and type of traditions, the length of the compilation, explaining the chapters, compilation of al-Kafi based on the validity of each narrations, setting the narrations based on specific topics, analysis of some narrations, explaining the difficulties of some hadiths along with the elimination of possible contradictions and analyzing the chains of hadiths. These rules can be applied as the rules of tradition comprehension in the method and context.

In every country, the institutionalization of religious values is influenced by the institutional factors of socialization. The process of internalizing values and religious beliefs is called "religious socialization". Family, school, friends, the clerics, religious people and the mass media are among the most important factors in socialization. This study examines the relationship between religious socialization and religiosity of the survey respondents. The main question is about the most important factor in the religious socialization of people, especially the youth. The statistical population includes Guilan University students, 384 of whom were chosen as the sample. The theoretical approach to this research is a combination of the theory of interaction and functionalism. The results show that the most important factors of socialization are the mass media, the clerics, religious people and friends respectively. Compared with the other factors of socialization the two of the factors of socialization i.e. family and school have somehow lost their functions.